Art. V.—Early History of Kannaḍa Literature

Among the so-called Dravidian languages of Southern India none can boast of a higher antiquity in the cultivation of its literature than the Kannaḍa or Karṇâṭaka, commonly called Canarese by Europeans. And yet, while the sister languages Tamil and Telugu have their votaries, Kannaḍa has received attention from but few, if any, among Oriental scholars. This neglect is no doubt partly due to its being principally spoken in Native States, whence it has come less into contact with Europeans, while the other languages form the media of official business through a large extent of British territory. An erroneous impression has, besides, been fostered by some writers, whose acquaintance with South Indian languages was probably chiefly confined to Tamil or Telugu, that these were in some way superior either in structure or in the contents of their literature to Kannaḍa, a statement for which there is not the least foundation, and originating in the want of accurate information regarding the latter.

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The Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Potential for Violent Escalation

The Violence Pendulum ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197510087.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-78

Author(s):

Ioana Emy Matesan

Keyword(s):

Muslim Brotherhood ◽

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

Religious Movement ◽

Dual Effect ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

History Of ◽

The Muslim Brotherhood ◽

The One ◽

Gamal Abdel Nasser

This chapter revisits the early history of the Muslim Brotherhood to understand why an organization that started out as a nonviolent religious movement came to be associated with violence. Many blame this on the harsh repression under President Gamal Abdel Nasser. However, the analysis shows that the drift toward violence started much earlier. Reconstructing the sequence of events between 1936 and 1948, the chapter reveals that what initially politicized the Brotherhood was the presence of British troops in Egypt and Palestine. The formation of an armed wing led to competition over authority within the group, which incentivized violent escalation. The chapter then focuses on the period between 1954 and 1970 and shows that repression had a dual effect. On the one hand, it inspired new jihadi interpretations, which were particularly appealing to younger members. On the other hand, the prisons were also the backdrop against which the Brotherhood became convinced that violence was futile.

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Protogeometric Vases from Amorgos in the Museum of the British School

The Annual of the British School at Athens ◽

10.1017/s0068245400020918 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 177-185

Author(s):

R.W.V. Catling ◽

R.E. Jones

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

The South ◽

South West ◽

British School ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

Two vases, a cup and an oinochoe, from Arkesine in south-west Amorgos are published for the first time. It is argued that both are probably Middle Protogeometric, one an import from Euboia, the other from the south-east Aegean; chemical analysis supports both attributions. Their implications for the early history of Amorgos are discussed.

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Art. XIV.—Notes on the Early History of Northern India. Part VI On the Historical Value, Origin, and Growth of Early Methods of Record anterior to Alphabets, including Ideographic Signs, Sacred Numbers, and Myths

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00143333 ◽

1890 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 697-758

Author(s):

J. F. Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

The Public ◽

Public Benefit ◽

Northern India ◽

History Of ◽

Combined Work

As botanists and zoologists trace the successive stages of existence traversed by living plants and animals through species and genera to families, so the historian of human progress finds himself obliged to extend his generalizations through tribes and nations to races. Research proves that it is these larger units who, through the combined work of the several component parts of the race, are the authors of the underlying ideas which are acted out in its achievements. It also seems to show that there are two races who have most materially aided in the development of civilization— one, quiet, silent, hard-working and practical, whose members have always looked on the public benefit of the tribe or nation to which they belonged as their best incentive to action: the other, impulsive, sensitive, generous, and eloquent, who have looked on personal glory and the aggrandizement of their families and personal adherents as the object of their ambition.

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Digital Resources: Chile’s Centro de Investigación y Documentación (CIDOC) and Anti-Communism in the 1964 Elections

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.821 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Botto Stuven

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

The Other ◽

Right Wing ◽

Contemporary History ◽

Christian Democracy ◽

Salvador Allende ◽

History Of ◽

The Media ◽

The One ◽

The Right

The Documentation Center of the Contemporary History of Chile (CIDOC), which belongs to the Universidad Finis Terrae (Santiago), has a digital archive that contains the posters and newspapers inserts of the anti-communist campaign against Salvador Allende’s presidential candidacy in 1964. These appeared in the main right-wing newspapers of Santiago, between January and September of 1964. Although the collection of posters in CIDOC is not complete, it is a resource of great value for those who want to research this historical juncture, considering that those elections were by far the most contested and conflicting in the history of Chile during the 20th Century, as it implicted the confrontation between two candidates defending two different conceptions about society, politics, and economics. On the one hand, Salvador Allende, the candidate of the Chilean left; on the other, Eduardo Frei, the candidate of the Christian Democracy, coupled with the traditional parties of the Right. While the technical elements of the programs of both candidates did not differ much from each other, the political campaign became the scenario for an authentic war between the “media” that stood up for one or the other candidate. Frei’s anticommunist campaign had the financial aid of the United States, and these funds were used to gather all possible resources to create a real “terror” in the population at the perspective of the Left coming to power. The Chilean Left labeled this strategy of using fear as the “Terror Campaign.”

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The atmospheric Cherenkov technique in y-ray astronomy: the early days

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1981.0139 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 301 (1462) ◽

pp. 611-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

Current Status ◽

Ultra High Energy ◽

Energy Bands ◽

Short Contribution ◽

Basic Physics ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject

At this meeting papers were given by Turver & Weekes and Sreekantan about the current status in the detection of ultra-high-energy y-rays in the energy range 10 11 —10 13 eV, by means of the atmospheric Cherenkov technique. There are two objectives of this short contribution. The first is to describe briefly the early history of the subject, and the second to outline the basic physics involved, which will reveal how the technique is essentially quite different from those used in the other energy bands in the y-ray spectrum.

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A Seal of Strongbow in the Huntington Library

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500086133 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 128-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anthony R. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

Historical Figure ◽

History Of ◽

Huntington Library

In 1939, having failed after much searching to locate any extant seal of Strongbow, I gave in Historic Heraldry of Britain (Oxford, 1939, pp. 36–7) such particulars as I could of two which have perished, one known by a drawing, the other by a photograph and description. Soon after the book's appearance a letter from Captain R. B. Haselden informed me that what I had been seeking existed in the Huntington Library, namely, a complete and almost perfect seal of Strongbow attached to a charter formerly at Stowe. To the historian, the sigillographer, and the herald alike, this seal is of exceptional interest: to the historian, because it is the only known seal extant of an important historical figure; to the sigillographer, because of the unique design of the counterseal; and to the herald, for its bearing on the early history of one of the two or three oldest heraldic devices.

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XII.—On Feudal and Obligatory Knighthood

Archaeologia ◽

10.1017/s0261340900004318 ◽

1863 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 189-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francis Morgan Nichols

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

The Political ◽

Early Age ◽

Intimate Connection ◽

Legal Fiction ◽

Other Hand ◽

History Of

The intimate connection which existed between chivalry and feudalism in the early age of both these institutions has not been sufficiently observed. Those who have set themselves to write the history of chivalry have been attracted by its romantic side, and have neglected the more substantial aspect which it presents when considered in relation to the political fabric. Our legal antiquaries, on the other hand, have sparingly recognised the influence of chivalry in the early history of the feudal establishment; and, while it was impossible to banish knight's service and tenure in chivalry from any account of the feudal system, they have been rather disposed to regard feudal knighthood as a legal fiction, and to disconnect the chivalry of tenure from the chivalry of arms.

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The Constraints of Software

Emerging Library & Information Perspectives ◽

10.5206/elip.v2i1.5928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 6-29

Author(s):

Andrew Stuart Turnbull

Keyword(s):

Computer Software ◽

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

Cd Rom ◽

History Of ◽

Software Distribution ◽

Technological Constraints ◽

At Will

Computer software media has long had intrinsic similarities to books...so why may one be borrowed in a library and not the other? The answer lies in the context and history of how computer media came to be. In this essay I explore the early history of software distribution, where many different proposals fought to succeed. I provide an overview of the software industry’s early embrace of copy-protected floppy disks as a distribution medium, and how they harmed the notion of software as a borrowable medium. Lastly, I cover how CD-ROM materials were treated as books by publishers and libraries, yet failed to realize this premise with long-term success. I argue that a combination of industry actions and technological constraints over four decades caused computer software to fail to succeed as a tangible medium that can be borrowed like a book, lent, or resold at will.

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An Experiment in Methodology in a West African Urban Community

Human Organization ◽

10.17730/humo.13.1.48r437pvw4l70472 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

William Schwab

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Urban Community ◽

West African ◽

Early History ◽

The Other ◽

Tropical Africa ◽

Populated Area ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

History Of ◽

Population Numbers

One of the most highly developed and complex cultures in tropical Africa today is found among the Yoruba people of southwest Nigeria. Extending northeast from Lagos, the major coastal port of Nigeria, is a densely populated area comprised of many large communities, characteristic of the Yoruba, whose total population numbers over 3,500,000 persons. The early history of many of these communities is obscure, although it is alleged that many of the contemporary communities had their inceptions in the 17th and 18th centuries. The largest of the 15 or more communities whose populations exceed 40,000 persons is Ibadan, with an estimated 400,000 population. The estimated populations of some of the other Yoruba towns are: Iwo, 86,000; Ogbomosho, 85,000; Oyo, 79,000; Oshbogbo, 70,000; Abeokuta, 54,000; Ilesha, 50,000; and Ife, 45,000. The 1931 Nigeria census indicated that one-third of the Yoruba population lives in the nine largest Yoruba towns.

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