Does Incest Cause Homosexuality?

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cameron ◽  
Kirk Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Male Homosexuals ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

A random sample of 5,182 adults from 6 U.S. metropolitan areas were questioned about incestuous sexual relationships during childhood. Incest was disproportionately reported by both male and female bisexuals and homosexuals. 148 gays (7.7% of the sample) reported 14 (50%) of same-sex, and 7 (22%) of opposite-sex incestuous experiences, and 20 (69%) of same-sex and 2 (3%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 88 lesbians (3% of the sample) reported 2 (33%) of same-sex incest and 7 (9%) of opposite-sex incest and 1 (17%) of same-sex and 10 (13%) of opposite-sex sexual experiences with other relatives. 12% of 98 male homosexuals vs 0.8% of 1,224 male heterosexuals with a brother reported brother-brother incest. These findings are consonant with those of other studies in which disproportionately more incest by homosexuals was reported. As opposed to an evolutionary genetic hypothesis, these data support the alternative that homosexuality may be learned, since homosexuals do not produce children at sustainable levels and the incidence of homosexuality varies as a function of various social factors. Incest cannot be excluded as a significant basis for homosexuality.

Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

Familiarity and gender influence social preferences in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Courtney DeVries ◽  
Camron L. Johnson ◽  
C. Sue Carter
Keyword(s):  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Preferences ◽  
Opposite Sex

The physiological mechanisms influencing group cohesion and social preferences are largely unstudied in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). In nature, prairie vole family groups usually consist of an adult male and female breeding pair, one or more litters of their offspring, and occasionally unrelated adults. Pair bonds, defined by heterosexual preferences, develop in male and female prairie voles following cohabitation or mating. However, social preferences between members of the same sex also may be important to the maintenance of communal groups. In the present study we compared the development of social preferences for conspecific strangers of the same sex versus preferences for the opposite sex, and examined the effect of the gonadal status of the stimulus animal on initial social preference. The present study revealed that reproductively naive males, but not females, showed initial preferences for partners of the opposite sex. In both sexes preferences for the opposite sex were not influenced by the presence or absence of gonadal hormones. Heterosexual and same-sex preferences for a familiar individual formed following 24 h of nonsexual cohabitation in both males and females. Male and female same-sex preferences, however, were no longer stable when the stranger in the preference test was of the opposite sex to the experimental animal. The development of same-sex preferences may help to maintain group cohesion, but same-sex preferences formed by cohabitation do not withstand the challenge of an opposite-sex stranger.

scholarly journals Kajian Teologis Terhadap Lesbian di Lembang Perindingan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Sirangki
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
In The Beginning

God created man in His image and likeness. This means that humans have a resemblance to their creator. When God created man the Bible clearly says that in the beginning God only created man, male and female. Then God made man as his mandate on earth in order to develop and conquer the earth. However, recently there has been an issue about LGBT, especially lesbians, who are pro and contra in the community. For some people there are those who accept the lesbian behavior and there are also those who reject the behavior. Such behavior is not only carried out by non-Christian people but such behavior has also been carried out by those who have held the status of believers in God, even though the Bible clearly opposes such behavior because it is contrary to God's purpose and purpose in creating humans as male and female. female. On that basis it can be said that those who become lesbian perpetrators are not only against their human nature but also against God's decree. Humans can only fulfill God's purpose of creating them in being mandatory over the whole creation if humans have contact with the opposite sex instead of the same sex.

Gender Belief Systems: Homosexuality and the Implicit Inversion Theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Kite ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inversion Model ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Inversion Theory ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Gender Belief ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Male Homosexuals

Beliefs about the characteristics of male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals were assessed to determine the degree to which stereotypes of homosexuals are consistent with the inversion model proposed by Freud (1905) and others, i.e., the assumption that homosexuals are similar to the opposite-sex heterosexual. Results showed that people do subscribe to an implicit inversion theory wherein male homosexuals are believed to be similar to female heterosexuals, and female homosexuals are believed to be similar to male heterosexuals. These results offer additional support for a bipolar model of gender stereotyping, in which masculinity and femininity are assumed to be in opposition.

Self-Disclosure Patterns among Adolescents

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Rivenbark
Keyword(s):  
Late Childhood ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Female Peer ◽  
Disclosure Patterns

The purpose of this research was to investigate self-disclosure behavior in the late childhood and adolescent years. 149 Ss in Grades 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 were administered a modified form of Jourard's self-disclosure questionnaire. It was observed, as hypothesized, that girls disclose more than boys, disclosure to peer targets increases with age, mothers are favored over fathers as disclosure targets, and same-sex peers are disclosed to more than those of the opposite sex. Disclosure difference between boys and girls increased with age only for disclosure to parents. No difference in over-all disclosure to male and female peer targets was observed.

Effects of Sex of Subject, Sex of Interrupter, and Topic of Conversation on the Perceptions of Interruptions

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Chambliss ◽  
Norah Feeny
Keyword(s):  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Subject

This study examined how interruptions (violations in turn taking) are perceived and whether perceptions of interrupters vary by sex of the interrupter, sex of the subject, and the topic (stereotypical male and female topics) of a conversation. Subjects listened to a 21/2-min. audiotape of a conversation and rated the conversants on masculinity, femininity, traditionality, assertiveness, and sociability. Subjects also responded, with ratings, to seven statements related to the conversation and the feelings of the conversants toward one another. Analysis indicated that sex of the subject significantly affects perceptions of the interruption. Regardless of the sex of the interrupter and the topic of the conversation, men had more positive attitudes toward the interrupting than the women. Both sexes rated same sex interrupters more negatively than those of the opposite sex.

Experimental Alteration of the it Scale in the Study of Sex-Role Preference

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max R. Reed ◽  
Willotta Asbjornsen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Stimulus Figure ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Preference Behavior ◽  
Role Preference ◽  
Experimental Alteration ◽  
Opposite Sex

The study explored some assumptions underlying Brown's It Scale and employed an altered administration of the scale to investigate sex-role-preference behavior in 50 boys and 48 girls of preschool age. Ss judged the sex status of Brown's It figure and Hogan's analogous Somebody figure. Neither figure was seen as ambiguous. The second part of the study employed stimulus figures for the It Scale which Ss had unambiguously designed male and female. The results disagreed with some previous findings. Preschool girls (a) equalled boys in making appropriate sex-role preference choices for a same-sex stimulus figure, (b) made more choices than boys of an opposite-sex stimulus figure, and (c) showed increased frequency of choices with age on the same task for both same- and opposite-sex figures, while boys showed no such change.

biological and psychosocial determinants of male and female human sexual orientation

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
william h. james
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Male Homosexuals

some propositions on male and female sexual orientation will be considered. some of these are established; others are more speculative. the aim is to offer some notes towards a coherent, comprehensive theory of sexual orientation. 1. the distinction between butch and femme lesbians seems real rather than a social construct. 2. high levels of prenatal steroid hormones seem to be causally associated with the sexual orientation of butch lesbians. however it is not established whether the causal process operates prenatally or postnatally (or both). this is so because prenatal hormone levels are thought to correlate positively with postnatal hormone levels. and high postnatal hormone levels may facilitate homosexual behaviour as a consequence of sensation-seeking. 3. male bisexuals also are interpreted to have been exposed to high prenatal testosterone levels. but (for reasons similar to those outlined above in regard to butch lesbians) it is unclear whether these have a direct prenatal effect on the brain or whether they are precursors of high postnatal testosterone levels, which are associated with male bisexual orientation by promoting sensation-seeking behaviour. 4. postnatal learning processes seem to be causally involved in the sexual orientation of some femme lesbians and some exclusive male homosexuals. 5. some homosexual men have genes that predispose to their sexual orientation. 6. the same may apply to some lesbians, but such genes have not, as far as i know, been identified. 7. people (of both sexes) who engage in same-sex sexual behaviour may be classified simultaneously in two ways, viz (1) ‘active’ vs ‘passive’ and (2) those who do and those who do not engage (or consider engaging) in sex with members of the opposite sex. ex hypothesi, some of the ‘active’ ones initiate some of the ‘passive’ ones. the active ones are driven more by hormones and the passive ones by psychosocial factors. the active males contain a substantial proportion of self-identified bisexuals; and the active females a substantial proportion of self-identified butches. 8. these two active categories (butch lesbians and male bisexuals) share a number of endocrinological, psychological, morphological and behavioural features vis-à-vis their exclusively homosexual and heterosexual peers. methods of testing some of these ideas are presented.

College Students' Perception of Lecturers Using Humor

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Tamborini ◽  
Dolf Zillmann
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Female Professor ◽  
Female Subjects

Humor use in an audio-taped lecture by a male or female professor was varied to produce versions with (a) no humor, (b) sexual humor, (c) other-disparaging humor, and (d) self-disparaging humor. After exposure to the lecture materials, male and female subjects' perception of the lecturer's intelligence and appeal was assessed. On measures of appeal, significant transverse interactions between sex of speaker and sex of respondent were obtained for both sexual and self-disparaging humor. Effects were in opposite directions, however, for these two types of humor. The use of self-disparaging humor led to higher ratings of appeal when speaker and respondent were of the same sex. In contrast, the use of sexual humor led to higher ratings of appeal when speaker and respondent were of opposite sex. The variations in humor had no appreciable effect on the perception of the lecturer's intelligence.

The Motive to Avoid Success: Exploring the Nature of the Fear

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Kazdin Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Personality Variable ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of Horner's (1968) measure of fear of success to the perception of interpersonal relationships is investigated in five samples of male and female college students. In addition to Horner's cue, the different samples wrote stories to a variety of cues describing aspects of same-sex and opposite-sex friendships. Fear-of-success subjects of both sexes significantly more often described dangers, as opposed to pleasures, in opposite-sex relationships. Fear-of-success female subjects significantly more often described same-sex disagreements as destructive of friendships. Results are discussed in terms of sex similarities and differences; the usefulness of fear of success as a cross-sex personality variable is explored.

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