14C Concentrations of Single-Year Tree Rings from About 22,000 Years Ago Obtained Using A Highly Accurate Measuring Method

We have measured the radiocarbon concentrations in single-yr tree rings of old wood by accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) using a multicathode. The 14C concentrations of 10 single-yr tree rings were measured in 100 tree rings at intervals of 10. For each single-yr tree-ring sample, typically 80 measurements of the 14C concentrations were carried out using multicathodes. The sample standard deviations indicated that there are other fluctuations of typically 1.5%, in addition to the fluctuation of the Poisson counting statistics which is typically 3% for each measurement. The average 14C date of the tree rings was 22,130 ± 306 BP for all 624 data of single-yr tree-ring samples measured by the multicathodes. From the calibration data of Lake Suigetsu, the calendar dates of these 100 tree rings were located between 25,400 cal BP and 26,150 cal BP. The 14C dates changed between 21,979 BP and 22,272 BP, with an error of approximately 50 BP, corresponding to a precision of approximately 0.5%. There was a step with a change of approximately 144 BP for each 10 yr in the time profile.

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A New Annual 14C Dataset for Calibrating the Thera Eruption

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2020.33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 953-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronny Friedrich ◽

Bernd Kromer ◽

Lukas Wacker ◽

Jesper Olsen ◽

Sabine Remmele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Annual Data ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

Time Period ◽

Oak Tree ◽

Thera Eruption

ABSTRACTAnnually resolved tree-ring samples of the time period 1625–1510 BCE were analyzed from the German oak tree-ring chronology. Blocks of the same tree rings were previously used to generate IntCal calibration data. The new dataset shows an offset to the calibration data IntCal13 of 24 years and resembles annual data for the same time period derived from tree-ring records in other growth locations. A subset of samples of the period 1625–1585 BCE was additionally measured in three other laboratories (ETH, AAR, AA) for quality control.

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Tree-Ring Dating and AMS Wiggle-Matching of Wooden Statues at Neunggasa Temple in South Korea

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200046026 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 924-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Won-Kyu Park ◽

Yojung Kim ◽

Ah-Reum Jeong ◽

Sang-Kyu Kim ◽

Jung-Ae Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

South Korea ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽

Early Spring ◽

Radiocarbon Date ◽

Historical Document ◽

Natural Drying

This paper reports the results of tree-ring dating and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) wiggle-matching for wooden Buddhist statues stored at the Eungjindang Hall of Neunggasa Temple, South Korea. Among 23 statues, 10 were successfully dated by tree rings. The cutting date of logs used for the statues was determined as some time between late fall 1684 and early spring 1685 when the bark ring (AD 1684) completed latewood formation. The 95.4% confidence interval of a radiocarbon date (cal AD 1688–1713, 2 σ), which was obtained by wiggle-matching 7 samples of a statue, is similar to the dendro-date (AD 1684). A historical document recorded that the statues in the Eungjindang of Neunggasa were dedicated in July 1685. The dendro-date and written record indicate that Eungjindang statues were made within 3–8 months after log cutting. This seems rather short if we consider the period required for natural drying to avoid defects such as cracking and crooking.

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Informing Conservation: Towards 14C Wiggle-Matching of Short Tree-Ring Sequences from Medieval Buildings in England

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2016.61 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 985-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A Bayliss ◽

P Marshall ◽

C Tyers ◽

C Bronk Ramsey ◽

G Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Historic Buildings ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Medieval Period ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Comparable Level ◽

Annual Growth Rings ◽

Short Tree ◽

Oak Tree ◽

Calendar Dates

AbstractThis study tested whether accurate dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon wiggle-matching of short tree-ring series (~30 annual rings) in the Medieval period could be achieved. Scientific dating plays a central role in the conservation of historic buildings in England. Precise dating helps assess the significance of particular buildings or elements of their fabric, thus allowing us to make informed decisions about their repair and protection. Consequently, considerable weight, both financial and legal, can be attached to the precision and accuracy of this dating. Dendrochronology is the method of choice, but in a proportion of cases this is unable to provide calendar dates. Hence, we would like to be able to use 14C wiggle-matching to provide a comparable level of precision and reliability, particularly on shorter tree-ring sequences (~30 annual growth rings) that up until now would not routinely be sampled. We present the results of AMS wiggle-matching five oak tree-ring sequences, spanning the period covered by the vast majority of surviving Medieval buildings in England (about AD 1180–1540) when currently we have only decadal and bidecadal calibration data.

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Improved Precision 14C Measurements and Natural 14C Variations Around 10,000 Cal BP

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200012455 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (03) ◽

pp. 833-838 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomasz Goslar ◽

Mieczysław F Pazdur

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

High Precision ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Data Sets ◽

Calibration Data

Thirty-one samples of 5 tree rings from a single oak trunk with 300 tree rings were measured with improved precision to study natural 14C variations in the period from ca 9750 – 10,050 cal bp. Negative correlation was found between Δ 14C values and tree-ring indices. The pattern of 14C changes in the studied interval closely resembles the changes observed in several periodically spanned intervals within the limits of high-precision calibration data sets.

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Radiocarbon Ages of Annual Rings from Japanese Wood: Evident Age Offset Based on IntCal09

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200057921 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 763-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Toshio Nakamura ◽

Kimiaki Masuda ◽

Fusa Miyake ◽

Kentaro Nagaya ◽

Takahiro Yoshimitsu

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Data Sets ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Annual Rings ◽

Air Masses ◽

Japanese Archipelago ◽

The Past ◽

Asian Summer ◽

The Japanese Archipelago ◽

Calendar Dates

To investigate the radiocarbon concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the past few millennia in Japan, we measured the 14C age of annual rings from 3 Japanese trees with calendar dates ranging from ∼2000 yr old to present, and we compared the tree-ring 14C age with the corresponding 14C age from IntCal09. In some instances, the 14C ages of the annual rings of Japanese trees are not consistent with the IntCal09 data sets. Often, the 14C ages of tree rings are older than those from IntCal09, but younger than those from the SHCal04 data sets. The average shifts in the Nagoya 14C age from IntCal09 data sets and 1σ errors were determined to be +26 ± 36, +24 ± 30, +16 ± 22, +5 ± 21, and +14 ± 22 14C yr for the intervals AD 72– 382, 589–1072, 1413–1615, 1617–1739, and 1790–1860, respectively. The Japanese Archipelago is situated near the boundary of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in summer, and the 14C concentration of atmospheric CO2 over Japan can be influenced by air masses of the Southern Hemisphere with lower 14C concentrations during periods of higher solar activity and heightened East Asian summer monsoons. Our results suggest that the Japanese Archipelago is located in a critical zone where it is difficult to calibrate the 14C age of tree-ring samples using existing calibration data sets. It should be noted that calibration of the 14C dates of Japanese samples with IntCal09 may induce additional systematic shifts of calibrated ages toward older ages by about 30 yr compared with the sample optimum calendar ages.

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14C Calibration in the Southern Hemisphere and the Date of the Last Taupo Eruption: Evidence from Tree-Ring Sequences

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200030599 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 155-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

R. J. Sparks ◽

W. H. Melhuish ◽

J.W. A. McKee ◽

John Ogden ◽

J. G. Palmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Calibration Curve ◽

Systematic Difference ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Tree rings from a section of Prumnopitys taxifolia (matai) covering the period ad 1335–1745 have been radiocarbon dated and used to generate a 14C calibration curve for southern hemisphere wood. Comparison of this curve with calibration data for northern hemisphere wood does not show a systematic difference between 14C ages measured in the northern and southern hemispheres. A floating chronology covering 270 yr and terminating at the last Taupo (New Zealand) eruption, derived from a sequence of 10-yr samples of tree rings from Phyllocladus trichomanoides (celery pine, or tanekaha), is also consistent with the absence of a systematic north-south difference, and together with the matai data, fixes the date of the Taupo eruption at ad 232 ± 15.

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Intervalidation of Dendrochronology and 14C Dating on a 700-yr Tree-Ring Sequence Originating from the Eastern Carpathians

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2019.56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 1337-1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela O Sava ◽

Ionel Popa ◽

Tiberiu B Sava ◽

Aurelia Meghea ◽

Cristian Mănăilescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Ice Age ◽

Final Conclusion ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Pinus Cembra ◽

14C Dating ◽

Eastern Carpathians ◽

Ordered Tree ◽

Cross Matching

ABSTRACTWe present a comparative study on a 700-yr sequence of dendrochronologically ordered tree-rings of Pinus cembra originating from Eastern Carpathians for the period AD 1009–1709. This period covers the solar minima of the Little Ice Age. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of our radiocarbon (14C) determinations interpreted on the IntCal13 calibration data and to observe any apparent offsets. The 14C measurements on single and double tree-rings were “wiggle-matched” to secure the dendrochronology cross-matching of all the Pinus cembra wood pieces. The results showed a very good agreement between the age datasets for four out of five wood trunks. However, for one of them a new cross-matching was performed after a quality assurance test, establishing an earlier 48-yr position, recommended by wiggle-matching Bayesian statistics and dendrochronological analysis. Following this adjustment, the quantification of the 14C level variability with respect to the IntCal13 calibration curve was obtained by calculating Δ14C for all tree-ring samples. As a final conclusion, an insignificant 14C concentration offset of –0.63 ± 3.76‰ was found for the Romanian samples.

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APPLICATIONS OF DENDROCHRONOLOGY IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/laq.2017.60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 102-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paula Turkon ◽

Sturt W. Manning ◽

Carol Griggs ◽

Marco Antonio Santos Ramírez ◽

Ben A. Nelson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Archaeological Work ◽

Northwestern Mexico ◽

Malpaso Valley ◽

Calendar Dates

Although dendrochronological methods have the potential to provide precise calendar dates, they are virtually absent in Mesoamerican archaeological research. This absence is due to several long-standing, but erroneous, assumptions: that tree rings in this region do not reflect annual growth and environmental variability, that an adequate number of samples do not exist, and that tree-ring measurements cannot be useful without modern trees to link prehispanic chronologies. In this article we present data from the sites of La Quemada and Los Pilarillos, located in the Malpaso Valley, Zacatecas, to demonstrate that suitable archaeologically derived samples of dendrochronologically useful species do exist, that the samples from these sites are measurable and cross-datable, and that the tree rings can yield precise calendar dates using a method that “wiggle-matches” radiocarbon dates on tree-ring sequences. The work demonstrates the potential of these methods to address chronological, and, in the future, climatic questions, which have so far eluded archaeological work in the region.

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14C Ages of 43 Consecutive Single-Year Tree Rings Between 2710 and 2655 cal BP Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200042387 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 459-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kayo Suzuki ◽

Hirohisa Sakurai ◽

Yui Takahashi ◽

Shuichi Gunji ◽

Fuyuki Tokanai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Gaussian Distribution ◽

Calibration Curve ◽

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Periodic Variation ◽

Time Profile ◽

Random Fluctuation ◽

Statistical Accuracy

We have measured the radiocarbon ages of 43 consecutive single-year tree rings using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) with a statistical accuracy of ∼2.3%. AMS 14C ages of the 36 viable samples are between 2708 and 2666 cal BP, a period in which the Δ14C of the IntCal04 curve (Reimer et al. 2004) shows an enhancement. The 14C ages of the samples are scattered with a Gaussian distribution around the interpolated IntCal04 calibration curve. The time profile of the deviations of the 36 14C ages from the interpolated IntCal04 calibration curve indicates a linear trend and a characteristic variability rather than a random fluctuation around the curve. The trend indicates a higher gradient than that of the interpolated IntCal04 calibration curve. The profile implies a periodic variation of approximately 11 yr and an amplitude of roughly 18 14C yr.

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Present Status of YU-AMS System

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200057350 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 251-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fuyuki Tokanai ◽

Kazuhiro Kato ◽

Minoru Anshita ◽

Hirohisa Sakurai ◽

Akihiro Izumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽

Present Status ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Control Serum ◽

Pelletron Accelerator

A new compact accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system has been installed in the Kaminoyama Research Institute at Yamagata University (YU). The AMS system is based on a 0.5MV Pelletron accelerator developed by the National Electrostatics Corporation. An automated acid-alkali-acid (AAA) treatment system and an automated graphitization line were also installed in the same facility for sample preparation. Performance tests of the YU-AMS system were carried out by measuring the C-series standard samples (C1–C8) and HOxII provided by IAEA and NIST, respectively. We evaluated the YU-AMS system by comparing the radiocarbon ages of Japanese tree rings with dendrochronologically determined calendar ages with calibration data. We also carried out some performance tests using a control serum and a 14C-labeled drug (oxaliplatin).

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