Deficient emotional self-regulation and pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family risk analysis

BackgroundAlthough deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research investigates this association and little is known about its etiology. Family studies provide a method of clarifying the co-occurrence of clinical features, but no family studies have yet addressed ADHD and DESR in children.MethodSubjects were 242 children with ADHD and 224 children without ADHD. DESR was operationalized using an aggregate score ⩾180 and <210 in the anxious/depressed, attention and aggression scales (AAA profile) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), termed the CBCL-DESR profile. The CBCL-bipolar (CBCL-BP) profile was defined as ⩾210 on the CBCL-AAA scale. We examined the familial transmission of ADHD and the CBCL-AAA scale in families selected through probands with and without these conditions.ResultsWe found a linear increase in the prevalence of CBCL-DESR in siblings as indexed by the Control, ADHD, ADHD+CBCL-DESR and ADHD+CBCL-BP proband groups. While the ADHD siblings were at elevated risk for both the CBCL-DESR and CBCL-BP compared with non-ADHD siblings, a significantly higher rate of CBCL-BP in the siblings of ADHD+CBCL-BP probands was found compared with siblings of the Control probands.ConclusionsADHD shows the same degree of familial transmission in the presence or absence of DESR. CBCL-DESR and CBCL-BP are familial, but further work is needed to determine if these definitions are distinctly familial or represent a continuum of the same psychopathology.

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Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Family Risk Analysis

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10081172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 168 (6) ◽

pp. 617-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Craig B.H. Surman ◽

Joseph Biederman ◽

Thomas Spencer ◽

Dayna Yorks ◽

Carolyn A. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Family Risk ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Toward Defining Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using the Child Behavior Checklist: A Controlled Study

Postgraduate Medicine ◽

10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2459 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Thomas J. Spencer ◽

Stephen V. Faraone ◽

Craig B. H. Surman ◽

Carter Petty ◽

Allison Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Child Behavior ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates of Performance Monitoring and Development in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10020079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yanni Liu ◽

Gregory L. Hanna ◽

Barbara S. Hanna ◽

Haley E. Rough ◽

Paul D. Arnold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Performance Monitoring ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Developmental Trajectory ◽

Time Variability ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves deficits in performance monitoring and adaptive adjustments. Yet, the developmental trajectory and underlying neural correlates of performance monitoring deficits in youth with ADHD remain poorly understood. To address the gap, this study recruited 77 children and adolescents with ADHD and 77 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8–18 years, who performed an arrow flanker task during electroencephalogram recording. Compared to HC, participants with ADHD responded more slowly and showed larger reaction time variability (RTV) and reduced post-error slowing; they also exhibited reduced error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity effects, and reduced N2 and P3 congruency effects. Age effects were observed across groups: with increasing age, participants responded faster, with less variability, and with increased post-error slowing. They also exhibited increased ERN effects and increased N2 and P3 congruency effects. Increased RTV and reduced P3 amplitude in incongruent trials were associated with increased ADHD Problems Scale scores on the Child Behavior Checklist across groups. The altered behavioral and ERP responses in ADHD are consistent with the pattern associated with younger age across groups. Further research with a longitudinal design may determine specific aspects of developmental alteration and deficits in ADHD during performance monitoring.

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Perpetration of and Victimization in Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Impulsivity, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136872 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6872

Author(s):

Tai-Ling Liu ◽

Ray C. Hsiao ◽

Wen-Jiun Chou ◽

Cheng-Fang Yen

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Traditional Bullying ◽

Frustration Intolerance ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiance

Victimization and perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying are prevalent among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the associations of impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility with victimization and with the perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying in adolescents with ADHD. Self-reported involvement in cyberbullying and traditional bullying was assessed in 195 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. Adolescents also completed questionnaires for impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility. Caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist for adolescents’ ADHD, internalization, oppositional defiance, and problems with conduct. The associations of impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility with victimization and perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying were examined using logistic regression analysis. The results demonstrated that after the effects of demographic characteristics and behavioral problems were controlled for, frustration intolerance increased the risks of being cyberbullying victims and perpetrators whereas hostility increased the risks of being the victims and perpetrators of traditional bullying. Impulsivity was not significantly associated with any type of bullying involvement. Prevention and intervention programs should alleviate frustration intolerance and hostility among adolescents with ADHD.

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Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbidities in a Diverse, Urban Primary Care Setting

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922818787329 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (12) ◽

pp. 1442-1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrea E. Spencer ◽

Natalie Plasencia ◽

Ying Sun ◽

Cara Lucke ◽

Haregnesh Haile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Parent Report ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽

Diagnostic Interviews ◽

English Speaking

We tested the accuracy of 2 parent-report tools, the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-35) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), to identify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and distinguish complex (highly comorbid) cases in an urban, largely Latino pediatric practice. Spanish- and English-speaking parents of children aged 6 to 10 years completed a PSC-35 and CBCL at well visits. Those with CBCL Attention Problems Subscale (CBCL-APS) T scores ≥60 plus controls completed the diagnostic MINI-KID (Miniature International Neuropsychiatric Interview) for Children. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves quantified accuracy of both scales to distinguish ADHD from non-ADHD, and complex from simple ADHD. Two hundred and nine children were screened, and 41 completed diagnostic interviews. Both the CBCL-APS and PSC Attention Scale (PSC-AS) accurately identified ADHD; the CBCL-APS performed best (AUROCCBCL_APS = 0.837; AUROCPSC_AS = 0.728). The PSC Total and Internalizing Scores and the number of CBCL subscale elevations accurately distinguished complex from simple ADHD; the PSC Internalizing Score performed best (AUROCPSC_TOTAL = 0.700; AUROCPSC_INT = 0.817; AUROCCBCL_SUBS = 0.762).

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