Interrogative suggestibility, compliance and false confessions among prisoners and their relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gudjonsson ◽  
J. F. Sigurdsson ◽  
O. O. Bragason ◽  
A. K. Newton ◽  
E. Einarsson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
False Confession ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Interrogative Suggestibility ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Prisoners

BackgroundInterrogative suggestibility and compliance are important psychological vulnerabilities during interrogation. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of suggestibility and compliance with childhood and current symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Compliance has not been studied previously in relation to ADHD. A further aim was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and the reporting of having made a false confession to the police.MethodThe participants were 90 male prisoners, all of whom had completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility and Compliance Scales (GSS and GCS) within 10 days of admission to the prison. Childhood ADHD symptoms were screened by the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and current adult symptoms by the DSM-IV Checklist criteria for ADHD.ResultsHalf of the prisoners (50%) were found on screening to meet criteria for ADHD in childhood and, of those, over half (60%) were either fully symptomatic or in partial remission of their symptoms. ADHD symptoms were found to be significantly associated with compliance, but not with suggestibility. The relationship with compliance was stronger (effect size) in relation to current than childhood symptoms. The ADHD symptomatic groups were significantly more likely to claim that they had made a false confession to the police in the past.ConclusionsThe findings raise important questions about the potential vulnerability of adults with ADHD symptoms in terms of their ability to cope with interrogation.

Atomoxetine versus Methylphenidate in Paediatric Outpatients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison Trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Yasong Du ◽  
Dong H. Song ◽  
Yee-Jin Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
End Point ◽  
Blind Comparison

Objective: To (i) test whether atomoxetine is non-inferior to methylphenidate in treating symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in paediatric patients; and (ii) determine the tolerability of the two drugs. Method: This double-blind study was conducted in 6- to 16-year-old outpatients with ADHD (DSM-IV) in China, Korea and Mexico (January–October 2004). Patients were randomly assigned to once-daily atomoxetine (0.8–1.8 mg kg−1 day−1; n = 164) or twice-daily methylphenidate (0.2–0.6 mg kg−1 day−1; n = 166) for ∼8 weeks. Primary efficacy assessment was the comparison of response rates (≥40% reduction from baseline to end point in total score) on the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version: Investigator-Administered and -Scored. Tolerability measures included, but were not limited to, the assessment of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and weight. Results: Atomoxetine was non-inferior to methylphenidate in improving ADHD symptoms based on response rates (atomoxetine, 77.4%; methylphenidate, 81.5%; one-sided 95% lower confidence limit = −11.7%, p = 0.404). Treatment-emergent adverse effects experienced significantly more frequently in the atomoxetine group, compared with the methylphenidate group, included anorexia (37.2% vs. 25.3%; p = 0.024), nausea (20.1% vs. 10.2%; p = 0.014), somnolence (26.2% vs. 3.6%; p <0.001), dizziness (15.2% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.024) and vomiting (11.6% vs. 3.6%; p = 0.007), most of which were of mild or moderate severity. Atomoxetine-treated patients experienced a small but significantly greater mean weight loss from baseline to end point than methylphenidate-treated patients (−1.2 kg vs. −0.4 kg; p <0.001). Conclusions: This study suggests that atomoxetine is non-inferior to methylphenidate in the improvement of ADHD symptoms in paediatric outpatients. Although both of the drugs were well tolerated, atomoxetine was associated with a higher incidence of TEAEs than methylphenidate.

Incidence of Internet addiction in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S396-S397
Author(s):  
B. Tuzun Mutluer ◽  
T.G. Yener Orum ◽  
S. Sertcelik
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveIn this study, it was aimed to determine the internet use properties of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients who were followed-up at Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Department; ADHD Outpatient Clinic.MethodThirty participants who were diagnosed with adult ADHD aged between 18–31 years rated their ADHD symptoms in childhood retrospectively, using Wender Utah Rating Scale. Patients rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (DSRS) and severity of symptoms measured by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction (IA) was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). It was determined that, none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with IA.29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS score (P = 0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based DSRS score (P = 0.036) and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale total score (P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with the IAS total score. Subscale of the self-report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (P = 0.017), restiveness; impaired inhibitory performance (P = 0.017), feeling not confident (P = 0.017), difficulty of managing time (P = 0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (P = 0.037) are closely relevant to IAS total score.ResultIn conclusion, clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with IA. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an IA diagnosis. However, it was thought that this result had to be supported with studies including larger samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Sub-clinical levels of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are associated with tobacco consumption in male but not in female smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Douglas ◽  
Sean P. Barrett ◽  
Neil T. Hanley ◽  
Robert O. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽  
The Relationship

An abudance of evidence has demonstrated an association between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco consumption. However, previous research has focused solely on populations meeting full diagnostic criteria for ADHD, despite evidence suggesting that symptoms below diagnostic threshold can be associated with impairment. Furthermore, the role of gender in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and tobacco consumption has not been determined. To examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms, tobacco use, and gender in a non-clinical population, symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity were assessed in 230 undergraduate students (22 male and 45 female smokers, and 66 male and 97 female nonsmokers). Overall, relative to nonsmokers, the smoking subjects reported significantly higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity. In male smokers, both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily. This relationship did not hold for female smokers, for whom no association was found between symptoms and nicotine consumption. Findings imply that even sub-clinical levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are related to indices of tobacco use in males, and support previous research suggesting that significant gender differences may exist in tobacco smoking motives. Results also have potential implications for tobacco cessation programs, which may require more individual tailoring.l glutamic pyruvic transaminase is identified in an elderly subject.

Aripiprazole in Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Open Clinical Trial

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silzá Tramontina ◽  
Cristian Patrick Zeni ◽  
Gabriel Ferreira Pheula ◽  
Carla Ketzer de Souza ◽  
Luis Augusto Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTIntroductionJuvenile bipolar disorder (JBD) is a highly impairing chronic mental health condition that affects children and adolescents' overall functioning. Comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is extremely prevalent and may determine worse response to treatment. Few investigations have addressed the use of recent atypical antipsychotics in JBD, although several guidelines suggest their use.MethodsWe conducted a 6-week open trial with aripiprazole in 10 children and adolescents with JBD comorbid with ADHD to assess impact on mania and ADHD symptoms, respectively, by means of the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale, as well as on global functioning (Clinical Global Impressions–Severity), and adverse events.ResultsSignificant improvement in global functioning scores (F=3.17, P=.01, effect size=0.55), manic symptoms (F=5.63, P<.01; ES=0.93), and ADHD symptoms (t=3.42, P<.01; ES=1.05) were detected. Although an overall positive tolerability was reported, significant weight gain (F=3.07, P=.05) was observed.ConclusionAripiprazole was effective in improving mania and ADHD symptoms, but neither JBD nor ADHD symptom remission was observed in most of the cases. Randomized placebo-controlled trials for JBD and ADHD are needed.

scholarly journals Randomised controlled trial of the short-term effects of OROS-methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms and behavioural outcomes in young male prisoners with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (CIAO-II)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Lena Johansson ◽  
Rachel Holland ◽  
Thomas Fahy ◽  
Andrew Forester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Male Prisoners

Abstract Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalence disorder, seen in 20-30% of young adult prisoners. Pharmacoepidemiological studies, a small randomised controlled, and open trial data suggest clinically significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation, disruptive behaviour and engagement with educational activities. Yet, routine treatment of ADHD in offenders with ADHD is not yet established clinical practice. There is continued uncertainty about the clinical response to methylphenidate, a first line treatment for ADHD, in offenders who often present with an array of complex mental health problems that may better explain states of inattentive, overactive restless and impulsive behaviours. To address this problem we conduct an efficacy trial to establish the short term effects of OROS-methylphenidate (Concerta XL), an extended release formulation of MPH, on ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation and behaviour. Methods: Parallel arm randomised placebo-controlled trial of OROS-MPH on ADHD symptoms, behaviour and functional outcomes in young male prisoners aged 16-25, meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD. Participants are randomised to 8-weeks treatment with OROS-MPH or placebo, titrated over 5 weeks to balance ADHD symptom improvement against side effects. 200 participants will be recruited with 1:1 ratio of drug to placebo. The primary outcome is change in level of ADHD symptoms after 8-weeks of trial medication. Discussion: Potential benefits include improvement in ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation, attitudes towards violence, critical incidents and engagement with educational and rehabilitation programs. Demonstrating efficacy and safety of MPH on ADHD symptoms and associated impairments may provide the data needed to develop effective healthcare pathways for a significant group of young offenders. Establishing efficacy of MPH in this population will provide the foundation needed to establish long term effectiveness studies with the potential for demonstrating significant reductions in criminal behaviour and improved health-economic outcomes. Trial Registration: ISRCTN16827947l; EudraCT Number: 2015-004271-78. Protocol version: v2.0 30.08.2018

scholarly journals Investigating the relationship of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders in adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khodabakhsh ◽  
Seyed Hesam Ahmadian Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder which starts from childhood and early juvenility and can even continue until adolescence. It is noticeable with three factors: hyperactivity, attention inability, and Impulsivity. Researches have demonstrated that the main symptoms of ADHD is also present in patients diagnosed with eating disorders. The goal of the present study is to investigate the relationship of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders in adults.The present study is a correlational study with a cross sectional descriptive method. The sample contains of 150 people chosen from adults using random sampling method. All of the participants answered the Eating attitudes scale (Garner and Garfinkel, 1982) and the Adult ADHD self-report scale (world health organization, 1994). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient.Considering the result of current study it can be said that ADHD and Eating disorders are related to one another, because based on the evidence gathered, these two variables have similar neurobiological properties and clinical features, and thus ADHD has the ability of eating disorder occurrence anticipation.   Keyword: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Diet;  Eating disorder; Impulsivity

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document