Weed Seed Germination Under Simulated Drought

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
G. A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Seeds of five crop and 17 weed species were germinated with 0, 3, 6, and 10-bar water solutions of polyethylene glycol to simulate drought. With simulated drought, most weed species germinated better than soybeans (Glycine maxL. ‘Hampton 266A’) but were not equal to pearlmillet [Pennisetum typhoides(Burm.) Stapf. and C. E. Hubb ‘Millex 23’] or sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench xS. sudanense(Piper) ‘SX-16’]. Prickly sida (Sida spinosaL,), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), andIpomoea lacunosaL. were the most tolerant weed species to simulated drought. Four species were intermediate in tolerance and four species germinated poorly under simulated drought. Hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory] was the least tolerant and was similar to soybean.

Influence of Time of Planting and Distance from the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Row of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on Competitiveness with Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
J. E. Street ◽  
R. H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Influence of time of planting and distance from the cotton row of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) on yield of seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) was determined on Decatur clay loam during 1975 through 1978. Weed growth was measured in 1977 and 1978. Seeds of the three weed species were planted 15, 30, or 45 cm from the cotton row at time of planting cotton or 4 weeks later. Weeds planted 4 weeks after planting cotton grew significantly less than did weeds planted at the same time as cotton. When planted with cotton, redroot pigweed produced over twice as much fresh weight as did prickly sida or pitted morningglory. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect weed growth in 1978, but did in 1977. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect their competitiveness in any year as measured by yield of cotton. However, in each year, yields of cotton were reduced to a greater extent by weeds planted with cotton than when planted 4 weeks later. In 3 of 4 yr, there were significant differences in competitiveness of each of the three weed species with cotton.

Diurnal Leaf Movement Effects on Spray Interception and Glyphosate Efficacy

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Larry C. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Time of day at which a herbicide is applied can affect efficacy, and variability may be attributed to leaf angles at application. Spray interception by hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), and prickly sida (Sida spinosa) under day and night conditions was quantified by measuring interception of a 2-M potassium nitrate solution. Following the night application, interception by prickly sida, hemp sesbania, and sicklepod was reduced 17, 67, and 70%, respectively. In a second study in the greenhouse, glyphosate was applied to hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), prickly sida, and sicklepod at 6:00 and 11:00 A.M. and 4:00 and 9:00 P.M. Control of all species was dependent on the time of day treated, with night applications generally being less effective.

Allelopathic Potential of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw on Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Steinsiek ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Fred C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Germination And Growth

The allelopathic potential of wheat [Triticum aestivum(L.) ‘Doublecrop′] straw residue was evaluated on weed-seed germination and seedling growth. The inhibition of weed-seed germination and seedling growth was extract-, species-, and temperature-dependent. The extracts prepared by agitating and soaking caused greater inhibition than those obtained by leaching. The descending order of species susceptibility was ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), and Japanese barnyard millet [Echinochloa crus-gallivar.frumetaceae(Roxb.) Link]. Incubation at 35 C caused the greatest inhibition of germination and growth.

The Effects of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds on Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Williams ◽  
Robert E. Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Hydrocinnamic Acid ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumarin,p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, fumaric acid, gallic acid, hydrocinnamic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid, juglone, and pyrocatechol were examined for effects on germination of nine crop and weed species: cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cantaloupe (Cucumis meloL.), corn (Zea maysL.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cary], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.). Germination tests with 10-3and 10-5M solutions were conducted under controlled conditions in petri dishes at 25 C in the dark. At 10-3M, coumarin, hydrocinnamic acid, juglone and pyrocatechol inhibited germination, butp-hydroxybenzaldehyde andp-hydroxybenzoic acid were not effective and others had intermediate effects. There was little effect by any compound at 10-5M. Chlorogenic acid,p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and pyrocatechol, each combined with coumarin, inhibited germination. The combination of coumarin plusp-hydroxybenzaldehyde had an additive effect on hemp sesbania and prickly sida, inhibiting germination to a greater extent than either compound alone. The lack of inhibitory action at the higher concentration of some of these chemicals suggests they may not exhibit a high allelopathic potential.

Combine Harvesting Affects Weed Seed Germination

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Bins ◽  
Better Than

Seed of three weed species collected from the grain bins of combines while standing hard red winter wheat was harvested germinated better than hand-harvested seed. Combine-harvested curly dock seed germinated from 4 to 24% more than hand-harvested seed. Curly dock seed harvested with a commercial-type combine germinated better than those harvested with a small-plot combine. Harvesting slimleaf lambsquarters and Venice mallow seed with a commercial-type combine also enhanced germination compared to hand-harvested seed.

Peanut Weed Control Systems Utilizing RE-408851

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Mueller ◽  
P. A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Abstract RE-40885 (5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-3-(trifluoromethyl phenyl)-3(2H)-furanone), a newly developed herbicide with soil and foliar activity, was evaluated for weed control in peanuts (Arachis hypogea L.). RE-40885 applied to the soil or foliage provided excellent Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) control at rates of 0.56 to 1.12 kg ai/ha. Sequential applications of RE-40885 were needed to achieve > 90% sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) control. Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) was not adequately controlled by any of the RE-40885 treatments evaluated. Peanuts were not injured by RE-40885 at any of the evaluated rates or application times. The combination of RE-40885 and 2,4-DB applied early postemergence improved sicklepod control 8 weeks after planting when compared to either RE-40885 or 2,4-DB applied alone. The combination of R E-40885 and alachlor applied at peanut emergence improved morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) control 8 weeks after planting and increased peanut yield when compared to either applied alone. All treatments containing RE-40885 resulted in peanut yields that were significantly better than nontreated weedy control plots.

Fusarium lateritium: A Pathogen of Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lynn Walker
Keyword(s):  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

An isolate ofFusarium lateritium(Nees) emend. Snyder and Hansen was associated with naturally occurring disease of spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.] and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) plants. In greenhouse inoculation studies, theFusariumisolate was pathogenic to healthy spurred anoda and prickly sida plants. The disease symptoms were characterized by leaf, stem, and root lesions. The stem lesions enlarged with time and formed cankers that often girdled the stems and killed inoculated plants. In host-range studies, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.), okra [Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench], and hollyhock [Althaea rosea(L.) Cav.] were also susceptible to the pathogen. This is the first report of these six species as hosts for this pathogen. Corn (Zea maysL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. andG. barbadenseL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], and 18 other representative crop and weed species in eight families were resistant to the pathogen.F. lateritiummay be a useful biological herbicide for susceptible malvaceous weeds.

Utility of Clomazone for Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Leslie D. Fortner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments conducted in 1988 and 1989 evaluated clomazone alone and in a systems approach for weed control in peanut. Clomazone PPI at 0.8 kg ai/ha controlled common ragweed, prickly sida, spurred anoda, and tropic croton better than ethalfluralin and/or metolachlor applied PPI. POST application of acifluorfen plus bentazon was not needed to control these weeds when clomazone was used. Acifluorfen plus bentazon improved control of these weeds when clomazone was not used and generally were necessary to obtain peanut yields regardless of the soil-applied herbicides. Alachlor PRE did not improve clomazone control of any weed species evaluated. Fall panicum and large crabgrass control was similar with clomazone or clomazone plus ethalfluralin.

Weed Seed Contamination of Cotton Gin Trash

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Clifford H. Koger
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Cotton gins in Arkansas, western Tennessee, and western Mississippi were sampled for weed seed contamination of gin trash in fall 2007. A total of 473 samples were collected, with 453 samples from Arkansas. The objectives of this research were to determine the weed species most frequently found in gin trash and determine what means gin operators are using to dispose of gin trash. There were 25 weed species found in the gin trash samples—11 grass and 14 broadleaf weeds. Grass and broadleaf weeds were present in 41.4 and 8.5% of the samples, respectively. The most frequently found species were large crabgrass (19.0%), barnyardgrass (14.0%), goosegrass (12.9%), red sprangletop (8.2%) and Palmer amaranth (4.2%). Viable seeds of barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and prickly sida were present in the surface layer (0- to 25-cm depth) of gin trash piles after 1 yr of composting. Viable Palmer amaranth seeds were present in the surface layer of gin trash piles after 2 yr of composting, but no germinable seeds were found deeper than 25 cm following 1 yr of composting. Gin trash disposal involved application of the material to crop fields during the fall or winter months; composting followed by application of the compost as mulch or a soil amendment to gardens, flower beds, or crop fields; use as cattle feed; and coverage for landfills to reduce erosion and encourage growth of vegetation. Because of the demonstrated potential for weed seed dispersal via gin trash, including composted material, development of technologies to ensure disposal of a gin-trash product free of viable weed seed are justified.

Glyphosate and Paraquat Effects on Weed Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Egley ◽  
R. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Weed Emergence

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (30, 125, 250 mg/L) in petri dishes had no effect on germination of prickly sida(Sida spinosaL.), velvetleaf(Abutilon theophrastiMedic), barnyardgrass [Echinocloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] and johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] seeds, but additional experimentation indicated that glyphosate stimulated germination of redroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexusL.) seeds. Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) (30, 125, 250 mg/L) did not affect germination of the three broadleaf species, but inhibited johnsongrass and barnyardgrass germination. In the greenhouse, soil surface applications of glyphosate (1.1, 2.2, 9.0 kg/ha) did not significantly affect emergence of these five weed species when they were on or beneath the soil surface at time of treatment. Paraquat (same rates) did not affect broadleaf weed emergence but some rates inhibited grass weed emergence when the seeds were treated while on the soil surface. It is unlikely that normal field use rates of glyphosate will influence weed emergence; whereas paraquat may inhibit the emergence of some grass weeds if the herbicide contacts seeds on the soil surface.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document