Effect of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch Level on Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Crutchfield ◽  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

Research was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) straw mulch level on weed control in a winter wheat-ecofallow corn (Zea maysL.)-fallow rotation at North Platte and Sidney, NE, in 1981 and 1982. Wheat straw mulch was established at 0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.8 Mg/ha in stubble fields. After application of 1.5 times the recommended rate at corn planting, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] concentration remained higher in unmulched soil than in mulched soil for more than 4 months, due to interception of metolachlor by the mulch. Even though the amount of metolachlor in the soil was reduced by mulch, weed control was not reduced and increased with increasing mulch level. Thus, increasing metolachlor rate was not necessary to maintain adequate weed control in no-till winter wheat stubble since mulch itself provided some measure of weed control.

Weed Control and Crop Injury in Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) Using Imazethapyr

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-754
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Garold W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Control Option ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Better Than

Imidazolinone-resistant and -tolerant corn hybrids give growers a new weed control option. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate imazethapyr for controlling weeds in no-till corn planted into winter wheat stubble in a winter wheat–ecofallow corn rotation. Imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) corn were protected genetically from injury by imazethapyr that was applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence to ‘Pioneer Brand 3417,’ ‘Pioneer Brand 3417 IR,’ ‘ICI Seeds 8532,’ and ‘ICI Seeds 8532 IT’ hybrids. No difference in corn injury occurred between IR and IT corn. Imazethapyr applied to resistant or tolerant corn hybrids could be used to control weeds in ecofallow corn. Imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ai/ha controlled triazine-resistant kochia better than the standard herbicide treatment of metolachlor plus cyanazine.

Influence of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch and Metolachlor on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Don A. Crutchfield ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

The presence of wheat straw mulch in no-tillage systems can increase corn yields in the central Great Plains, but information is needed on the optimal mulch level and the toxicity of metolachlor on corn growth. Research was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat straw mulch levels of 0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.8 t ha–1and metolachlor rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5X-rates on corn growth and yield in a winter wheat-ecofallow-corn-fallow rotation at three locations across Nebraska. Response of corn to different mulch levels and metolachlor rates varied with climate and location. In general, early corn growth was retarded by increasing amounts of mulch due to reduced soil temperatures, but after tasseling corn grew taller under increasing mulch levels because of increased soil moisture. Soil water content, kernel moisture at harvest, stover dry matter, total dry matter, ears per plant, and kernel weight increased with increasing mulch level. Corn grain yield reached a maximum at a mulch level of 5.1 t ha–1. Kernel weight, kernel number, and grain yield increased with higher mulch levels and 0.5 and 1.0X metolachlor rates as weed competition was reduced, but decreased at the 1.5X-rate of metolachlor due to corn injury. Lack of sufficient growing degree-days to compensate for lower soil temperatures or corn injury reduced corn yields at the higher mulch levels and 1.5X-rate of metolachlor in west-central and western Nebraska. From a practical standpoint, a mulch level of 3.4 to 5.1 t ha–1and a metolachlor rate near the X-rate should increase corn yield (14 to 15%) over unmulched corn in the central Great Plains.

Evaluation of Chlorsulfuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and in a Wheat-Soybean (Glycine max) Double-Cropping System

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Khodayari ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
Khalid H. Akkari
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wild Garlic

Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was evaluated for weed control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and for residual effect on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] following wheat. Chlorsulfuron applied at 72 g ai/ha and less did not injure or reduce grain yields of ‘Double-Cropped’ wheat. Postemergence tank mixtures of chlorsulfuron at 36 g/ha with diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 1 kg/ha were more effective than other treatments for control of wild garlic (Allium vinealeL. ♯ ALLVI). ‘Forrest’ soybeans did not show any injury from chlorsulfuron residue even at rates of 72 g/ha when it was no-till seeded following winter wheat.

Survey of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble Fields Sprayed with Herbicides After Harvest in 1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Donald H. Popken ◽  
Stephen R. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A survey of 146 fields was conducted to investigate herbicide performance in winter wheat-producing areas of southwestern Nebraska during August and September of 1986. Only 55% of the fields received an excellent rating for weed control and stubble quality; one third rated as unacceptable. Weed control after wheat harvest was improved by planting ‘Bounty 310’, ‘Siouxland’, ‘Vona’, and ‘Centura’ winter wheat cultivars rather than ‘Mustang’, ‘Hawk’, ‘Pioneer 2656’, and ‘Wings'. Fertilizing winter wheat in the fall, planting wheat at the optimum date, high wheat stem density, using a winter wheat-corn-fallow rotation, not spraying herbicides after wheat harvest on days that it rained or air temperature exceeded 35 C, and spraying weeds when they were small also improved weed control in wheat stubble. Nine months after wheat harvest, fields treated with atrazine before July 16 had more volunteer wheat than fields treated later.

Control of Weeds in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Untilled Stubble with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghadiri ◽  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Bloom Date

Visible wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) injury, delay in bloom date, and yield reduction were observed following herbicide treatments in growing wheat. Protein content and volume weight of winter wheat were not significantly affected by any herbicide treatment. Some treatments reduced annual grass and broadleaf population by 90% or more 6 weeks after spraying and maintained weed control 8 weeks in untilled winter wheat stubble. Effective herbicide treatments that caused the least winter wheat injury in 1977 and 1978 included metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] + alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] at 0.3 + 2.8 kg/ha, metribuzin + oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsufanilamide) at 0.3 + 1.8 kg/ha, metribuzin + pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] at 0.3 + 2.2 kg/ha, metribuzin + SN-533 [N-ethyl-N-propyl-3-(propylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide] at 0.3 + 0.8 kg/ha, and R-40244 [1-m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-chloro-4-chloromethyl-2-pyrrolidone] at 1.1 kg/ha. Herbicide treatments that showed the most potential to control annual grass and broadleaf weeds selectively in tillered winter wheat and stubble in 1978 include metribuzin + metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 0.3 + 2 kg/ha, metribuzin + oryzalin at 0.3 + 1.4 kg/ha, and metribuzin + pendimethalin at 0.3 + 2 kg/ha.

Weed Control in No-till Doublecrop Soybean (Glycine max) Following Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) on a Clay Soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Prickly Sida

Weed control was evaluated in no-till planted soybean in both burned and standing wheat stubble for 3 yr. High, intermediate, low, and no weed management following no-till planting of soybean were compared with a tilled treatment with high weed management. Herbicides for the high weed management were metribuzin plus metolachlor PRE followed by POST applications, as needed, of bentazon, acifluorfen, and fluazifop or quizalofop. Intermediate management included all of the above except metolachlor, plus the as-needed use of chlorimuron or lactofen POST. Low management had no PRE herbicide applications but included the above POST herbicides. Glyphosate was used as a preplant foliar applied desiccant in the stubble-planted soybean of all weed management levels. Yield of soybean was not affected by standing, burned, or tilled wheat stubble. Soil organic matter in the 0 to 2.5 cm of soil was not significantly affected at the end of the 3 yr. Yield of wheat was reduced by standing wheat stubble in the first year of the study. Total POST weed control was sufficient for maximum soybean yields in the second and third years of the study. The weed spectrum changed during the experiment for the no-weed-control treatment in soybean and in wheat. The major weeds present in soybean after 3 yr of no-till were southern crabgrass, nodding spurge, redvine, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and johnsongrass; in wheat they were Italian ryegrass, little barley, mayweed chamomile, and hairy buttercup.

Effect of No-till Systems on Weed Control and Yields of Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Cleary ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds

Experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1982 to determine whether selected herbicide treatments applied before or after harvest would provide adequate weed control without the use of tillage between crops in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) production systems. of the herbicide treatments evaluated, only oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) at 2.2 kg ai/ha applied prior to wheat maturity adequately controlled summer annual weeds each year. Populations of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and/or clammy groundcherry (Physalis heterophyllaNees) increased from continued preharvest use of oryzalin in no-till treatments and were greater than those resulting from conventional tillage or various postharvest no-till treatments containing glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. After 4 yr, populations of winter annualCruciferaespp. at one location were lower in treatments that had poorer control of summer annual weeds or volunteer wheat. At a second location, winter annual broadleaf species were more numerous in conventionally tilled than in no-till treatments. Wheat yields obtained with no-till treatments were lower than yields obtained with conventional tillage in seasons favorable for high yields.

Use of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars and Herbicides in Aiding Weed Control in an Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ramsel ◽  
Gail A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Corn Crop

An experiment involving six winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars, an early-April herbicide application on wheat and on four dates after wheat harvest, and the growth of a subsequently planted corn (Zea maysL.) crop was conducted at North Platte, NE. ‘Centurk 78’ suppressed barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. # ECHCG] more than ‘Bennett’ and ‘Eagle’ in the growing wheat and after wheat harvest in July, but there were no differences in weed yield among cultivars in corn planted 11 months later. Herbicides applied to the tillering wheat in early April improved weed control in wheat and the subsequent corn crop. Also, herbicides were applied 5, 25, 45, and 300 days after wheat harvest. Weed growth increased and soil water decreased as spraying dates were delayed. Herbicides applied 5 days after harvest did not maintain adequate weed control in the corn planted 11 months after wheat harvest and low corn yield resulted. Plots receiving herbicides 300 days after wheat harvest had the least soil water in the fall after wheat harvest but the best weed control in corn and highest corn yields because of better weed control in corn.

Influence of Small Grain Crops on Weeds and Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Garold W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Corn Grain

Spring small grains were not as competitive with barnyardgrass and witchgrass as winter wheat. Winter wheat grain yields were greater than spring barley or spring wheat in 1986, 1987, and 1988 and oat in 1986 and 1988. Barnyardgrass, stinkgrass, and witchgrass control with glyphosate plus 2,4-D plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 0.8 plus 1.7 kg ha−1was usually less when the herbicides were applied to stubble of spring small grain versus winter wheat due to the advanced weed growth at treatment Barnyardgrass and witchgrass were more difficult to control than stinkgrass, redroot pigweed, tumble pigweed, kochia, and tumble thistle. No-till corn planted into winter wheat stubble had fewer barnyardgrass and witchgrass than corn planted into spring wheat stubble. The addition of metolachlor plus atrazine at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg ha−1eliminated differences among small grain cultivars in weed control in corn. Corn grain yields from winter wheat plots were greater than other small grains in 1989 because of better weed control and more crop residue.

scholarly journals Mulching with Large Round Bales between Plastic-covered Beds Using a Newly Developed Offset Round-bale Unroller for Weed Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wilhoit ◽  
Timothy Coolong
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Large Round ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Better Than

Mulching between rows of plastic used for vegetable production can be an effective practice for controlling weeds. An existing round-bale unroller was modified to create an offset bale unroller, allowing round bales of hay to be unrolled between planting rows with a tractor. This modification has made the practice of mulching with round bales of hay or wheat straw more efficient. This offset round-bale unroller was used to apply hay and wheat straw mulch to between-row areas of ‘Crimson Sweet’ watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in 2009 and 2010. Hay and wheat (Triticum sp.) straw mulches were applied at two thicknesses, corresponding one and two layers of mulch from the round bale, respectively. All of the hay and wheat straw mulch treatments controlled weeds significantly better than the non-treated controls in both years. There was a significant mulch-type by year interaction for weed control, with 1-year-old hay having less weed control in 2010 compared with 2009, whereas other mulches had improved weed control in 2010. One-year-old wheat straw and new hay had the lowest levels of weed biomass present compared with new wheat straw and the no-mulch control. Mulch thickness significantly affected weed control, with mulches applied in two layers having significantly less weed biomass than those applied in one layer. Weed pressure was significantly less in 2010 compared with 2009. The offset bail-unroller that has been developed to apply mulches to between-row areas of plastic-covered beds is a useful tool that can be used to efficiently unroll round bales of a variety of organic mulches for weed control.

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