scholarly journals Early childhood adversity and adolescent depression: the mediating role of continued stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Hazel ◽  
C. Hammen ◽  
P. A. Brennan ◽  
J. Najman
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Stress Burden

BackgroundWhile various conceptualizations of the link between childhood adversity and later depression have been offered, most have not accounted for the possibility that early adversity predicts continuing stress proximal to depression onset. Thus, the present study tested the possible mediating role of recent stress in the association between early adversity and depression in late adolescence.MethodStudy questions were examined in a longitudinal community sample of 705 youth who were contemporaneously assessed for early adversity exposure prior to age 5 years, chronic and episodic stress at age 15 years, and major depression prior to age 15 years and between 15 and 20 years.ResultsTotal youth stress burden at age 15 years mediated the effect of early adversity on depression between ages 15 and 20 years, and none of the observed relationships were moderated by onset of depression prior to age 15 years.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that continued stress exposure proximal to depression onset largely accounts for the association between early adversity and depression in late adolescence. Intervention should thus focus on disrupting the continuity of stressful conditions across childhood and adolescence. Future studies of the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms of the link between early experiences and depression should explore whether the effects of early experiences are independent of continuing adversity proximal to depressive onset.

Experiences of adversity in childhood and adolescence and cortisol in late adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Courtenay L. Kessler ◽  
Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn ◽  
Susan Mineka ◽  
Richard E. Zinbarg ◽  
Michelle Craske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol

Abstract Early life adversity influences the diurnal cortisol rhythm, yet the relative influence of different characteristics of adversity remains unknown. In this study, we examine how developmental timing (childhood vs. adolescence), severity (major vs. minor), and domain of early life adversity relate to diurnal cortisol rhythms in late adolescence. We assessed adversity retrospectively in early adulthood in a subsample of 236 participants from a longitudinal study of a diverse community sample of suburban adolescents oversampled for high neuroticism. We used multilevel modeling to assess associations between our adversity measures and the diurnal cortisol rhythm (waking and bedtime cortisol, awakening response, slope, and average cortisol). Major childhood adversities were associated with flatter daily slope, and minor adolescent adversities were associated with greater average daily cortisol. Examining domains of childhood adversities, major neglect and sexual abuse were associated with flatter slope and lower waking cortisol, with sexual abuse also associated with higher cortisol awakening response. Major physical abuse was associated with higher waking cortisol. Among adolescent adversities domains, minor neglect, emotional abuse, and witnessing violence were associated with greater average cortisol. These results suggest severity, developmental timing, and domain of adversity influence the association of early life adversity with stress response system functioning.

Internet addiction, adolescent depression, and the mediating role of life events: Finding from a sample of Chinese adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsheng Yang ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Zhihua Zhang ◽  
Yehuan Sun ◽  
Hongyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Role

scholarly journals Effects of Father and Mother Attachment on Depressive Symptoms in Middle Childhood and Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Alexandra Iwanski ◽  
Lucie Lichtenstein ◽  
Laura E. Mühling ◽  
Peter Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Background: Attachment and emotion regulation play a decisive role in the developmental pathways of adaptation or maladaptation. This study tested concurrent and longitudinal associations between the attachment to mother and father, sadness regulation, and depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 1110 participants from middle childhood to adolescence completed measures of attachment, emotion regulation, and depressive symptomatology. In total, 307 of them participated in the longitudinal assessment. Results: Results revealed attachment affects emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we found linear effects of the cumulative number of secure attachment relationships on adaptive and maladaptive deactivating sadness regulation, as well as on depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analysis showed the significant mediating role of sadness regulation in the relationship between attachment and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Adaptive and maladaptive deactivating sadness regulation explain the longitudinal effects of attachment on depressive symptoms. Insecurely attached children and adolescents use maladaptive and adaptive sadness regulation strategies, but differ in their hierarchy of strategy use.

scholarly journals Cyberbullying Victimization and Adolescent Depression: The Mediating Role of Psychological Security and the Moderating Role of Growth Mindset

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengfeng Niu ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Shanyan Lin ◽  
Xiaojun Sun ◽  
Claudio Longobardi
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cyberbullying Victimization ◽  
Moderating Role

The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms (the mediating role of psychological security and the moderating role of growth mindset) underlying the association between cyberbullying victimization and depression among adolescents. A sample of 755 adolescents (Mage = 13.35 ± 1.02; 373 boys) was recruited from two junior high schools, and the participants were asked to voluntarily complete a set of measures, including the cyberbullying victimization subscale in the Chinese version of the Cyberbullying Inventory, the Chinese version of the Security Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Growth Mindset Inventory. The results indicated that: (1) cyberbullying victimization was positively associated with depression through the mediating effect of psychological security and (2) both the direct association between cyberbullying victimization and depression and the indirect association through the mediating effect of psychological security were moderated by growth mindset. Specifically, growth mindset could significantly alleviate the adverse effects of cyberbullying victimization on psychological security and on depression. These findings not only shed light on the mechanisms linking cyberbullying victimization to depression among adolescents, but also provide an empirical basis for formulating prevention and/or intervention programs aimed at reducing depression levels and the negative influences of cyberbullying victimization among adolescents.

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