scholarly journals Condensed Internet-delivered prolonged exposure provided soon after trauma: a randomised trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maria Bragesjö ◽  
Filip K. Arnberg ◽  
Klara Olofsdotter Lauri ◽  
Kristina Aspvall ◽  
Josefin Särnholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Exposure to trauma is common and can have a profoundly negative impact on mental health. Interventions based on trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy have shown promising results to facilitate recovery. The current trial evaluated whether a novel, scalable and digital early version of the intervention, Condensed Internet-Delivered Prolonged Exposure (CIPE), is effective in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Method A single-site randomised controlled trial with self-referred adults (N = 102) exposed to trauma within the last 2 months. The participants were randomised to 3 weeks of CIPE or a waiting list (WL) for 7 weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 1–3 (primary endpoint), week 4–7 (secondary endpoint) and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Results The main analysis according to the intention-to-treat principle indicated statistically significant reductions in symptoms of post-traumatic stress in the CIPE group as compared to the WL group. The between-group effect size was moderate at week 3 (bootstrapped d = 0.70; 95% CI 0.33–1.06) and large at week 7 (bootstrapped d = 0.83; 95% CI 0.46–1.19). Results in the intervention group were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. No severe adverse events were found. Conclusions CIPE is a scalable intervention that may confer early benefits on post-traumatic stress symptoms in survivors of trauma. The next step is to compare this intervention to an active control group and also investigate its effects when implemented in regular care.

scholarly journals Testimony method to ameliorate post-traumatic stress symptoms

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Igreja ◽  
Wim C. Kleijn ◽  
Bas J. N. Schreuder ◽  
Janie A. Van Dijk ◽  
Margot Verschuur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Positive Intervention

BackgroundThe effectiveness of the testimony method has not been established in rural communities with survivors of prolonged civil war.AimsTo examine the effectiveness and feasibility of a testimony method to ameliorate post-traumatic stress symptoms.MethodParticipants (n=206) belonged to former war zones in Mozambique. They were divided into a case (n= 137) and a non-case group (n=69). The case group was randomly divided into an intervention (n=66) and a control group (n=71). Symptoms were measured during baseline assessment, post-intervention and at an 11-month follow-up.ResultsPost-intervention measurements demonstrated significant symptom reduction in both the intervention and the control group. No significant differences were found between the intervention and the control group. Follow-up measurements showed sustained lower levels of symptoms in both groups, and some indications of a positive intervention effect in women.ConclusionsA remarkable drop in symptoms could not be linked directly to the intervention. Feasibility of the intervention was good, but controlling the intervention in a small rural community appeared to be a difficult task to accomplish.

scholarly journals Using a Biopsychosocial Approach to Examine Differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Arab and Jewish Israeli Mothers Following A Child’s Traumatic Medical Event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sewar Hussien ◽  
Yaara Sadeh ◽  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Efrat Shadmi ◽  
Amichai Brezner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychosocial Assessment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Medical Event ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background: Parents of children following a traumatic medical event (TME) are known to be at high risk for developing severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Findings on the negative impact of TMEs on parents’ PTSS have been described in different cultures and societies worldwide. However, in some cases, a specific ethnic group may also be a minority within a given region or a country, contributing to increased risk for parental PTSS following a child’s TME.Objectives: The current study aimed to examine differences in PTSS between Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Jewish mothers, following a child’s TME. More specifically, we aimed to examine the risk and protective factors affecting mother’s PTSS from a biopsychosocial approach.Methods: Data were collected from medical files of children following TMEs, hospitalized in a pediatric rehabilitation department, during the period 2008–2018. The sample included 47 Israeli-Arab mothers and 47 Israeli-Jewish mothers. Mothers completed the psychosocial assessment tool (PAT), the post-traumatic diagnostic scale (PDS).Results: Arab mothers self-reported significantly higher levels of PTSS than their Jewish counterparts. Further, Arab mothers perceived having more social support than Jewish mothers did. Finally, our prediction model indicated that both Arab ethnicity and pre-trauma family problems predicted higher levels of PTSS among mothers of children following TMEs.Conclusions: Focusing on ethnic and cultural effects following a child’s TME may help improve our understanding of the mental health needs of mothers from different minority ethnic groups and aid in developing appropriate health services and targeted interventions for this population.

Prolonged Exposure to Political Violence and the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Palestinian Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-220
Author(s):  
Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia ◽  
Charles W. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the relationship between prolonged exposure to political violence (EPV) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among Palestinian adolescents. It also examines the moderating effect of participants’ age, gender, and parental socialization styles on the relationship between EPV and PTSS. A systematic cluster random sample of 2,934 Palestinian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem responded to self-administered questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive relationship between levels of EPV and of PTSS. Girls showed higher levels of PTSS than boys. Hostile and rejecting parenting styles, strict discipline, and negative evaluation from parents correlated positively with high PTSS, whereas intimate and loving parenting correlated with low levels of PTSS, supporting the hypotheses presented here. The chapter discusses the importance of intimate and loving parenting styles as a possible protective factor for mitigating the effects of political violence on children.

scholarly journals Prolonged exposure therapy and supportive counselling for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents: task-shifting randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaco Rossouw ◽  
Elna Yadin ◽  
Debra Alexander ◽  
Soraya Seedat
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Supportive Counselling ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Symptom Severity

BackgroundEmpirical evidence on the effectiveness of evidence-based treatments for adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is needed.AimsTo evaluate the comparative effectiveness of prolonged exposure and supportive counselling in adolescents with PTSD.MethodSixty-three adolescents (13–18 years) with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive either of the interventions comprising 7–14 sessions of treatment (trial registration in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201511001345372). The primary outcome measure was PTSD symptom severity, as independently assessed on the Child PTSD Symptom Scale at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.ResultsParticipants receiving prolonged exposure experienced greater improvement on the PTSD symptom severity scale than those receiving supportive counselling (between group differences at post-intervention, mean 12.49, 95% CI 6.82–18.17, P<0.001; d = 1.22). A similar effect size was maintained at 3-month (d = 0.85) and 6-month (d = 1.02) follow-up assessments.ConclusionsAdolescents with PTSD experienced greater benefit from prolonged exposure treatment when provided by non-specialist health workers (nurses) in a community setting.Declaration of interestNone.

Short-term follow-up of post-traumatic stress symptoms in motor vehicle accident victims

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Blanchard ◽  
Edward J. Hickling ◽  
Alisa J. Vollmer ◽  
Warren R. Loos ◽  
Todd C. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Hospital workers mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: methods of data collection and characteristics of study sample in a university hospital in Milan (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fattori ◽  
F Cantù ◽  
A Comotti ◽  
V Tombola ◽  
E Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychological Impairment

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a severe challenge for healthcare workers, with a considerable impact on their mental health. In order to focus preventive and rehabilitation measures it’s fundamental to identify risk factors of such psychological impairment. We designed an observational longitudinal study to systematically examine the psychological wellbeing of all employees in a large University Hospital in Italy, using validated psychometric scales in the context of the occupational physician’s health surveillance, in collaboration with Psychiatric Unit. Methods The study started after ethical approval in August 2020. For each worker, the psychological wellbeing is screened in two steps. The first level questionnaire collects sociodemographic characteristics, personal and occupational COVID-19 exposure, worries and concerns about COVID-19, general psychological discomfort (GHQ-12), post-traumatic stress symptoms (IES-R) and anxiety (GAD-7). Workers who score above the cut-off in at least one scale are further investigated by the second level questionnaire composed by PHQ-9, DES-II and SCL-90. If second level shows psychological impairments, we offer individual specialist treatment (third level). We plan to follow-up all subjects to monitor symptoms and possible chronicization; we aim to investigate potential risk factors through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regressions. Results Preliminary results refer to a sample of 550 workers who completed the multi-step evaluation from August to December 2020, before vaccination campaign started. The participation rate was 90%. At first level screening, 39% of the subjects expressed general psychological discomfort (GHQ-12), 22% post-traumatic stress symptoms (IES-R), and 21% symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7). Women, nurses, younger workers, subjects with COVID-19 working exposure and with an infected family member showed significantly higher psychological impairment compared to colleagues. After the second level screening, 12% and 7% of all workers showed, respectively, depressive and dissociative symptoms; scorings were significantly associated with gender and occupational role. We are currently extending sample size and evaluating subjects over a period of further 12 months. Conclusions The possibility to perform a systematic follow-up of psychological wellbeing of all hospital workers, directly or indirectly exposed to pandemic consequences, constitutes a unique condition to detect individual, occupational, and non-occupational risk factors for psychological impairment in situations of prolonged stress, as well as variables associated with symptoms chronicization.

scholarly journals Attentional bias and its temporal dynamics among war veterans suffering from chronic pain: investigating the contribution of post-traumatic stress symptoms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazidi ◽  
Kelsey Vig ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Ebrahimi ◽  
Seyran Ranjbar ◽  
Ali Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Cognitive models propose that attentional dysregulation, including an attentional bias towards threat, is one potential mechanism underlying the association between chronic pain and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We assessed the attentional bias for painful facial expressions and its relationship with PTSS, using both traditional and variability-based attentional bias measures, among veterans with chronic pain and PTSS and controls.Method: Fifty-four veterans with chronic pain and 30 age/education-matched controls participated in this investigation. Participants completed a self-report measure of PTSS and a dot-probe task with painful/happy/neutral facial expressions. Attention was assessed using both traditional and variability-based reaction time measures of attentional bias.Results: Veterans directed attention away from painful facial expressions (i.e., avoidance) relative to both the control group (between-subject effect) and relative to zero. Veterans showed significantly elevated attentional bias variability for happy and painful expressions compared to controls. Veteran’s attentional bias variability for happy expressions was correlated with PTSS and symptoms of depression.Conclusion: Veterans with chronic pain and PTSS avoided pain-related stimuli and displayed an overall attentional dysfunction for emotional facial expressions. Avoidance of pain cues may be a coping strategy that these individuals develop under stressful conditions. Implications, limitations, and directions for future are discussed.

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