scholarly journals Transmission of alcohol use disorder across three generations: a Swedish National Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
H. Ohlsson ◽  
J. Sundquist ◽  
K. Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
National Study ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Child

BackgroundWhile risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is correlated in twins, siblings and parent-offspring pairs, we know little of how this syndrome is transmitted across three generations.MethodWe examined 685 172 individuals born in Sweden from 1980 to 1990 with four grandparents, and both parents alive in 1980. AUD was assessed in all these individuals from nationwide medical, criminal and pharmacy registries.ResultsAUD was stably transmitted across three generations. Parent-child and grandparent-grandchild tetrachoric correlations equaled +0.25 and +0.12, respectively. Grandchild AUD risk did not vary as a function of the sex of the parent or grandparent. However, from grandparents and parents, transmission to grandchildren was stronger in same-sex than opposite-sex pairs. Compared with a grandchild with unaffected parents and grandparents, risk for AUD with a grandparent but no parent affected, a parent but no grandparent affected or both affected increased approximately 70% and 3 and 4-fold, respectively. Grandchildren with ⩾2 grandparents affected had a 40% greater AUD risk than those with only one affected. Tetrachoric correlations for AUD between offspring and great-aunts/uncles, and aunts/uncles equaled +0.06 and +0.13, respectively.ConclusionsThe transmission of AUD in Sweden across three generations is relatively stable. An orderly pattern of resemblance is seen with correlations declining by approximately 50% between first and second, and second and third-degree relatives. While the transmission of risk from affected male and female relatives does not differ, we find consistent evidence for greater resemblance in same-sexv.opposite-sex across generational pairs of relatives.

Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

scholarly journals Access to Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder at US Health Centers: a National Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2040-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bearnot ◽  
Nancy A. Rigotti ◽  
Travis P. Baggett
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
National Study ◽  
Access To Treatment

Does Incest Cause Homosexuality?

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cameron ◽  
Kirk Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Male Homosexuals ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

A random sample of 5,182 adults from 6 U.S. metropolitan areas were questioned about incestuous sexual relationships during childhood. Incest was disproportionately reported by both male and female bisexuals and homosexuals. 148 gays (7.7% of the sample) reported 14 (50%) of same-sex, and 7 (22%) of opposite-sex incestuous experiences, and 20 (69%) of same-sex and 2 (3%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 88 lesbians (3% of the sample) reported 2 (33%) of same-sex incest and 7 (9%) of opposite-sex incest and 1 (17%) of same-sex and 10 (13%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 12% of 98 male homosexuals vs 0.8% of 1,224 male heterosexuals with a brother reported brother-brother incest. These findings are consonant with those of other studies in which disproportionately more incest by homosexuals was reported. As opposed to an evolutionary genetic hypothesis, these data support the alternative that homosexuality may be learned, since homosexuals do not produce children at sustainable levels and the incidence of homosexuality varies as a function of various social factors. Incest cannot be excluded as a significant basis for homosexuality.

Familiarity and gender influence social preferences in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Courtney DeVries ◽  
Camron L. Johnson ◽  
C. Sue Carter
Keyword(s):  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Preferences ◽  
Opposite Sex

The physiological mechanisms influencing group cohesion and social preferences are largely unstudied in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). In nature, prairie vole family groups usually consist of an adult male and female breeding pair, one or more litters of their offspring, and occasionally unrelated adults. Pair bonds, defined by heterosexual preferences, develop in male and female prairie voles following cohabitation or mating. However, social preferences between members of the same sex also may be important to the maintenance of communal groups. In the present study we compared the development of social preferences for conspecific strangers of the same sex versus preferences for the opposite sex, and examined the effect of the gonadal status of the stimulus animal on initial social preference. The present study revealed that reproductively naive males, but not females, showed initial preferences for partners of the opposite sex. In both sexes preferences for the opposite sex were not influenced by the presence or absence of gonadal hormones. Heterosexual and same-sex preferences for a familiar individual formed following 24 h of nonsexual cohabitation in both males and females. Male and female same-sex preferences, however, were no longer stable when the stranger in the preference test was of the opposite sex to the experimental animal. The development of same-sex preferences may help to maintain group cohesion, but same-sex preferences formed by cohabitation do not withstand the challenge of an opposite-sex stranger.

scholarly journals Kajian Teologis Terhadap Lesbian di Lembang Perindingan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Sirangki
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
In The Beginning

God created man in His image and likeness. This means that humans have a resemblance to their creator. When God created man the Bible clearly says that in the beginning God only created man, male and female. Then God made man as his mandate on earth in order to develop and conquer the earth. However, recently there has been an issue about LGBT, especially lesbians, who are pro and contra in the community. For some people there are those who accept the lesbian behavior and there are also those who reject the behavior. Such behavior is not only carried out by non-Christian people but such behavior has also been carried out by those who have held the status of believers in God, even though the Bible clearly opposes such behavior because it is contrary to God's purpose and purpose in creating humans as male and female. female. On that basis it can be said that those who become lesbian perpetrators are not only against their human nature but also against God's decree. Humans can only fulfill God's purpose of creating them in being mandatory over the whole creation if humans have contact with the opposite sex instead of the same sex.

scholarly journals Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Alcohol Use In Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqul Haq Mazumder ◽  
Jennifer Barnett ◽  
Nina Lindberg ◽  
Minna Torniainen-Holm ◽  
Markku Lähteenvuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Male And Female

Purpose of the study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking, binge drinking and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Cognitive deficits are common in schizophrenia. Alcohol might be associated with additional cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. The study population included 3362 schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients in Finland. Hazardous drinking was screened with the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption) screening tool. Binge drinking was obtained from the AUDIT-C. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses were obtained from the national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge automated neuropsychological test battery (CANTAB) on tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), or, reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. Association of alcohol use with RT test and PAL test was analyzed with log-linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. After adjustment for age, education and age at first psychotic episode, hazardous drinking in females was associated with lower median RT. Compared to never binge drinkers, male and female participants drinking 6 or more doses of alcohol monthly or less had lower median RT. In the PAL test both first trial memory score (FTMS) and total errors adjusted score (TEAS) were associated with better performance in males drinking 6 or more doses of alcohol weekly or more and in females drinking 6 or more doses monthly or less. Higher PAL TEAS was associated with AUD in females Some positive associations between alcohol and cognition were found in male and female schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with hazardous drinking and binge drinking.

Self-Disclosure Patterns among Adolescents

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Rivenbark
Keyword(s):  
Late Childhood ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Female Peer ◽  
Disclosure Patterns

The purpose of this research was to investigate self-disclosure behavior in the late childhood and adolescent years. 149 Ss in Grades 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 were administered a modified form of Jourard's self-disclosure questionnaire. It was observed, as hypothesized, that girls disclose more than boys, disclosure to peer targets increases with age, mothers are favored over fathers as disclosure targets, and same-sex peers are disclosed to more than those of the opposite sex. Disclosure difference between boys and girls increased with age only for disclosure to parents. No difference in over-all disclosure to male and female peer targets was observed.

scholarly journals The Association Between Alcohol Consumption, Lifetime Alcohol Use Disorder, and Psychiatric Distress Among Male and Female Veterans

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Wilson ◽  
Thomas K. Burroughs ◽  
Amie R. Newins ◽  
Eric A. Dedert ◽  
Alyssa M. Medenblik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Female Veterans ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Psychiatric Distress

Effects of Sex of Subject, Sex of Interrupter, and Topic of Conversation on the Perceptions of Interruptions

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Chambliss ◽  
Norah Feeny
Keyword(s):  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Subject

This study examined how interruptions (violations in turn taking) are perceived and whether perceptions of interrupters vary by sex of the interrupter, sex of the subject, and the topic (stereotypical male and female topics) of a conversation. Subjects listened to a 21/2-min. audiotape of a conversation and rated the conversants on masculinity, femininity, traditionality, assertiveness, and sociability. Subjects also responded, with ratings, to seven statements related to the conversation and the feelings of the conversants toward one another. Analysis indicated that sex of the subject significantly affects perceptions of the interruption. Regardless of the sex of the interrupter and the topic of the conversation, men had more positive attitudes toward the interrupting than the women. Both sexes rated same sex interrupters more negatively than those of the opposite sex.

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