Herbicidal Control of Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams ◽  
David L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Secondary Target ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Several herbicides were evaluated for the control of velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. #3 LUPLE), a plant poisonous to sheep on western mountain ranges, and a secondary target species, mountain big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt. # ARTTR]. Change in foliar cover of the two target species and associated vegetation was used to evaluate efficacy of the herbicides. Velvet lupine cover was reduced by greater than 50% in the 1983 trial by the butyl ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae/ha, the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ae/ha, the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 2.2 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg/ha. Cover of velvet lupine and other forbs was reduced by drought in the spring of 1985 and obscured the comparison among herbicides in the 1984 trial. Cover of mountain big sagebrush was consistently reduced (>88%) by 2,4-D at 4.5 kg/ha in both trials, and by three rates of the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} (>67%) in the 1984 trial. Grass cover increased in plots where herbicides effectively reduced velvet lupine, forbs, and mountain big sagebrush.

Control of White Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
Larry V. Mickelsen ◽  
David L. Turner ◽  
Darwin B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Oxytropis Sericea ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Several herbicides were evaluated for control of white locoweed (Oxytropis sericeaNutt. T & G # OXRMA) and changes in botanical composition on two sites on high-elevation rangeland. White locoweed was more abundant and its population more stable on the rocky subalpine wind-swept ridge site than on the subalpine loam site. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae/ha eliminated white locoweed on the subalpine loam site, although the population on this site declined naturally. Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) was the most effective herbicide on the subalpine wind-swept site. Clopyralid at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ae/ha, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 2.2 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus clopyralid or picloram at 0.3 kg/ha killed all white locoweed plants. Lower rates of clopyralid (0.1 kg/ha), dicamba (0.6 and 1.1 kg/ha), 2,4-D (2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha), and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2~pyridinyl)oxy] acetic aicid)} (0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ae/ha) killed 45 to 84% of white locoweed plants. Grass cover increased on most treated areas where white locoweed, forbs, and sagebrush declined. Cattle consumption of white locoweed declined following application of 2,4-D.

Selective Control of Mountain Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentatassp.vaseyana) with Clopyralid

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Whisenant
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Purshia Tridentata ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Sprays of 2.2 kg ae/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 0.5, 1.1, or 2.2 kg ae/ha of clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) were applied at three Utah sites. The 2,4-D and 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha of clopyralid effectively controlled mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentataNutt. # ARTTR ssp.vaseyana). Applications of 2.2 kg/ha of 2,4-D resulted in 84% mortality of antelope bitterbrush [Purshia tridentata(Pursh.) DC] and killed 96% of the Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifoliaNutt.). Clopyralid applications of 2.2 kg/ha killed only 5% of the antelope bitterbrush and 6% of the Saskatoon serviceberry. Thus, clopyralid is an effective alternative to 2,4-D for control of mountain big sagebrush when the desirable shrubs antelope bitterbrush and/or Saskatoon serviceberry are present.

Total Alkaloid, Crude Protein, and Fiber Concentrations in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Total alkaloid concentration, percentage water, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber in velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. # LUPLE) were monitored for 3 weeks following application of herbicides registered or soon to be registered for rangeland use. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) caused some signs of epinasty but did not kill velvet lupine. Total alkaloid concentration and nutrient quality of velvet lupine leaves treated with these herbicides was not significantly different from untreated plants. Esters of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid} killed most velvet lupine plants and caused a subsequent decrease in total alkaloid concentration, crude protein, and water content as the plants desiccated. Herbicides that effectively killed velvet lupine decreased alkaloid levels, thus lowering the potential for increased livestock poisoning.

scholarly journals Fenoxaprop Activity Influenced by Auxin-like Herbicide Application Timing

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
M.A. Fidanza
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Fenoxaprop is used on turfgrasses to control smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Sweib.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] and other annual grass weeds. Our objective was to determine if a broadleaf weed herbicide (BWH = 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba) would affect fenoxaprop activity. The BWH was applied several days or weeks before and after fenoxaprop was applied. Smooth crabgrass control by fenoxaprop was reduced significantly when the BWH was applied ≤14 days before fenoxaprop was applied. Extremely poor crabgrass control occurred when fenoxaprop was tank-mixed with the BWH. There was no reduction in crabgrass control when the BWH was applied 21 days before or ≥3 days after fenoxaprop. Chemical names used: ethyl ester of (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fenoxaprop); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); (+)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (mecoprop); 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba).

Sensitivity of Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Reduced Rates of 2,4-D and Dicamba

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The effects of the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] on fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Great Northern Valley’) were studied in order to assess the potential hazards of using these herbicides in areas adjoining fieldbean production. Dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to fieldbeans at three different rates (1.1, 11.2, and 112.5 g ai/ha) and four different growth stages (preemergence, second trifoliolate leaf, early bloom, and early pod). Application of 2,4-D preemergence or in the second trifoliolate leaf stage of growth did not reduce seed yield, delay maturity, or reduce germination of seed obtained from treated plants. Dicamba or 2,4-D applied at 112.5 g/ha to fieldbeans in the early bloom or early pod stages of growth consistently reduced seed yield, delayed maturity, and reduced germination percentage. Fieldbeans exhibited a greater overall sensitivity to dicamba than to 2,4-D.

Response of Tropical Vegetation to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
C. C. Dowler ◽  
J. D. Diaz-Colon
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Tropical Vegetation ◽  
Cacodylic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Several herbicides and herbicide combinations were investigated for desiccation, defoliation, and killing of tropical vegetation near Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Hydroxydimethylarsine oxide (cacodylic acid) was one of the more effective defoliants on guava (Psidium guajavaL.) within 2 weeks after treatment. However, several herbicide combinations including contact: growth-regulator types were more effective 1 month after spraying. Six months after treatment, herbicides containing (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D), (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) were superior to contact herbicides in controlling regrowth. In a mixed tropical forest, most rapid desiccation and defoliation of vegetation was produced by 6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-a:2′,1′c) pyrazinediium salt (diquat) within 2 weeks after treatment. At 1 month after treatment and longer, the 1:1 mixture of the butyl ester of 2,4-D:2,4,5-T and a 2:2:1 mixture of the isooctyl esters of 2,4-D:2,4,5-T:picloram were superior to other herbicides.

Honeyvine Milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Response to Foliar Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Oliver G. Russ ◽  
Joseph P. O'Connor ◽  
Mark M. Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

A 3-yr experiment and a 1-yr experiment in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Newton’) and two 3-yr experiments in continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolorL. (Moench.) ‘Co-op SG-10’ or ‘DeKalb DX-42Y’] were conducted to evaluate selected foliage-applied herbicides for control of honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt # AMPAL]. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] applied at 3.4 kg ae/ha, glyphosate plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) applied at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied at 1.7 plus 1.1 kg ae/ha in summer between harvesting and planting winter wheat and in spring prior to planting grain sorghum effectively reduced honeyvine milkweed regrowth 1 yr after initial application in both cropping systems. One or two additional annual applications did not provide complete control in either cropping system. Applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae/ha dicamba at 1.1 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha were effective if applied consecutively for 3 yr in continuous winter wheat but not in continuous grain sorghum.

Control of Triazine-Resistant Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and Two Pigweed Species (Amaranthusspp.) in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patrick Fuerst ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Various chemical treatments were evaluated over two growing seasons for control of triazine-resistant common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) and for control of a triazine-resistant infestation containing both redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE) and Powell amaranth (A. powelliiS. Wats. # AMAPO). Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] provided unsatisfactory control of these biotypes. Satisfactory control of common lambsquarters was obtained with preemergence applications of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), or postemergence applications of dicamba, bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), or bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide]. Satisfactory control of pigweed was obtained with preemergence applications of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] or postemergence treatments of dicamba, bromoxynil, or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid].

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