Economic Assessment of Weed Control Systems for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Michael G. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Net Returns

Traditional weed control systems based on soil-applied herbicides and cultivations were compared with systems utilizing postemergence grass herbicides for Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckle. # PANTE) control in peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner′) production. Maximum net returns ($150/ha) and peanut yield were achieved with traditional systems utilizing benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] applied preplant incorporated plus alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] applied at ground cracking and two cultivations. The postemergence system using alachlor plus dinoseb applied at ground cracking and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} applied postemergence also provided maximum net returns ($146/ha) and peanut yield.

Low-Cost Weed Control Systems for Close-Row Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Aubrey C. Mixon ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Yields

Weed control, yield, quality, and net return in reduced-cost and standard weed control systems were studied in “Sunbelt runner’ peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) planted in a twin-row pattern in 1982 to 85 at Tifton, GA, and 1982 to 84 at Headland, AL. Reduced herbicide rates and/or less expensive herbicides were used to decrease weed control costs. In years and locations where weed populations were low there were no differences in weed control, crop yield, or quality. The lowest cost treatment, which included three applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), caused reduced weed control at both locations in 1982 and reduced yield in 1982 and 1984. None of the systems consistently resulted in the highest weed control, crop yield, or quality. A system including reduced rates of preplant-incorporated herbicides followed by two applications of paraquat performed as well as the standard system but cost about 40% less. Due to low cost and generally high yields this system resulted in consistently high net returns. Results indicate that the potential exists for reducing herbicide inputs without sacrificing yield or quality.

Postemergence Weed Control Systems Without Dinoseb for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Tracy A. Cole ◽  
T. Vint Hicks ◽  
John A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Postemergence treatments utilizing various combinations of fluazifop-P, paraquat, and 2,4-DB were compared to a preplant-incorporated (PPI) application of benefin followed by a ground-cracking application of alachlor and dinoseb plus naptalam and a postemergence application of 2,4-DB for weed control, peanut yield, and net economic return to land, overhead, and management. The greatest peanut yields (3-yr average of 4510 kg/ha) and net returns (3-yr average of $521/ha) were provided by a postemergence system that utilized one ground-cracking and one postemergence application of paraquat and one postemergence application of fluazifop-P and 2,4-DB. Seven postemergence systems provided equivalent or greater yield and net returns than the PPI and dinoseb plus naptalam system. Fresh weight reductions of Texas panicum, sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, and pitted morningglory from postemergence weed control systems were equivalent to reductions obtained from the PPI and dinoseb plus naptalam system. The addition of paraquat and 2,4-DB to the PPI and dinoseb plus naptalam system improved the 3-yr average peanut yield and net economic return by 510 kg/ha and $136/ha, respectively, compared to the same system without paraquat and 2,4-DB.

Residual Weed Control with Imazapic, Diclosulam, and Flumioxazin in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Grey ◽  
D. C. Bridges ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
E. F. Eastin ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Residual Control

Abstract Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996. These herbicides provide substantial residual control of broadleaf weeds in peanut. A comprehensive review was conducted for these residual herbicides to determine their role in future weed control systems in peanuts. Weed control data for research from over 100 experiments conducted from 1990–2000 by Georgia, Florida, and Auburn Universities and USDA-ARS scientists were compiled. Residual herbicide systems evaluated were imazapic postemergence (POST) at 71 g ai/ha, flumioxazin preemergence (PRE) at 70, 87, and 104 g ai/ha, diclosulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and PRE at 18 and 26 g ai/ha, and paraquat plus bentazon early POST (EPOST). Other treatments included the residual herbicides used in combination with paraquat plus bentazon EPOST, for a total of 17 treatments. Regionally important weeds were selected and included: sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, purple and yellow nut-sedge, Ipomoea morningglory species, and smallflower morningglory. Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate. Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon. Purple and yellow nutsedge control was 90% with imazapic. Yellow nutsedge control was 78% (18 tests) with diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE) and less than 69% with flumioxazin and paraquat plus bentazon. Paraquat plus bentazon increased weed control over residual herbicides alone.

Mowing as a Weed Control Supplement to Herbicides and Cultivation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Larry W. Wells ◽  
James H. Choate ◽  
Neil R. Martin ◽  
John M. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
No Value ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Growing Conditions

A 3-yr field study was conducted in peanut in which weed control systems with varying levels of herbicides, cultivation inputs, or both were supplemented with mowing to remove weeds extending above the crop canopy. Highest yield and net returns were consistently obtained with the highest level of herbicide/cultivation inputs, and mowing was of no value. However, mowing was consistently beneficial to yield and net return when the only other weed control inputs were paraquat and 2,4-DB applied at 4 wk after planting (WAP) and cultivation at 10 WAP. In the absence of any other weed control inputs, mowing was detrimental in a drought stress year, but beneficial in years with near-normal growing conditions. Although disease incidence was aggravated by the lack of weed control inputs, it was generally independent of mowing.

Economics of Weed Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides and Cultivations

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

The effectiveness and profitability of weed control with herbicides and cultivation were determined in peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner′) infested with Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA). Highest peanut yield (4260 kg/ha) and net returns were achieved in 2 of 3 yr with benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] applied preplant incorporated followed by alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide] and dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] plus naptalam {2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid} applied at ground cracking, with two timely cultivations. Systems utilizing herbicides alone did not provide highest net returns, peanut yield, or weed control.

Comparison of Imazethapyr and Paraquat-Based Weed Control Systems in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Krishna P. Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Field studies were conducted from 1991 through 1993 to compare Weed control, peanut tolerance, yield, and net return from imazethapyr applied alone or in combination with paraquat. Sicklepod and Florida beggarweed were controlled with paraquat early POST followed by a POST application of either paraquat with 2,4-DB or paraquat with 2,4-DB and bentazon. Imazethapyr-based early POST treatments offered no improvement. An early POST application of paraquat with bentazon or imazethapyr was required for maximum control of bristly starbur. Imazethapyr applied alone early POST, with no further treatment, provided optimum yellow nutsedge control. Maximum yield and net return were associated with any paraquat-containing early POST-applied treatment followed by one of the tank mixed POST options.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

Economic Assessment of Herbicide Systems for Minimum-Tillage Peanuts1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Michael G. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Equivalent Control

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 on a Dothan loamy sand at Headland, AL to evaluate herbicide systems for minimum tillage peanut (Arachia hypogaea L. Florunner) production. The influence of minimum tillage-herbicide systems on weed control, peanut yield, market grade, and net returns were examined. Two minimum tillage-herbicide systems provided greater yield and higher net returns with equivalent control of Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckle.) and Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.)DC] as compared to a conventional tillage-herbicide system. One of these systems included oryzalin [4-(dipropylamino)-3, 5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] and paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4,4′bipyridinium ion) applied preemergence followed by an early postemergence application of acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamide] and dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] and a postemergence-directed application of cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile). The other system included benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2)methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide) applied preplant-incorporated within-the-row followed by an early postemergence application of dinoseb and ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-)2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] and a postemergence-directed application of paraquat. Herbicide inputs for these two minimum tillage-herbicide systems were greater than for the conventional tillage-herbicide system.

Economic Yield Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Postemergence Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate timing of POST herbicide application in peanut for annual broadleaf weed control, peanut yield, and net returns. Bentazon tank-mixtures with either acifluorfen or paraquat controlled common lambsquarters, prickly sida, and morningglory species equally when applied either at ground-cracking (GC) or 2 wk after ground-cracking (2WGC). Paraquat controlled common lambsquarters least (32 to 33%). Bentazon plus acifluorfen plus BCH 81508S controlled 82% common lambsquarters at 2WGC compared with 66% control from bentazon plus acifluorfen plus a crop oil concentrate. Lactofen controlled 86% common lambsquarters when applied at GC compared to 34% at 2WGC. All applications applied at 4 wk after GC (4WGC) controlled essentially no annual broadleaf weeds. Higher yields and net returns were generally obtained with earlier herbicide applications. Bentazon tank-mixtures with acifluorfen provided equivalent peanut yields and net returns for GC and 2WGC applications.

Timing of Paraquat Applications for Weed Control in Virginia-type Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Charles W. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Better Than

Common ragweed was the most difficult to control of the species present and its control appeared to have the greatest effect on peanut yield. Preplant-incorporated (PPI) treatments provided no control of common ragweed but ethalfluralin plus vernolate PPI provided better than 90% control of yellow nutsedge and nearly 50% control of morningglory species. Single applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai ha−1following PPI applications of ethalfluralin or ethalfluralin plus vernolate provided less than 75% common ragweed control. Sequential applications of paraquat applied 1 and 3 weeks after peanut emergence (1 + 3 WAE) provided at least 81% common ragweed control. Peanut yield with ethalfluralin plus vernolate PPI followed by paraquat 1 WAE (4400 kg ha−1) was equivalent to the handweeded yield (4470 kg ha−1). Yields were not significantly less with the same PPI application followed by paraquat 1 + 3 WAE (3730 kg ha−1) or by acifluorfen plus bentazon 3 WAE (3730 kg ha−1), and ethalfluralin PPI followed by paraquat 1 + 3 WAE (3740 kg ha−1). Ethalfluralin plus vernolate PPI and paraquat 1 WAE provided the highest net returns of $1370 ha−1.

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