Mediating Effects of Online-Based Leisure Between Parenting Attitudes and Children’s Smartphone Dependency

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of positive and negative parenting attitudes on smartphone dependency in children to examine the mediating effects of online-based leisure such as computer usage, game, and smartphone usage.Methods: Data of 714 children scoring above the top 30% of smartphone dependency among the children in 5th grade in elementary school were collected through the 2nd wave of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS 2018). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the mediating effects with the Bootstrapping method by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0.Results: In the model, online-based leisure significantly mediated the relationship between positive parenting attitudes such as warmth, autonomy support and structure provision, and smartphone dependency showing complete mediation. Also, negative parenting attitudes such as rejection, coercion, and chaos directly negatively affected smartphone dependency, not showing a mediating effect. Results indicate that increased positive parenting attitudes lead to reduced smartphone dependency through decreasing online-based leisure, while negative parenting attitudes lead to increase dependence on the smartphone.Conclusion: While positive parenting attitudes do not directly affect smartphone dependency, they lead to a decrease in online-based leisure. Consequently, as online-based leisure lessens, smartphone dependency subsequently may also be diminished. In addition, although negative parenting attitudes have no mediating effect, they directly influence the growing smartphone dependency. Results confirm that positive parenting mediate the effects of online-based activities in relation to smartphone dependency when parents provide the most structure, autonomy support, and warmth to their children. Practical implications are discussed, and relevant interventions offered for children and parents.

Study of the expression of attitudes on intensive parenting in Russian women

The cultural and ideological shift of the parenting paradigm towards the child-centred approach in upbringing leads to the need to study the phenomenology of intensive parenting (motherhood) in Russian psychology. For the first time, the article has presented the quantitative results of the intensity of the attitudes of intensive parenting in Russian women (as part of the pilot version of the Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (IPAQ) methodology testing) (Liss M., Schiffrin H.H., Mackintosh V.H., Miles-McLean H., Erchull M.J., 2013) The study involved 138 women aged 23 to 56 years (M = 38.43) with number of children 1 to 5 (M = 1.93). It was found that the central element in the model of intensive parenting Russian women advocate child-centredness. Differences in the fullness of intense parental attitudes, depending on the age of the mother, are described. The severity of the attitudes to intensive motherhood is rather weakly interconnected with the peculiarities of the life context, and the socio-demographic characteristics of women. The findings can be used to address parental stress, burnout and general life dissatisfaction with individual clients and families.

Rural Food Environment, Caregiver Influence and School-Aged Children’s Unhealthy Food Choice: New Evidence From Rural China

Background A large number of unhealthy foods with low nutrition content and safety issues exist in the rural food consumption environment of China. Guiding rural children to avoid eating unhealthy foods through family intervention has become much more critical. However, when current rural caregivers are once left behind by their parents and lack of family education in their childhood, how would they affect their children’s unhealthy food choices? The purpose of this study is to highlight the new evidence of current rural caregivers’ influences on children’s unhealthy food choices in China. Methods Based on a survey of 5611 pairs of rural school-aged children and their caregivers in seven provinces, the significant effects of caregivers’ types, parenting attitudes, and socio-demographic characteristics on children’s unhealthy food choices were evaluated through an ordered probit model. Results This study found that rural parents did not perform positive influence than rural grandparents as conventionally believed. When the caregiver type changing from parents to grandparents, the percentage of children who mildly accept unhealthy foods increased 6.94%, while the percentage of children who moderately and severely accept unhealthy foods decreased 6.48% and 0.46%, respectively. In addition, this study underscored the significance of caregivers’ neglectful parenting attitudes on the impact of children’s unhealthy eating behavior. When caregivers’ parenting attitudes changing from doting attitude to neglectful attitude, the percentage of children who mildly accept unhealthy foods decreased 9.75%, while the percentage of children who moderately and severely accept unhealthy foods increased 8.77% and 0.99%, respectively. Conclusions Our study proposes new evidence that the current rural parents’ inherent intention and preference for those unhealthy foods formed in their childhood would be much higher than rural grandparents and might have performed a significantly negative influence on their children. Our findings also have policy implications for health promotion professionals who look for intervention targets of caregivers to improve their health education effectiveness for children. For the health education toward rural caregivers, instead of focusing on the caregiver types, segmenting those rural caregivers with neglectful parenting attitude would be the key step to identify the intervention targets.

Culture and Social Change in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Individualism, Collectivism and Parenting Attitudes

Cultures and families are not static over time but evolve in response to social transformations, such as changing gender roles, urbanization, globalization, and technology uptake. Historically, individualism and collectivism have been widely used heuristics guiding cross-cultural comparisons, yet these orientations may evolve over time, and individuals within cultures and cultures themselves can have both individualist and collectivist orientations. Historical shifts in parents’ attitudes also have occurred within families in several cultures. As a way of understanding mothers’ and fathers’ individualism, collectivism, and parenting attitudes at this point in history, we examined parents in nine countries that varied widely in country-level individualism rankings. Data included mothers’ and fathers’ reports (N = 1338 families) at three time points in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. More variance was accounted for by within-culture than between-culture factors for parents’ individualism, collectivism, progressive parenting attitudes, and authoritarian parenting attitudes, which were predicted by a range of sociodemographic factors that were largely similar for mothers and fathers and across cultural groups. Social changes from the 20th to the 21st century may have contributed to some of the similarities between mothers and fathers and across the nine countries.

PARENTING IN YOUNG MOTHERS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Being a young mother has long-term consequences even during the life of the mother and child in foster care, this hurts both mother and child. The purpose of this review is to look at how childcare in young mothers uses the methodology recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. 11 relevant articles discussed and found key concepts grouped into three main themes namely parenting behavior, parenting stress, and parenting need. Adolescent mothers with higher social support have more knowledge in parenting, parenting attitudes, and self-efficacy in positive parenting, can overcome the temperament of the child, as well as reduce the stress of parenting.