scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1057-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Angelakis ◽  
Emma Louise Gillespie ◽  
Maria Panagioti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types

AbstractThis comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the association between different types of childhood maltreatment and suicidality. We searched five bibliographic databases, including Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, until January 2018. Random-effects meta-analysis was employed followed by univariable and multivariable meta-regressions. Heterogeneity was quantified using theI2statistic and formal publication bias tests were undertaken. The methodological quality of the studies was critically appraised and accounted in the meta-regression analyses. Data from 68 studies based onn= 261.660 adults were pooled. All different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Similar results were found for the association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation. Complex childhood abuse was associated with a particularly high risk for suicide attempts in adults (OR 5.18, 95% CI 2.52–10.63). Variations across the studies in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and other core methodological factors did not affect the findings of the main analyses. We conclude that there is solid evidence that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased odds for suicidality in adults. The main outstanding challenge is to better understand the mechanisms which underpin the development of suicidality in people exposed to childhood maltreatment because current evidence is scarce.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment: Brief Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Amanda Plácido da Silva Macêdo ◽  
Monnic Maria Lóssio Rocha Maia ◽  
Izadora De Sousa Pereira ◽  
Thânia Maria Rodrigues Figueiredo ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk

Child maltreatment has serious consequences, including increasing an individual's risk of physical and mental health problems across their life course. Objective: Here we show that there  is an important public health message to focus, not only on approaches that prevent or detect childhood maltreatment, but also to explore methods of prevention and detection of mental ill health. Results: The study Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis (2019) showed that all different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Conclusion: It is important to highlight emotional violence may actually be more powerful than physical and sexual abuse in its impact on adolescent suicide behaviors in low- and middle-income countries. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Mental Health; Prevention.

scholarly journals T126. PSYCHIATRIC PREDICTORS FOR BECOMING HOMELESS AND EXITING HOMELESSNESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S278-S278
Author(s):  
Sandra Nilsson ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Carsten Hjorthøj
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Homelessness is an increasing societal problem in high-income countries and often linked to psychiatric disorders. However, a study compiling the existing literature is lacking. The aim was to identify individual-level predictors for becoming homeless and exiting homelessness in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (up to January 2018). Becoming homeless and exiting homelessness were the outcomes. Observational studies with comparison groups from high-income countries were included. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for bias assessment. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). In all, 116 studies of predictors for becoming homeless and 18 for exiting homelessness were included. Results Psychiatric problems, especially drug use problems (OR 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–5.1) and suicide attempts (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1–6.3) were associated with increased risk of homelessness. However, the heterogeneity was substantial in most analyses (I2>90%), and the estimates should be interpreted cautiously. Adverse life-events, including childhood abuse and foster care experiences, and past incarceration were also important predictors of homelessness. Psychotic problems (95% CI 0.4, 0.2–0.8; I2=0) and drug use problems (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9; I=0) reduced the chances for exiting homelessness. Female sex and having a partner increased the changes of exiting homelessness. Discussion Evidence for several psychiatric predictors for becoming homeless and exiting homelessness was identified. Additionally, socio-demographic factors, adverse life-events, and criminal behavior were important factors. There is a need for more focus on psychiatric vulnerabilities and early intervention to reduce the risk of homelessness.

scholarly journals Diaphragmatic herniation after esophagogastric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Bona ◽  
Francesca Lombardo ◽  
Kazuhide Matsushima ◽  
Marta Cavalli ◽  
Valerio Panizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Esophageal Hiatus ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Esophagogastric Surgery

Abstract Introduction The anatomy of the esophageal hiatus is altered during esophagogastric surgery with an increased risk of postoperative hiatus hernia (HH). The purpose of this article was to examine the current evidence on the surgical management and outcomes associated with HH after esophagogastric surgery for cancer. Materials and methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE data sets were consulted. Results Twenty-seven studies were included for a total of 404 patients requiring surgical treatment for HH after esophagogastric surgery. The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 85 years, and the majority were males (82.3%). Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and dyspnea were the commonly reported symptoms. An emergency repair was required in 51.5%, while a minimally invasive repair was performed in 48.5%. Simple suture cruroplasty and mesh reinforced repair were performed in 65% and 35% of patients, respectively. The duration between the index procedure and HH repair ranged from 3 to 144 months, with the majority (67%) occurring within 24 months. The estimated pooled prevalence rates of pulmonary complications, anastomotic leak, overall morbidity, and mortality were 14.1% (95% CI = 8.0–22.0%), 1.4% (95% CI = 0.8–2.2%), 35% (95% CI = 20.0–54.0%), and 5.0% (95% CI = 3.0–8.0%), respectively. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 to 110 months (mean = 24) and the pooled prevalence of HH recurrence was 16% (95% CI = 13.0–21.6%). Conclusions Current evidence reporting data for HH after esophagogastric surgery is narrow. The overall postoperative pulmonary complications, overall morbidity, and mortality are 14%, 35%, and 5%, respectively. Additional studies are required to define indications and treatment algorithm and evaluate the best technique for crural repair at the index operation in an attempt to minimize the risk of HH.

scholarly journals Primary versus secondary tracheoesophageal puncture: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Chakravarty ◽  
A E L McMurran ◽  
A Banigo ◽  
M Shakeel ◽  
K W Ah-See
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Voice Rehabilitation ◽  
Pharyngocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Voice Restoration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Puncture

AbstractBackground:Tracheoesophageal puncture represents the ‘gold standard’ for voice restoration following laryngectomy. Tracheoesophageal puncture can be undertaken primarily during laryngectomy or in a separate secondary procedure. There is no current consensus on which approach is superior. The current evidence comparing primary and secondary tracheoesophageal puncture was assessed.Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles comparing outcomes for primary and secondary tracheoesophageal puncture after laryngectomy were conducted. Outcome measures were: voice success, overall complication rate and pharyngocutaneous fistula rate.Results:Eleven case series met the inclusion criteria, two prospective and nine retrospective. Meta-analysis did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in overall complication rate or voice outcomes, though it suggested a significantly increased risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula in primary compared to secondary tracheoesophageal puncture.Conclusion:Primary tracheoesophageal puncture is a safe and efficient approach for voice rehabilitation. However, secondary tracheoesophageal puncture should be preferred where there is a higher risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula.

scholarly journals Comparative safety of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e022577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R Donnan ◽  
Catherine A Grandy ◽  
Eugene Chibrikov ◽  
Carlo A Marra ◽  
Kris Aubrey-Bassler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between the use of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and postmarket harms as identified by drug regulatory agencies.DesignWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT). Six large databases were searched from inception to May 2018. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs).InterventionSGLT2 inhibitors, compared with placebo or active comparators.Primary outcomesAcute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), urinary tract infections (UTI), bone fractures and lower limb amputations.ResultsWe screened 2418 citations of which 109 were included. Most studies included one of four SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin and ipragliflozin. When compared with placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors were found to be significantly protective against AKI (RR=0.59; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.89; I2=0.0%), while no difference was found for DKA (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.45, I2=0.0%), UTI (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.09, I2=0.0%) or bone fracture (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.09, I2=1.3%). Three studies reported on amputation, with one finding a significant increase risk. No increased risk for either outcome was found when compared with active controls. Subgroup analysis did show an increased risk of UTI with dapagliflozin only (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.43, I2=0.0%), but no other analysis supported an increased risk of AKI, DKA, UTI or fracture.ConclusionsCurrent evidence from RCTs does not suggest an increased risk of harm with SGLT2 inhibitors as a class over placebo or active comparators with respect to AKI, DKA, UTI or fracture. However, wide CIs for many comparisons suggest limited precision, and therefore clinically important adverse events cannot be ruled out. Dapagliflozin, appears to independently increase the risk of UTI, although the mechanism for this intraclass variation in risk is unclear.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016038715.

scholarly journals Characterizing the phenomenology of passive suicidal ideation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, correlates, and comparisons with active suicidal ideation

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Liu ◽  
Alexandra H. Bettis ◽  
Taylor A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Clinical Phenomenon

AbstractBackgroundCompared to active ideation, passive ideation remains relatively understudied and its clinical importance poorly defined. The weight that should be accorded passive ideation in clinical risk assessment is therefore unclear.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of passive ideation, its psychiatric comorbidity, associated sociodemographic characteristics, as well as psychological and environmental correlates. For reference, pooled effects were also calculated for direct comparisons of passive and active ideation with respect to potential correlates. Relevant articles published since inception to 9 September 2019 were identified through a systematic search of MEDLINE and PsycINFO.ResultsA total of 86 studies were included in this review. The prevalence of passive ideation was high across sample types, ranging from 5.8% for 1-year prevalence to 10.6% for lifetime prevalence in the general population. Passive ideation was strongly associated with sexual minority status, psychiatric comorbidity, psychological characteristics implicated in risk, and suicide attempts. Preliminary evidence exists for a large association with suicide deaths. The effect sizes for individual correlates of passive and active ideation were largely equivalent and mostly non-significant in head-to-head comparisons.ConclusionsPassive ideation is a prevalent clinical phenomenon associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity. Current evidence also suggests notable similarities exist between passive and active ideation in terms of psychiatric comorbidity and psychological and other characteristics traditionally associated with risk.

scholarly journals Migraine, migraine aura, and cervical artery dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cephalalgia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M Rist ◽  
Hans-Christoph Diener ◽  
Tobias Kurth ◽  
Markus Schürks
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Cervical Artery Dissection ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cervical Artery

Objective: We evaluated the current evidence on the association between migraine, including aura status, and cervical artery dissection. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the association between migraine or migraine subtypes (e.g. migraine with aura) and cervical artery dissection published through October 2010. Results: We identified five case-control studies investigating the association between migraine and cervical artery dissection. In pooled analysis, migraine doubled the risk of cervical artery dissection (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–3.19). All studies allowed evaluation of migraine aura status. While the effect estimate for migraine without aura (pooled OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.10) was similar to overall migraine, the association was weaker for migraine with aura (pooled OR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.76–2.96). However, there is no evidence that aura status significantly modifies the association between migraine and cervical artery dissection (meta-regression on aura status p = .58). The risk does not appear to differ between women and men; however, only few studies presented gender-specific data. Heterogeneity among studies was low to moderate. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis migraine is associated with a two-fold increased risk of cervical artery dissection. This risk does not appear to significantly differ by migraine aura status or gender.

scholarly journals 1388Risk factors for chronic cough in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Jennifer Perret ◽  
Anne Chang ◽  
Nur Idrose ◽  
Dinh Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Background Despite the challenges of diagnosing and managing adult patients with chronic cough, a systematic synthesis of evidence on aetiological risk factor is lacking. Methods We systematically searched PUBMED and EMBASE to synthesize the current evidence for longitudinal associations between various risk factors and chronic cough in the general adult population, following the meta-analysis of observation studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was conducted where appropriate. Results Of 26 eligible articles, 16 domains of risk factors were assessed. There was consistent evidence that asthma (pooled adjusted OR (aOR) = 3.01; 95%CI: 2.33-3.70; I2=0%, number of articles (N)=3) and low education levels/socioeconomic status (SES) (pooled aOR=1.46; 95%CI: 1.20-1.72; I2=0%; N = 3) were associated with an increased risk of chronic cough after adjusting for smoking and other confounders. While continuous smoking was associated chronic cough (aOR =1.81; 95%CI: 1.36,2.26; I2=57%; N = 3), there was too little evidence to draw conclusions for occupational exposures, outdoor air pollution, early-life exposures, diet, snoring and other chronic conditions. Conclusions Asthma, persistent smoking and lower education/SES were associated with increased risk of chronic cough. Longitudinal associations between other factors frequently mentioned empirically need further investigation. Key messages Our systematic review found asthma, smoking and lower education to be associated with adult chronic cough. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand other potential risk factors for adult chronic cough.

scholarly journals How effective are digital interventions in increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women? A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Parsons ◽  
Helen Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Pregnant women and their unborn babies are at increased risk of complications as a result of flu, yet uptake of the flu vaccination in the UK remains low. Digital interventions have proven effectiveness in changing health behaviour, but their effectiveness in increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women has not been examined. This protocol details the design and methodology of a systematic review and meta-analysis, examining the effectiveness of digital interventions in increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women. Methods Bibliographic databases will be searched using appropriate search terms related to vaccination, pregnancy and flu. Randomised, non-randomised, quasi randomised controlled trials and other quantitative study designs will be eligible for inclusion, and studies will present the rate of flu vaccination amongst pregnant women of digital interventions compared to non-digital interventions, or usual care. No date or study country restrictions will be put on included studies, but studies will be published in English. Discussion This is the first known systematic review to examine the effectiveness of digital interventions in increasing the rate of flu vaccination amongst pregnant women. This review has the potential to inform whether digital interventions are an appropriate and successful method of increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women, and to determine which mode of digital intervention is most effective. Registration This systematic review is registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Registration number to follow.

scholarly journals How effective are digital interventions in increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women? A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Parsons ◽  
Helen Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: Pregnant women and their unborn babies are at increased risk of complications as a result of flu, yet uptake of the flu vaccination in the UK remains low. Digital interventions have proven effectiveness in changing health behaviour, but their effectiveness in increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women has not been examined. This protocol details the design and methodology of a systematic review and meta-analysis, examining the effectiveness of digital interventions in increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women.Methods: Bibliographic databases will be searched using appropriate search terms related to vaccination, pregnancy and flu. Randomised, non-randomised, quasi randomised controlled trials and other quantitative study designs will be eligible for inclusion, and studies will present the rate of flu vaccination amongst pregnant women of digital interventions compared to non-digital interventions, or usual care. No date or study country restrictions will be put on included studies, but studies will be published in English. Discussion: This is the first known systematic review to examine the effectiveness of digital interventions in increasing the rate of flu vaccination amongst pregnant women. This review has the potential to inform whether digital interventions are an appropriate and successful method of increasing flu vaccination amongst pregnant women, and to determine which mode of digital intervention is most effective.Registration: This systematic review is registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Registration number: INSERT NUMBER.

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