The South Indian Tradition of the Apostle Thomas

1924 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Thoma
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Indian Tradition ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Christian Origins ◽  
Final Settlement

Although a great deal has been written concerning St. Thomas's connexion with India, it has so far resulted only in barren controversies and inchoate theories. The finding of the “Gondophares.” coins in the Cabul region raised great hopes of a final settlement of the problem; but apart from the (itself doubtful) identification of a single name in the Ada Thomae, it has shed little light on the mysteries of Christian origins in India. Nay, it has had positively injurious results, inasmuch as it diverted the attention of scholars into fields far remote from the familiar haunts of the Thomistic tradition. South India is the quarter from which we should expect fresh evidence: the north has no known claims to any connexion with the Apostle. In the south live the Christians of St. Thomas—the so-called “Syrians” who for more than a thousand years have upheld their descent from the Apostle's disciples. There also we have what has been believed from immemorial antiquity to be the tomb of St. Thomas, with various lithic remains of pre-Portuguese Christianity around Madras. South India has a remarkably ancient tradition of St. Thomas; and it is a living tradition, not a dead legend. It can be traced back at least to the sixth century a.d., and it still lives in popular memories, not only of Christians, but of others not recognizing the claims of Christianity. The existence of this tradition is known and recognized; but no organized attempt has yet been made to explore it.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Federico De Romanis
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
South India ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Precious Stones

The epilogue summarizes what the two texts of the Muziris papyrus tell us about the pepper and ivory production of the ancient Cēra kingdom, South Indian commercial connections with the Ganges Valley, the logistics of the Red Sea–Alexandria transports, the complex relationships between the South India traders and the contractors of the Red Sea tax, and the assessment and payment of the import and export customs duties. It also looks at what the two texts do not mention—the part of pearls and precious stones in the South India trade of the mid-second century ad. Furthermore, a speculative estimate of the commercial venture final balance is attempted.

The Uneven Geography of Tyranny

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-228
Author(s):  
Christophe Jaffrelot ◽  
Pratinav Anil
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
The South ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Asymmetrical Impact ◽  
Federal Structure

This chapter analyses the asymmetrical impact of the central policies on states. Federal structure and geographical distance meant that the spatial reach of these policies was not uniform. The arbitrary powers of the Emergency were a stronger presence in the Hindi belt than in the South, and in the states ruled by the Congress than in the holdouts. This was due to various factors such as the strengths and weaknesses of local Congresses vis-à-vis the opposition and the party at the centre; the strategies of state elites and bureaucracies; electoral considerations; factional competition; lobby influence; and the solipsism of the regime in Delhi. These were all determinants in the spread of the geography of tyranny which, on the whole, resulted in the Emergency being felt more strongly in the capital, its neighbouring states, and the Hindi belt than in states ruled by the opposition—the North East and South India.

Trend Analysis with a New Global Record of Tropical Cyclone Intensity

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 9960-9976 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Kossin ◽  
Timothy L. Olander ◽  
Kenneth R. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Intensity ◽  
The South ◽  
Cyclone Intensity ◽  
The North ◽  
South Indian

Abstract The historical global “best track” records of tropical cyclones extend back to the mid-nineteenth century in some regions, but formal analysis of these records is encumbered by temporal heterogeneities in the data. This is particularly problematic when attempting to detect trends in tropical cyclone metrics that may be attributable to climate change. Here the authors apply a state-of-the-art automated algorithm to a globally homogenized satellite data record to create a more temporally consistent record of tropical cyclone intensity within the period 1982–2009, and utilize this record to investigate the robustness of trends found in the best-track data. In particular, the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) achieved by each reported storm is calculated and the frequency distribution of LMI is tested for changes over this period. To address the unique issues in regions around the Indian Ocean, which result from a discontinuity introduced into the satellite data in 1998, a direct homogenization procedure is applied in which post-1998 data are degraded to pre-1998 standards. This additional homogenization step is found to measurably reduce LMI trends, but the global trends in the LMI of the strongest storms remain positive, with amplitudes of around +1 m s−1 decade−1 and p value = 0.1. Regional trends, in m s−1 decade−1, vary from −2 (p = 0.03) in the western North Pacific, +1.7 (p = 0.06) in the south Indian Ocean, +2.5 (p = 0.09) in the South Pacific, to +8 (p < 0.001) in the North Atlantic.

scholarly journals Some of the Wild Life Problems of Ceylon

Oryx ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
R. M. Bere
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Indian Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Wild Life ◽  
Wet Zone

Topographically Ceylon is a detached portion of the South Indian peninsula. It divides into two climatic regions, known as the Dry and Wet Zones; the latter occupies approximately the south-western quarter of the island. By African standards, dry and wet are relative terms and there may be over 80 inches of rain in the Dry Zone. Even so, rainfall tends to be concentrated and long periods without rain occur. The Wet Zone receives rain during both monsoons, the Dry Zone during the north-east monsoon only. Monsoons sometimes fail and serious droughts are not uncommon.

The West Court at Perachora

1967 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
J. J. Coulton
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
East And West

About 10 metres south-west of the sixth-century temple of Hera Akraia at Perachora, and nearly due west of the little harbour lies the small courtyard previously known as the ‘Agora’. Since its purpose is not known, it will here be non-committally referred to as the West Court. It was first excavated in 1932, and more fully, under the supervision of J. K. Brock, in 1933, but it was not entirely cleared until 1939, and it was at that time that the Roman house which stood in the middle of the court was demolished. The West Court is discussed briefly (under the name of ‘Agora’) in Perachora 1 and in the preliminary reports of the Perachora excavations. Short supplementary excavations were carried out in 1964 and 1966 to examine certain points of the structure.In shape the West Court is an irregular pentagon, about 24 metres from north to south and the same from east to west (Fig. 1; Plate 91 a, b). It is enclosed on the west, north, and on part, at least, of the east side by a wall of orthostates on an ashlar foundation. For a short distance on either side of the south corner, the court is bounded by a vertically dressed rock face which is extended to the north-east and west by walls of polygonal masonry. At the south-west corner the west orthostate wall butts against the polygonal wall, which continues for about 0·80 m. beyond it and then returns north for about 8 metres behind it.

Excavations at Carthage 1974: First Interim Report

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Harbour Area

SummaryIn the first season of excavation by a British team participating in the UNESCO Save Carthage Project, two sites in the harbour area and one inland were examined. On the site on the island in the circular harbour, the remains probably of the νεώρια described by Appian succeeded earlier Punic occupation periods and were in turn followed by two successive Roman temples and a building, probably a pharos, associated with the second temple. After this, there appears to have been domestic or commercial occupation in the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. On the north shore of the circular harbour, remains of the late Roman quayside and associated streets and buildings were found. On the inland site, situated to the south of the Roman street grid, there were the remains of third–fifth-century and fifth–sixth-century buildings fronting a street and backed by a substantial wall identified as the city wall constructed in the reign of Theodosius II.

The Indo-Roman Pepper Trade and the Muziris Papyrus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico De Romanis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
South India ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
South Indian ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Commercial Relationships

This book offers an interpretation of the two fragmentary texts of the P. Vindobonensis G 40822, now widely referred to as the Muziris papyrus. Without these two texts, there would be no knowledge of the Indo-Roman trade practices. The book also compares and contrasts the texts of the Muziris papyrus with other documents pertinent to Indo-Mediterranean (or Indo-European) trade in ancient, medieval, and early modern times. These other documents reveal the commercial and political geography of ancient South India; the sailing schedule and the size of the ships plying the South India sea route; the commodities exchanged in the South Indian emporia; and the taxes imposed on the Indian commodities en route from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. When viewed against the twin backdrops of ancient sources on South Indian trade and of medieval and early modern documents on pepper commerce, the two texts become foundational resources for the history of commercial relationships between South India and the West.

Linking collision, slab break-off and subduction polarity reversal in the evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-350
Author(s):  
Tanzil Deshmukh ◽  
N. Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Polarity Reversal ◽  
The South ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian Craton ◽  
Directed System ◽  
Central Indian Tectonic Zone ◽  
Collisional Regime

AbstractThe Central Indian Tectonic Zone demarcates the zone of amalgamation between the North Indian Craton and the South Indian Craton. Presently, the major controversies in the existing tectonic models of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone revolve around the direction of subduction and the precise timing of accretion between the North Indian Craton and the South Indian Craton. A new model for the tectonic evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone is postulated in this contribution, based on recent geological and geophysical evidence, combined with previously documented tectonic configurations. The present study employs the slab break-off hypothesis and subsequent polarity reversal to explain the tectonic processes involved in the evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone. We propose that the subduction initiated (c. 2.5 Ga) in a S-directed system producing island-arc sequences on the South Indian Craton. The southward subduction regime culminated with slab break-off underneath the South Indian Craton between c. 1.65 Ga and 1.55 Ga, which subsequently induced subduction polarity reversal and set the course for N-directed subduction (<1.55 Ga). The final closure along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone is governed by the collisional regime during the Sausar Orogeny (1.0–0.9 Ga).

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