Antiserotonergic antipsychotics are associated with obsessive–compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schirmbeck ◽  
C. Esslinger ◽  
F. Rausch ◽  
S. Englisch ◽  
A. Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Group I

BackgroundEpidemiological investigations show that up to 30% of schizophrenic patients suffer from obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) associated with negative impact on the general prognosis. It has been proposed that antiserotonergic second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) might induce OCS, but investigations of large samples integrating psychopathology, neuropsychology and psychopharmacology are missing.MethodWe stratified 70 patients with schizophrenia according to their mode of antipsychotic treatment: clozapine and olanzapine (group I) compared with aripiprazole and amisulpride (group II). The groups were matched according to age, sex, educational levels and severity of the psychotic disorder (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). As the primary endpoint, we evaluated OCS severity (Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale).ResultsOCS were significantly more prevalent and severe in group I, in which OCS severity correlated with dosage of clozapine and duration of treatment. Pronounced cognitive deficits in group I were found in visuospatial perception and visual memory (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised block design, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), impulse inhibition (go/no-go test), higher perseveration scores (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and reduced set-shift abilities (Trail Making Test Part B, Set-shift Task). These cognitive domains correlated with OCS severity.ConclusionsOCS in schizophrenia are associated with antiserotonergic SGA treatment, but longitudinal studies have to prove causality. Before starting treatment with antiserotonergic SGAs, specific neurocognitive domains should be evaluated, as visuospatial learning and impulse inhibition performance might allow early detection of OCS secondary to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A study of cognitive function in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with capsulotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feilong Gong ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Shizhen Zhang ◽  
Xinjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Refractory

OBJECTIVEAnterior capsulotomy (AC) is sometimes used as a last resort for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous studies assessing neuropsychological outcomes in patients with OCD have identified several forms of cognitive dysfunction that are associated with the disease, but few have focused on changes in cognitive function in OCD patients who have undergone surgery. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of AC on the cognitive function of patients with treatment-refractory OCD.METHODSThe authors selected 14 patients with treatment-refractory OCD who had undergone bilateral AC between 2007 and 2013, 14 nonsurgically treated OCD patients, and 14 healthy control subjects for this study. The 3 groups were matched for sex, age, and education. Several neuropsychological tests, including Similarities and Block Design, which are subsets of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; Immediate and Delayed Logical Memory and Immediate and Delayed Visual Reproduction, which are subsets of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised; and Corrects, Categories, Perseverative Errors, Nonperseverative Errors, and Errors, subtests of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, were conducted in all 42 subjects at baseline and after AC, after nonsurgical treatment, or at 6-month intervals, as appropriate. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to measure OCD symptoms in all 28 OCD patients.RESULTSThe Y-BOCS scores decreased significantly in both OCD groups during the 12-month follow-up period. Surgical patients showed higher levels of improvement in verbal memory, visual memory, visuospatial skills, and executive function than the nonsurgically treated OCD patients.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study suggest that AC not only reduces OCD symptoms but also attenuates moderate cognitive deficits.

Neurocognitive deficit in first-episode, drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S119
Author(s):  
S.N. Kim ◽  
T.Y. Lee ◽  
Y.B. Yoon ◽  
J.S. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visual Spatial

ObjectiveObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common psychiatric chronic disorders (prevalence 2–3%) and has been associated with various neurocognitive impairment, including visual memory function. Although the relapse rate of OCD is highly considerable, little is known regarding the relationship between neurocognitive dysfunction and the chronicity of the illness, mainly because there are confounding factors as the medication effect. Therefore, we compared the difference of neurocognitive functions of the first-episode, medication-naive OCD patents to chronic, medication-naïve OCD patients.MethodWe defined the first-episode (FEOCD) if the illness duration was less than 3-year by DSM-IV criteria. Twenty-one FEOCD and 28 chronic OCD patients performed Korean version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS), the Trail Making Test (TMT). All the participants were medication-naïve.ResultsThere was no differences in the severity of illness (YBOCS), depressive symptoms (Hamilton depression rating scale), general anxiety symptoms (Hamilton anxiety rating scale). FEOCD group showed significant impairment on the block design subtest of the K-WAIS (P = 0.04, t = 1.294).ConclusionsThese results suggest that visual spatial cognitive dysfunction in patients with OCD may deteriorate as the untreated duration of illness get longer.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Relation between executive functions and polymorphisms in COMT, MAO-A, HTTLPR, SLC1A1 and HT2A in a sample of children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Avila Campos ◽  
María Cristina Pinto Dussan ◽  
Ángela María Polanco Barreto ◽  
Esneyder Manuel Guerrero ◽  
Rafael Antonio Vásquez Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sorting Test

AbstractBackgroundObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology related to multiple neuropsychological factors. OCD is associated with several candidate genes but results are discordant. The objective was to explore the association between five polymorphisms related to neurotransmitters, the risk of an OCD diagnosis and the performance in four executive functions tests done with Colombian patients diagnosed with this condition.Methods63 patients and 65 controls matched by gender and age were genetically analyzed. For the study of the relation between cognitive function and phenotypes, a subsample of 33 patients and 31 controls was used. The Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of London and Trail Making Test (TMT) for executive function assessment were applied and the SNPs analyzed were: COMT (rs4680), MAO-A (rs6323), HTTLPR (rs25531), HT2A (rs6315) and SLC1A1 (rs301434).ResultsDifferences in the conceptualization of the WCST test (p = 0.023) and Stroop interference score (p = 0.041) between cases and controls were obtained. After analyzing the relationship between genotypes and sub-scores of the tests, associations between the presence of MAO-A, SLAC1A1, HTTLPR and HT2A alleles and tests sub-scores were found.DiscussionThis characterization of children with OCD is a new field of work in Colombia and one of the first works performed in Latin America. The sample size and the number of polymorphisms analyzed in this population should be increased.

Executive function performance as neurocognitive differentiating marker between schizophrenia and psychotic depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 433-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rady ◽  
A. Elsheshai ◽  
O. Elkholy ◽  
H. Abou el Wafa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Background and aimSchizophrenia and psychotic depression are two psychiatric disorders sharing in common the presence of psychotic features, delusion, hallucinations or both and severe impairment in occupational functions. Added to that the diagnostic dilemma to differentiate between severe psychomotor retardation, which is not uncommon in psychotic depression, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Our work aims at utilizing Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCST performance as a differentiating diagnostic tool helping in differentiating between both diagnosis.Subjects and methodsPatients are recruited randomly from the outpatient service of Alexandria University Hospitals, three groups are included;Group I patients with psychotic depression,Group II schizophrenic patients andGroup III control group.Patients recruited in both group I and II score 4 or higher on the Clinical Global Impression for Severity CGI-S scale, all participants were subjected to Brief Psychiatric Rating scale and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCST 128 card computerized version.ResultsThe study showed severe impairment in executive functions in all parameters assessed by the WCST including number of administered trials, percentage of errors and perseverative errors as well as failure to maintain categories. Such cognitive dysfunction was significantly more severe in schizophrenia than both other groups. Both schizophrenic and psychotically depressed groups showed poorer performance compared to healthy control.ConclusionPerformance on WCST may be of great help as a differentiating diagnostic tool to distinguish between schizophrenia and psychotic depression.

Neuropsychological Outcome from Psychosurgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Cumming ◽  
Phillipa Hay ◽  
Teresa Lee ◽  
Perminder Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Response Sets

Seventeen obsessive-compulsive disorder patients treated with psychosurgery were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Their performance on neuropsychological testing was compared with that of an age and severity matched sample of 17 OCD sufferers who had not received psychosurgery. The psychosurgery and control groups did not differ in intellectual or memory functioning, consistent with earlier findings that psychosurgery does not reduce global ability estimates. The psychosurgery group performed more poorly than the control group on an adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, demonstrating the possible impact of frontal lobe lesions on the abilities underpinning the formation and shifting of response sets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder in remission

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ali ◽  
Magda Fahmy ◽  
Wafaa Haggag ◽  
Ashraf El-Tantawy ◽  
Haydy Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Cognitive symptoms are one of the core symptoms of depressive disorders with a bearing effect on functional outcomes. Cognitive symptoms, including poor concentration and difficulty making decisions, are one of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. This study was designed to evaluate cognitive deficits in a sample of adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in remission. A cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of MDD in remission state. In addition, 60 normal subjects with matched age, sex, and educational level were compared with the patients group. Participants in both patients and control groups were subjected to clinical assessment using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview plus (MINI-plus), assessment of cognitive functions using Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) short form, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results There were statistically significant differences between patients and control groups regarding cognitive function. The patients group scored less in visual memory, verbal memory, attention/concentration, and psychomotor speed. They also performed poorly regarding executive functions. But there was no statistically significant difference between the patients and control groups regarding sustained attention and visuospatial function. No significant correlations did exist between age at onset of MDD and the duration of illness with different domains of cognitive function except for figural memory of WMS-R and categories completed of Wisconsin card sorting test. Conclusion Patients with MDD in remission experienced deficits in several cognitive functions when compared to matched control subjects. The cognitive functions do not reach normal levels of performance, particularly in visual memory and executive functioning with remission of depressive symptoms.

Do pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder overlap? a neurocognitive perspective

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Hur ◽  
Na young Shin ◽  
Sung Nyun Kim ◽  
Joon Hwan Jang ◽  
Jung-Seok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visual Spatial

ObjectivePathological gambling (PG) is a severe and persistent pattern of problem gambling that has been aligned with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, no study has compared the neurocognitive profiles of individuals with PG and OCD.MethodsWe compared neurocognitive functioning, including executive function, verbal learning and memory, and visual–spatial organization and memory among 16 pathological gamblers, 31 drug-naïve OCD subjects, and 52 healthy controls.ResultsThe only neurocognitive marker common to both groups was increased fragmentation errors on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). The PG subjects showed increased nonperseverative error on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and organization difficulties in the ROCF, whereas the OCD subjects revealed longer response times on the Stroop test and retention difficulties on the immediate recall scale of the ROCF.ConclusionsA more careful approach is required in considering whether PG is a part of the OCD spectrum, as little evidence of neurocognitive overlap between PG and OCD has been reported.

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