Differential Butylate Injury to Corn Hybrids

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Wright ◽  
C. E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Injury to corn (Zea maysL.) fromS-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (butylate) was investigated with respect to hybrid. Field experiments in 1971 at Dillon and Clemson, South Carolina, established that the corn hybrid ‘Coker 71’ was more tolerant to butylate than ‘Pioneer 511A’. Also established as being tolerant and sensitive to butylate were the hybrids ‘Pioneer 3030’ and ‘PAG 644’, respectively. Laboratory studies with14C-butylate showed that the resistant hybrid ‘Pioneer 3030’ took up less14C-butylate and metabolized more to14CO2than did ‘PAG 644’.

Combined Effects of Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides with Terbufos and Piperonyl Butoxide on Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Soon Kwon ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of six corn hybrids and two soybean varieties to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides applied with terbufos and/or piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a mixed function oxidase (MFO) inhibitor. Field experiments also were conducted to determine the response of six corn hybrids to the combination treatments, terbufos plus ALS inhibitor herbicides and/or PBO and/or antidote. PBO at 0.33 kg/ha tank-mixed with nicosulfuron and primisulfuron injured the Northrup King 9283 corn hybrid. Great Lakes 584 corn was less sensitive than Northrup King 9283 to these combination treatments. Pioneer 3377 IR corn hybrid was resistant to the combination of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron plus PBO at 2 kg/ha and also to the combination treatments of imazethapyr herbicide plus PBO even though terbufos was previously applied. ICI 8532 IT, ICI 8532, and Pioneer 3377 hybrids were injured by the combination of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron and/or terbufos and/or PBO at 2 kg/ha. ICI 8532 IT corn hybrid was not injured by the combination treatment of imazethapyr or thifensulfuron and terbufos. In the field studies, Pioneer 3377 IR and Ciba 4393 RSC hybrids were resistant to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides even when applied with PBO regardless of the presence of terbufos. All treatments of chlorimuron plus terbufos caused considerable injury to ICI 8532 IT, ICI 8532, Pioneer 3377, and Ciba 4393, but not Pioneer 3377 IR and Ciba 4393 RSC. The combination of thifensulfuron with PBO injured Elgin ‘87 soybean, but the W20 soybean was tolerant to this combination treatment. Combination of imazethapyr with PBO did not affect the growth of Elgin ‘87 soybean.

Sweet Corn Hybrid Sensitivity to Clopyralid

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Shane Diebold ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Limited information exists on sweet corn tolerance to postemergence (POST) applications of clopyralid under Ontario growing conditions. Eight sweet corn hybrids were evaluated for tolerance to clopyralid in three field experiments conducted in 2001 and 2002 in Ontario. Clopyralid was applied POST at 200 and 400 g ai/ha, the proposed and twice the proposed registered rate for use in sweet corn in Ontario. Sweet corn response to clopyralid did not vary among the hybrids tested. In 2001, visual injury among hybrids 7 d after treatment (DAT) with clopyralid at 400 g/ha was less than 3%. Subsequent visual injury evaluations at 14 and 28 DAT showed no differences among sweet corn hybrids at either rate of clopyralid evaluated. The application of clopyralid at 200 and 400 g/ ha had no detrimental effect on plant height or marketable yield of any of the eight sweet corn hybrids. On the basis of visual injury, height, and marketable yield response ‘Calico Belle’, ‘CNS 710’, ‘DelMonte 2038’, ‘GG 222’, ‘GG 246’, ‘GH 2684’, ‘Reveille’, and ‘Rival’ are all tolerant to the POST application of clopyralid.

Weed Control and Crop Injury in Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) Using Imazethapyr

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-754
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Garold W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Control Option ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Better Than

Imidazolinone-resistant and -tolerant corn hybrids give growers a new weed control option. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate imazethapyr for controlling weeds in no-till corn planted into winter wheat stubble in a winter wheat–ecofallow corn rotation. Imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) corn were protected genetically from injury by imazethapyr that was applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence to ‘Pioneer Brand 3417,’ ‘Pioneer Brand 3417 IR,’ ‘ICI Seeds 8532,’ and ‘ICI Seeds 8532 IT’ hybrids. No difference in corn injury occurred between IR and IT corn. Imazethapyr applied to resistant or tolerant corn hybrids could be used to control weeds in ecofallow corn. Imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ai/ha controlled triazine-resistant kochia better than the standard herbicide treatment of metolachlor plus cyanazine.

Response of three corn hybrids to defoliation of neighboring plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Vasilas ◽  
J. J. Fuhrmann ◽  
R. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Hail Damage ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

Hail can cut completely through the whorl of young corn (Zea mays) plants causing complete defoliation. If only a portion of the stand is damaged, defoliated plants are subjected to shading by nondefoliated neighboring plants which benefit from reduced competition for light. Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 at the University of Illinois on a Flanagan silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll) to determine the relative contribution of both defoliated and nondefoliated plants to yield of the stand. Three hybrids were evaluated: Pioneer 3377, FR27 × FRMo17, and FRB73 × FR25. At the four-leaf stage the following treatments were imposed: cutting through the whorl of all plants 50 mm above ground level to effect complete defoliation (100-DEF) or cutting through the whorl of alternate plants (50-DEF). When compared to nondefoliated controls, the 100-DEF and 50-DEF treatments reduced grain yields on the average by 12.3 and 8.3%, respectively. No hybrid × defoliation interaction was detected for grain yield. With the 50-DEF treatment, compensation by nondefoliated plants was evident in the form of increased ears plant−1 and kernels ear−1, and 100-seed weight depending on the hybrid and year. Increased barrenness was a significant factor in decreased yields of defoliated plants only for FR27 × FRMo17 in one year. Key words: Zea mays L., hail damage, yield components, prolificacy, barrenness

scholarly journals Sweet Corn Hybrid Responses to Thifensulfuron-methyl

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Darren E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Limited information exists on sweet corn (Zea mays) tolerance to postemergence (POST) applications of thifensulfuron-methyl under Ontario growing conditions. Eight sweet corn hybrids were evaluated for tolerance to thifensulfuron-methyl in four field experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004. Thifensulfuron-methyl was applied POST at 6 and 12 g·ha–1 a.i., the registered and twice the registered rate for use in soybean in Ontario. Sweet corn hybrid responses to thifensulfuron-methyl varied. Delmonte 2038 was the most sensitive to thifensulfuron-methyl and had as much as 92% visual injury, 76% height reduction, and 98% yield reduction compared to the nontreated control. Empire, GH1861, GH2298, and GH2684 hybrids showed visual injury of 53%, 55%, 53%, and 61%, height reduction of 34%, 31%, 32%, and 26% and yield reduction of 77%, 68%, 68%, and 51%, respectively. GG214, GH2547, and GSS9299 sweet corn hybrids were not as sensitive to thifensulfuron-methyl. The initial sensitivity observed in these hybrids was minimal and transient with no effect on yield. Although thifensulfuron-methyl is safe for use on some sweet corn hybrids, it has the potential to cause severe crop injury and yield reduction in other hybrids and therefore it should not be recommended for weed management in sweet corn production in Ontario.

Nicosulfuron Tolerance in Sweet Corn (Zea mays) as Affected by Hybrid, Rootworm Insecticide, and Nicosulfuron Treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill J. Williams ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Sweet corn tolerance to nicosulfuron as affected by interactions between nicosulfuron applied postemergence (POST), sweet corn hybrid, and rootworm insecticide applied at planting was determined in 1992 and 1993 field experiments. Sweet corn vigor was reduced as nicosulfuron rate increased from 35 to 140 g ai/ha. Sweet corn vigor was reduced 4% more by nicosulfuron with oil emulsifier mixture than nicosulfuron with non-ionic surfactant one week after treatment (WAT). Adjuvant selection did not influence nicosulfuron injury to sweet corn 2 WAT. Nicosulfuron applied postemergence directed (PDIR) caused less sweet corn injury than nicosulfuron applied broadcast POST. ‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was more sensitive to nicosulfuron and insecticide treatments than ‘Excellency’ or ‘Green Giant 40.’ Nicosulfuron reduced sweet corn vigor twice as much when terbufos was applied at planting compared to no insecticide at planting. Neither chlorpyrifos or chlorethoxyfos at planting increased sweet corn injury due to nicosulfuron compared to no insecticide. Excellency and Green Giant 40 yields were not reduced by any treatment. Yields were reduced only when nicosulfuron was applied to Jubilee treated with terbufos. Jubilee yield reduction from nicosulfuron and terbufos was prevented by applying nicosulfuron PDIR.

The Influence of Terbufos on the Response of Five Corn (Zea mays) Hybrids to CGA-136872

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Holshouser ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Harold R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Soil Insecticides

Field experiments were established to investigate the influence of terbufos on the response of five corn hybrids to postemergence applications of CGA-136872. In 1987, Asgrow RX404, Dekalb DK656, Funk's G4673A, and Pioneer P3165 were tolerant to CGA-136872 when no soil insecticides were applied. In 1988, terbufos was applied at 1.1 kg ai ha-1in-furrow at planting. Injury was observed on all hybrids following CGA-136872 application in 1988. With the exception of Funk's G4307, all hybrids were tolerant to CGA-136872 in 1989 when no soil insecticide was used. When terbufos was applied in-furrow, injury increased with increasing herbicide rate for these hybrids.

Herbicide Programs for the Control of ALS-Resistant Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in Corn (Zea mays)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. King ◽  
Edward S. Hagood
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Experienced Difficulty ◽  
Corn Hybrid ◽  
Better Than

Growers from three counties in Virginia have recently experienced difficulty controlling shattercane in corn with acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides. Seed was collected from these locations and from a susceptible biotype and tested for resistance to imazethapyr, imazapyr, and nicosulfuron in greenhouse trials. Seedlings from these locations were also treated with glufosinate and glyphosate. Greenhouse experiments indicated that one of the four shattercane biotypes was resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Effective control of the resistant biotype was possible with glufosinate or glyphosate. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the most effective herbicide program utilizing herbicide-tolerant/-resistant corn hybrids for the control of shattercane. Early postemergence (EP) and late postemergence (LP) applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or EP nicosulfuron did not control shattercane, and yield from the imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) hybrid was equivalent between these treatments and was equivalent to yield from the weedy control (WC). At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In both years, LP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate controlled shattercane better than did EP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate. Treatment timing with respect to corn yield within either the glufosinate-resistant (LL) or glyphosate-resistant (RR) corn hybrid was critical. EP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate resulted in yields that were equivalent to yield from the weed-free control (WFC) of each hybrid. LP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate, however, resulted in yields that were equivalent to only 90 and 91% of yield from the WFC of each hybrid, respectively.

Corn (Zea mays) Response to Post-directed Sethoxydim Under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
James R. Smart ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Fred W. Roeth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Corn Hybrid ◽  
Corn Grain

Four corn hybrids were evaluated for tolerance to sethoxydim at 110 and 220 kg ha–1applied post-directed at two growth stages (V6–7 and V10–11). Dryland corn grain yields did not respond to sethoxydim, while irrigated corn yields were sensitive to sethoxydim treatments. Sethoxydim at 220 g ha–1reduced the grain yield of hybrid 3377 by 12% at both growth stages. Sethoxydim at the same rate reduced grain yield of hybrid 3379 by 15% when applied to V6–7 corn. Hybrid 3475 had an 11% grain yield reduction from sethoxydim applied at either dosage to V10–11 corn. Under irrigated conditions, a trend toward reduced grain yield was observed for hybrid 3183 at all application times and sethoxydim rates. Corn ear weights and kernel weights differed among hybrids but did not exhibit a response to sethoxydim within hybrids. Visual evaluation for crop injury and measured corn heights did not indicate a response to sethoxydim. There was no yield response in any hybrid to 110 g ha–1applied to V6–7 stage corn indicating this treatment was safe to use on all hybrids evaluated.

Basis of Differential Tolerance of Two Corn Hybrids (Zea mays) to Metolachlor

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles K. Cottingham ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Metolachlor ◽  
Chloroacetanilide Herbicide

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the basis of differential response of two corn hybrids to the chloroacetanilide herbicide metolachlor. In greenhouse experiments, metolachlor at 6.7 kg ha−1reduced the height of the susceptible ‘Northrup-King 9283’ corn by 53% relative to untreated controls and caused extensive visible injury 14 d after treatment Under the same conditions, the height of metolachlor-treated ‘Cargill 7567’ corn seedlings was reduced by only 18% without any visible herbicide injury. The14C-metolachlor was more rapidly absorbed by the emerging shoot of the metolachlor-susceptible hybrid, Northrup-King 9283. Thus, differential metolachlor tolerance may be due in part to processes at the level of herbicide uptake. Metabolism experiments revealed that both hybrids were able to conjugate14C-metolachlor with glutathione at similar rates. However, glutathioneS-transferase activity increased earlier during seedling development and reached higher activities in the metolachlor-tolerant hybrid, Cargill 7567.

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