Selective Control of Mountain Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentatassp.vaseyana) with Clopyralid

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Whisenant
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Purshia Tridentata ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Sprays of 2.2 kg ae/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 0.5, 1.1, or 2.2 kg ae/ha of clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) were applied at three Utah sites. The 2,4-D and 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha of clopyralid effectively controlled mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentataNutt. # ARTTR ssp.vaseyana). Applications of 2.2 kg/ha of 2,4-D resulted in 84% mortality of antelope bitterbrush [Purshia tridentata(Pursh.) DC] and killed 96% of the Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifoliaNutt.). Clopyralid applications of 2.2 kg/ha killed only 5% of the antelope bitterbrush and 6% of the Saskatoon serviceberry. Thus, clopyralid is an effective alternative to 2,4-D for control of mountain big sagebrush when the desirable shrubs antelope bitterbrush and/or Saskatoon serviceberry are present.

Herbicidal Control of Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams ◽  
David L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Secondary Target ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Several herbicides were evaluated for the control of velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. #3 LUPLE), a plant poisonous to sheep on western mountain ranges, and a secondary target species, mountain big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt. # ARTTR]. Change in foliar cover of the two target species and associated vegetation was used to evaluate efficacy of the herbicides. Velvet lupine cover was reduced by greater than 50% in the 1983 trial by the butyl ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae/ha, the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ae/ha, the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 2.2 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg/ha. Cover of velvet lupine and other forbs was reduced by drought in the spring of 1985 and obscured the comparison among herbicides in the 1984 trial. Cover of mountain big sagebrush was consistently reduced (>88%) by 2,4-D at 4.5 kg/ha in both trials, and by three rates of the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} (>67%) in the 1984 trial. Grass cover increased in plots where herbicides effectively reduced velvet lupine, forbs, and mountain big sagebrush.

Total Alkaloid, Crude Protein, and Fiber Concentrations in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Total alkaloid concentration, percentage water, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber in velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. # LUPLE) were monitored for 3 weeks following application of herbicides registered or soon to be registered for rangeland use. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) caused some signs of epinasty but did not kill velvet lupine. Total alkaloid concentration and nutrient quality of velvet lupine leaves treated with these herbicides was not significantly different from untreated plants. Esters of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid} killed most velvet lupine plants and caused a subsequent decrease in total alkaloid concentration, crude protein, and water content as the plants desiccated. Herbicides that effectively killed velvet lupine decreased alkaloid levels, thus lowering the potential for increased livestock poisoning.

Control of White Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
Larry V. Mickelsen ◽  
David L. Turner ◽  
Darwin B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Oxytropis Sericea ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Several herbicides were evaluated for control of white locoweed (Oxytropis sericeaNutt. T & G # OXRMA) and changes in botanical composition on two sites on high-elevation rangeland. White locoweed was more abundant and its population more stable on the rocky subalpine wind-swept ridge site than on the subalpine loam site. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae/ha eliminated white locoweed on the subalpine loam site, although the population on this site declined naturally. Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) was the most effective herbicide on the subalpine wind-swept site. Clopyralid at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ae/ha, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 2.2 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus clopyralid or picloram at 0.3 kg/ha killed all white locoweed plants. Lower rates of clopyralid (0.1 kg/ha), dicamba (0.6 and 1.1 kg/ha), 2,4-D (2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha), and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2~pyridinyl)oxy] acetic aicid)} (0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ae/ha) killed 45 to 84% of white locoweed plants. Grass cover increased on most treated areas where white locoweed, forbs, and sagebrush declined. Cattle consumption of white locoweed declined following application of 2,4-D.

Selective Weed Control in Seedling Cool-Season Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Canode ◽  
W. C. Robocker
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Seven herbicides were applied for selective weed control on three different seedling stands of five cool-season grasses. The herbicides were evaluated for their influence on weed control, grass establishment, and first crop grass seed production. These experiments indicate that 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) was outstanding in selective control of broadleaf weeds in seedling grass stands. Two other herbicides, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) and 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) were valuable under most conditions. The remaining herbicides—(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA), and 1-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (neburon)—were satisfactory for selective weed control under some conditions, but their effects were not uniform for the different species and plantings.

scholarly journals Buffalograss Seedling Tolerance to Postemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Fry ◽  
Ward S. Upham
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

In 1992 and 1993, 12 postemergence herbicide treatments were applied to field-grown buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] seedlings having 1 to 3 leaves and 2 to 4 tillers, respectively. The only herbicide treatments that did not cause plant injury at 1 or 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) or reduce turf coverage 4 or 6 WAT compared to nontreated plots (in 1992 or 1993) were (in kg·ha–1) 0.6 dithiopyr, 0.8 quinclorac, 2.2 MSMA, and 0.8 clorpyralid. Evaluated only in 1993, metsulfuron methyl (0.04 kg·ha–1) also caused no plant injury or reduction in coverage. Fenoxaprop-ethyl (0.2 kg·ha–1) caused severe plant injury and reduced coverage by >95% at 6 WAT. Dicamba reduced coverage by 11% at 6 WAT in 1992 but not 1993. The chemicals (in kg·ha–1) triclopyr (0.6), 2,4-D (0.8), triclopyr (1.1) + 2,4-D (2.8), 2,4-D (3.1) + triclopyr (0.3) + clorpyralid (0.2), and 2,4-D (2.0) + mecoprop (1.1) + dicamba (0.2) caused plant injury at 1 or 2 WAT in 1992 or 1993, but coverage was similar to that of nontreated turf by 6 WAT. Chemical names used: 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (clorpyralid); 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba); (+/–)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (diclofop); 3,5-pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2-(difluoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-S,S-dimethyl ester (dithiopyr); 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy] propanoate (fenoxaprop-ethyl); 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (mecoprop); methyl 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate (metsulfuron methyl); monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA); 3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac); [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid (triclopyr); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D).

Selective Control of Weeds in Proso Millet with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Grabouski
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Eight herbicide postemergence treatments were applied to proso millet (Panicum milaceumL.) at three growth stages. The dimethylamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.56 kg/ha had significantly higher grain yields than the weedy check. All herbicides except the amine of 2,4-D at 0.28 kg/ha appeared to injure proso millet plants by varying degrees; however, yields were not greatly affected. All herbicides gave excellent control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) when applied to proso millet in the 4 to 6-leaf stage. Weed control was poorer when spraying was delayed until proso millet was in pre-boot and post-flower stages.

Plant Regeneration from Excised Cotyledons of Mature Strawberry Achenes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Craig K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot Buds ◽  
Rapid Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A protocol was developed for excising and culturing cotyledon explants from mature achenes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Cotyledon explants formed callus with multiple shoot buds on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog media containing several combinations of hormones (1 μm 2,4-D; 10 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA; 5 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA + 5 μm NAA; 5 μ m BA + 15 μ m NAA). After three subcultures, only tissues maintained on the medium containing 5 μm BA + 5 μm NAA continued to form shoots. Tissues transferred to other media eventually died (1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μ m BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA; 5 μ m BA + 1 μ m 2,4-D), became unorganized (1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 15 μm NAA), or formed roots (10 μm 2,4-D). Whole plantlets were produced by transferring callus with buds to medium lacking hormones. The rapid regeneration of clonal plantlets from cotyledon explants may be useful for reducing variability in future developmental studies. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Cotton Resistance to 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray Drift 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Regier ◽  
R. E. Dilbeck ◽  
D. J. Undersander ◽  
J. E. Quisenberry
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Enhancement of Herbicide Activity with an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Several herbicides were tested in the greenhouse on ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.) to determine the degree of enhancement in activity that could be obtained with an isoparaffinic oil carrier applied at 140 L/ha. The enhancement varied with the herbicide and with the species, ranging from 16-fold enhancement with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) on ivyleaf morningglory to no enhancement of atrazine activity on purple nutsedge and quackgrass or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) activity on quackgrass and ivyleaf morningglory. An oil adjuvant was less effective in enhancing dinoseb and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) activity than was the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Also, the isoparaffinic oil carrier emulsified in water was less effective than the undiluted oil in enhancing dinoseb activity on green foxtail, even though equal volumes of the isoparaffinic oil were applied.

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