scholarly journals Global and regional cortical thinning in first-episode psychosis patients: relationships with clinical and cognitive features

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Crespo-Facorro ◽  
R. Roiz-Santiáñez ◽  
R. Pérez-Iglesias ◽  
J. M. Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
I. Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Parietal Cortices

BackgroundThe thickness of the cortical mantle is a sensitive measure for identifying alterations in cortical structure. We aimed to explore whether first episode schizophrenia patients already show a significant cortical thinning and whether cortical thickness anomalies may significantly influence clinical and cognitive features.MethodWe investigated regional changes in cortical thickness in a large and heterogeneous sample of schizophrenia spectrum patients (n=142) at their first break of the illness and healthy controls (n=83). Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans (1.5 T) were obtained and images were analyzed by using brains2. The contribution of sociodemographic, cognitive and clinical characterictics was investigated.ResultsPatients showed a significant total cortical thinning (F=17.55, d=−0.62, p<0.001) and there was a diffuse pattern of reduced thickness (encompassing frontal, temporal and parietal cortices) (all p's<0.001, d's>0.53). No significant group×gender interactions were observed (all p's>0.15). There were no significant associations between the clinical and pre-morbid variables and cortical thickness measurements (all r's<0.12). A weak significant negative correlation between attention and total (r=−0.24, p=0.021) and parietal cortical thickness (r=−0.27, p=0.009) was found in patients (thicker cortex was associated with lower attention). Our data revealed a similar pattern of cortical thickness changes related to age in patients and controls.ConclusionsCortical thinning is independent of gender, age, age of onset and duration of the illness and does not seem to significantly influence clinical and functional symptomatology. These findings support a primary neurodevelopment disorder affecting the normal cerebral cortex development in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Morphology of the corpus callosum at different stages of schizophrenia: Cross-sectional study in first-episode and chronic illness

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Amanda G. Wood ◽  
David C. Reutens ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Parietal Cortices

BackgroundThe shape of the corpus callosum may differ in schizophrenia, although no study has compared first-episode with established illness.AimsTo investigate the size and shape of the corpus callosum in a large sample of people with first-episode and established schizophrenia.MethodCallosal size and shape were determined using highresolution magnetic resonance imaging on 76 patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, 86 patients with established schizophrenia and 55 healthy participants.ResultsThere were no significant differences in total area across groups. Reductions in callosal width were seen in the region of the anterior genu in first-episode disorder (P<0.005). Similar reductions were seen in the chronic schizophrenia group in the anterior genu, but also in the posterior genu and isthmus (P = 0.0005).ConclusionsReductions in anterior callosal regions connecting frontal cortex are present at the onset of schizophrenia, and in established illness are accompanied by changes in other regions of the callosum connecting cingulate, temporal and parietal cortices.

scholarly journals Predictors of Treatment-Resistant and Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia: A 12-Year Follow-up Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Kit Wa Chan ◽  
Hei Yan Veronica Chan ◽  
William G Honer ◽  
Tarun Bastiampillai ◽  
Yi Nam Suen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Studies on the long-term development and early predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and clozapine-resistant TRS (CR-TRS) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FES) are limited and have not considered the impact of early intervention services (EIS). This study aimed to explore the development of TRS and CR-TRS among patients with FES over 12 years of follow-up. Of the 1234 patients with FES, 15% developed TRS. A total of 450 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included in a nested case-control study (157 TRS and 293 non-TRS). Younger age of onset, poorer premorbid social adjustment during adulthood, longer duration of first episode, a greater number of relapses, and a higher antipsychotic dose in the first 24 months were associated with earlier TRS. CR-TRS patients, constituting 25% of TRS patients, had a poorer premorbid social adjustment in late adolescence and longer delay before clozapine initiation compared with non-CR-TRS. CR-TRS had poorer clinical and functional outcomes at 12-year follow-up. However, TRS patients on clozapine had a lower mortality rate compared with non-TRS patients. EIS did not have a significant impact on the development of TRS, but patients in the EIS group had a shorter delay of clozapine initiation. Results suggested that neurodevelopmental factors, early clinical characteristics, and requirement for higher antipsychotic dose may be associated with TRS development, highlighting multiple pathways leading to this form of illness. Specific interventions including relapse prevention and early initiation of clozapine during the early course of illness may reduce the rate of TRS and improve patient outcomes.

GREATER CORTICAL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA WHO ARE RESPONSIVE TO ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Philip R. Szeszko ◽  
Catherine L. Narr ◽  
Owen R. Phillips ◽  
Joanne McCormack ◽  
Serge Sevy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals S201. HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELD VOLUMES AND CHANGE IN BODY MASS OVER 12 MONTHS OF TREATMENT IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S114-S115
Author(s):  
Stéfan Du Plessis ◽  
Hilmar Luckhoff ◽  
Sanja Kilian ◽  
Laila Asmal ◽  
Frederika Scheffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background In this study, we explored the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and change in body mass over 12 months of treatment in 90 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients (66 males, 24 females; mean age= 24.7±6.8 years). Methods Body mass index was assessed in patients at baseline, and at months 3, 6, 9 and 12. Hippocampal subfields of interest were assessed using a segmentation algorithm included in the FreeSurfer 6.0 software program. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant interactive effect between sex and anterior hippocampus size as a predictor of change in body mass over 12 months, adjusting for age, substance use, treatment duration, and posterior hippocampal volumes. In an exploratory sub-analysis, partial correlations revealed a significant association between weight gain and smaller CA1, CA3 and subiculum volumes in females, but not males, adjusting for age and substance use, with similar trends evident for the CA4 and presubiculum subfields. Discussion In conclusion, our findings suggest that smaller anterior hippocampal subfields are associated with the development of weight gain over the course of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a sex-specific fashion, and may partly explain the more severe and ongoing increase in body mass evident for female patients.

scholarly journals Altered amygdala-based functional connectivity in individuals with attenuated psychosis syndrome and first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Sung Kim ◽  
Guangfan Shen ◽  
Congcong Liu ◽  
Nam-In Kang ◽  
Keon-Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Altered resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala (AMY) has been demonstrated to be implicated in schizophrenia (SZ) and attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS). Specifically, no prior work has investigated FC in individuals with APS using subregions of the AMY as seed regions of interest. The present study examined AMY subregion-based FC in individuals with APS and first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HCs). The resting state FC maps of the three AMY subregions were computed and compared across the three groups. Correlation analysis was also performed to examine the relationship between the Z-values of regions showing significant group differences and symptom rating scores. Individuals with APS showed hyperconnectivity between the right centromedial AMY (CMA) and left frontal pole cortex (FPC) and between the laterobasal AMY and brain stem and right inferior lateral occipital cortex compared to HCs. Patients with FES showed hyperconnectivity between the right superficial AMY and left occipital pole cortex and between the left CMA and left thalamus compared to the APS and HCs respectively. A negative relationship was observed between the connectivity strength of the CMA with the FPC and negative-others score of the Brief Core Schema Scales in the APS group. We observed different altered FC with subregions of the AMY in individuals with APS and FES compared to HCs. These results shed light on the pathogenetic mechanisms underpinning the development of APS and SZ.

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