Rates of Herbicides in Irrigated Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
H. F. Arle ◽  
K. C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Annual Weeds

Rates of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) applied preplanting were combined with rates of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] applied postemergence in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Deltapine 16’). In another experiment, two levels of these herbicides were applied in three populations of cotton. All herbicide combinations improved weed control, compared to that of cultivated checks. Applications of 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg/ha of trifluralin combined with 0.56 kg/ha of diuron controlled annual weeds and produced the highest cotton yields. Herbicide treatments had more influence than crop spacing on weed control and crop yield. Weed competition on cultivated checks affected boll weight, seed per boll, and fiber fineness.

Influence of Weed Competition on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Earl R. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Annual Weeds

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) grown at two locations in Alabama from 1966 to 1968 produced maximum yields when kept free of annual weeds for approximately 8 weeks after emergence. Weed control for longer periods failed to increase yields. When initial weed control measures were delayed until 6 to 7 weeks after emergence at one location and 4 to 5 weeks at the other location, cotton was not injured. Prolonged weed competition past the critical periods usually resulted in drastic cotton yield reductions. Plant height and stem diameter of cotton were reduced by some of the weed competition treatments.

scholarly journals Herbicide Evaluation for Sweet Potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lii-Chyuan Liu ◽  
Edwin Acevedo-Borrero ◽  
F. H. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rate Controlled

Two herbicide experiments were carried out in 1980 to evaluate Alachor and Metribuzin alone or combined for weed control in sweet potato cultivar Miguela at the Isabela and Fortuna Substations, Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha rate controlled effectively both broadleaf weeds and grasses. A minimum rate of 6.73 kg ai/ha of Alachor was needed for acceptable weed control. Metribuzin at the 1.12 kg al/ha rate in combination with Alachor at the 3.36 kg ai/ha rate provided the best weed control. There was no visible herbicide injury to sweet potato plants at the Isabela Substation. Moderate crop injury as a consequence of Metribuzin application at 2.24 kg ai/ha was apparent at the Fortuna Substation. The highest tuber yield was obtained with Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha in combination with Alachor at 3.36 kg ai/ha at both Substations. Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha rate alone or in combination with any other herbicide also produced good tuber yield. Sweet potatoes with standard herbicide treatments, Diphenamid and Chloramben, yielded poorly because of weed competition.

Weed and Disease Responses to Herbicides in Single- and Double-Row Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Miller ◽  
C. H. Carter ◽  
R. H. Garber ◽  
J. E. DeVay
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Annual Weeds

For 3 yr, herbicide treatments of preplant trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), postemergence diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], both herbicides, or none were superimposed on cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2′) grown on beds centered at 102 cm using a single row or two rows spaced 28 cm apart. Cotton stand, after thinning, was 5.1 plants/m in each cotton row. Herbicides controlled annual weeds regardless of planting pattern. Cultivation, without herbicides, controlled annual grass weeds much better in cotton grown in single rows than in double rows. Preplant applications of trifluralin did not influence populations of cotton plants, regardless of row pattern. Single- and double-row plots treated with trifluralin always yielded more than untreated double rows. In two of three seasons, however, single-row plots without herbicides yielded as much as those treated with trifluralin. The lower yields in the double-row cotton were associated with reduced annual grass control especially in plots not treated with trifluralin. Weed control treatments or planting patterns did not influence the occurrence ofPythium ultimumTrow orRhizoctonia solaniKühn on cotton seedlings. The presence ofThielaviopsis basicola(Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlings was not influenced by planting pattern but was increased by trifluralin in the third year of the study. Percentage of cotton plants with symptoms of verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliaeKleb.) was not influenced by weed control treatments, but the percentage of diseased plants was higher in single-row than in double-row planting patterns. We attribute this response to fewer plants per hectare in single rows compared to double rows.

Topical Applications of DSMA and MSMA in Irrigated Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Arle ◽  
K. C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Lint Percentage ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Topical Applications

Single topical applications of monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) affected cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) growth more than did similar disodium methanearsonate (DSMA) applications. There was usually no difference in yield among rates and dates with single applications of DSMA. Single applications of MSMA at later dates and higher rates reduced yields. Repeated topical applications of MSMA reduced yields and affected boll weight, lint percentage, number of seed per boll, and fiber fineness as compared with these properties of cotton treated once with MSMA. Response of cotton to MSMA was related to the number of applications and rate of herbicide. Repeated applications of DSMA affected cotton yield, lint percentage, and number of seed per boll less than did MSMA.

Effect of row width on herbicide and cultivation requirements in row crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Mark E. Westgate ◽  
Dennis D. Warnes
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractCrops grown in narrow rows (NR, 0.25 to 0.38 m) shade weed seedlings more than do those grown in traditional wide rows (WR, 0.76 m). NR crops may require less herbicide and interrow cultivation than WR crops for equally effective weed control. This hypothesis was tested by comparing weed control and crop yield in NR and WR crops when the following percentages of recommended application rates (RAR) of standard herbicides were applied: soybean, 0, 50 and 100%; sunflower, 0, 25, 50, and 100%; and corn, 0, 33, and 100% in three separate sets of experiments conducted over 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively. In all treatments with 100% RAR, excellent weed control prevented reductions in crop yield. When only 25 to 50% RAR was applied, weed control was consistently high in NR (82 to 99% control), but variable in WR (42 to 99% control). Weed control and crop yields typically were lowest in NR without herbicides. Interrow cultivation controlled 0 to 81% of weeds in WR crops. In reduced herbicide treatments (25 to 50% RAR), yields of NR soybean and sunflower typically were about equal to those in WR with 100% RAR, but NR corn yields were about 10% less. Considering the reduced herbicide use and lower weed control costs, planting corn, soybean, and sunflower in narrow rows may represent a practical form of low-input production of these important crops.

Manipulation of sunflower population density and herbicide rate for economical and sustainable weed management

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2751-2758
Author(s):  
EDITA ŠTEFANIĆ ◽  
SLAVICA ANTUNOVIĆ ◽  
BOŽICA JAPUNDŽIĆ-PALENKIĆ ◽  
DINKO ZIMA
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Weed Infestation

Field study tested weed control efficacy, crop yield and economic return using various weed management strategies in sunflower growing with different population density. Treatments included four rates of PRE emergence application of S-metolachlor + fluchloridon and one POST emergence application of flumioxazin + quizalofop-pethyl. PRE-em application (1.4 + 2.4 and 1.2 + 2.0) provided at the higher crop densities (70 000) best weed control. However, PRE- em treatments with lower doses (0.8 + 1.6 and 1.0 + 1.8) and POST- em application did not maintain acceptable control of dominant weeds. Grain yield increased with the crop density, but did not statistically differ between applied herbicide treatments. Finally, the implication of this study demonstrated that sole application of tested herbicide treatments at higher crop sowing density (60 000 and 70 000) was found to be economically the best alternative strategy for reducing weed infestation and achieving a better yield.

EFFECT OF WEED COMPETITION AND WEED CONTROL PROGRAMS ON RUTABAGA YIELD

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Weed Removal

The effects of different periods of weed competition and of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), niclofen (2,4-dichloro-phenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), and cultivations were studied for effects on yield of rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica Mill. ’York’). Delaying weed removal for 4 wk after crop emergence significantly reduced yields of marketable and total roots compared with plots kept weed-free all season. Delayed weeding beyond 4 wk resulted in progressively greater reductions in yield. Rutabagas kept weed-free for 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk from crop emergence by once-weekly weeding gave yields comparable to those kept weed-free all season. Herbicide treatments without hand-weeding gave significantly lower yields than those with one hand-weeding. The use of three hand-weedings with herbicides was not significantly better than herbicides with one hand-weeding. Level of weed control was dependent on weed species present in the test area; however, a combination of trifluralin and niclofen gave a broader spectrum of control and better crop yields than either used alone.

Sugarcane Tolerance and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control with Paraquat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey M. Ellis ◽  
Patrick A. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year

Paraquat applied from mid-February through early April over 2 yr was evaluated for sugarcane tolerance and Italian ryegrass control. Sugarcane 31 cm tall at application was injured 16 to 25% and 8 to 14% 28 and 56 d, respectively, after mid-March application of paraquat at 0.35 or 0.70 kg ai/ha. Early-April application to 61-cm-tall sugarcane caused 13 to 25% injury. The observed injury was not reflected in reduced sugarcane shoot population or height or sugarcane or sugar yield when compared with diuron, the standard herbicide treatment. Italian ryegrass control 28 d after the mid-February application of paraquat alone at 0.53 or 0.70 kg/ha was variable, ranging from 80% in 1994 to no more than 66% in 1995. For each year, diuron at 3.2 kg/ha in combination with both rates of paraquat increased Italian ryegrass control 28 d after the mid-February application 11 to 17 percentage points. At 56 d after the mid-February application, addition of diuron proved beneficial only in 1994 when the paraquat and diuron combinations controlled ryegrass 93% compared with no more than 62% for paraquat applied alone. In contrast, Italian ryegrass was controlled the second year no more than 80% 56 d after the mid-February application of paraquat alone or with diuron. Paraquat applied at 0.70 kg/ha with diuron in mid-March controlled Italian ryegrass 80 and 86% 28 d after treatment in 1994 and 1995, respectively. For the standard herbicides metribuzin, terbacil, and diuron applied in mid-March, weed control was no greater than 38%. Although differences in Italian ryegrass control among herbicide treatments were observed, efficacy was sufficient to reduce weed competition such that sugarcane growth and yield were not negatively affected.

Tolerance of Chickpeas to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Howard Nelson ◽  
Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractChickpea producers currently have no POST applied herbicides labeled for broadleaf weed control and rely heavily on PRE herbicides to manage weeds. Severe crop losses from broadleaf weed competition and harvest losses from weeds impeding harvest can occur when PRE herbicides perform poorly. Chickpea tolerance to POST applications of acifluorfen at 0.42 kg ai ha-1 and fomesafen at 0.28 kg ai ha-1 was tested at two sites in 2015. In 2016, both herbicides were tested on chickpeas when applied alone and in combination with pyridate at three sites. Acifluorfen and fomesafen injured chickpeas from 8 to 25% at 1 week after treatment (WAT) and 3 to 8% at 4 WAT in 2015 and from 16 to 40% at 1 WAT and 2 to 36% at 4 WAT in 2016. Pyridate applied POST at 1.00 kg ai ha-1 did not injure chickpeas or reduce yields. When pyridate was tank mixed with either acifluorfen or fomesafen, chickpea injury increased, but chickpeas recovered and yielded similar to nontreated checks or pyridate-treated plots. A low rate of metribuzin at 0.06 kg ai ha-1 tank mixed with pyridate had little impact on chickpea injury or weed control. In 2015, Russian thistle was controlled 100% by acifluorfen and fomesafen at Prosser at 28 DAT and both herbicides controlled the weed only 63% at Wilbur at 25 DAT. In 2016, all herbicide treatments reduced broadleaf weed densities equally ranging from 95 to 100% at Paterson, 50 to 100% at Prosser, and 78 to 98% at Wilbur. Chickpea yield was similar among POST herbicide treatments in all site-years. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, and pyridate have potential to improve control of susceptible broadleaf weeds that escape PRE herbicides chickpea production, but the potential for crop injury with acifluorfen and fomesafen warrant further evaluation.

Weed control in peanuts in north Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
D Hawton ◽  
IDG Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Foliar Damage

Experiments conducted over two seasons with Virginia Bunch peanuts on krasnozem soils in north Queensland showed that cultivation controlled weeds sufficiently to prevent significant reduction of crop value. In one of these experiments two cultivations made 2 and 5 weeks after sowing increased the percentage of edible kernel by a mean of 4.8%. A range of herbicides tested in conjunction with cultivation did not significantly increase crop yields or weed control over that obtained by cultivation. Most of the herbicide treatments had no adverse effects on crop yield although some foliar damage occurred on plants treated with vernolate, MCPB, 2,4-DB and dinoseb. Vernolate, incorporated before planting at 4.78 kg active ingredient ha-1 caused a reduction in yield of nut-in-shell and in crop value when compared with the hand weeded, cultivated control. In both experiments, uncontrolled weeds markedly reduced crop yields (by a mean of 69%) and their monetary value (by a mean of 68%). In a third experiment a single application of 2,4-DB plus dinbseb (0.5 kg acid equivalent ha-1 each) made 3 weeks after sowing, with or without multiple applications of 2,4-DB (0.5 kg acid equivalent ha-1) made at 6,9 and 12 weeks, did not significantly reduce crop yields or values, and increased the control of Hyptis suaveolens and other broad-leaved weeds when compared with a standard trifluralin-plus cultivation treatment.

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