scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

Low-Cost Weed Control Systems for Close-Row Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Aubrey C. Mixon ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Yields

Weed control, yield, quality, and net return in reduced-cost and standard weed control systems were studied in “Sunbelt runner’ peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) planted in a twin-row pattern in 1982 to 85 at Tifton, GA, and 1982 to 84 at Headland, AL. Reduced herbicide rates and/or less expensive herbicides were used to decrease weed control costs. In years and locations where weed populations were low there were no differences in weed control, crop yield, or quality. The lowest cost treatment, which included three applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), caused reduced weed control at both locations in 1982 and reduced yield in 1982 and 1984. None of the systems consistently resulted in the highest weed control, crop yield, or quality. A system including reduced rates of preplant-incorporated herbicides followed by two applications of paraquat performed as well as the standard system but cost about 40% less. Due to low cost and generally high yields this system resulted in consistently high net returns. Results indicate that the potential exists for reducing herbicide inputs without sacrificing yield or quality.

scholarly journals Flumioxazin for Weed Control in Texas Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1993 to evaluate flumioxazin alone and in various herbicide programs for weed control in peanut. Flumioxazin alone provided inconsistent control of annual grasses, while the addition of pendimethalin or trifluralin improved control considerably. Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] control was > 75% when flumioxazin was used alone. Flumioxazin caused early season peanut stunting with some recovery within 4 to 6 wk. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr or lactofen increased peanut stunting.

Response of Peanut to PGR-IV™ Growth Regulator1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments in North Carolina in 1994 and 1995 determined virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to PGR-IV, a commercial hormonal growth regulator consisting of 30 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 27 mg/L of indolebutyric acid, and a proprietary fermentation broth. Treatments included PGR-IV applied once at 438 mL/ha 21, 45, 60, or 75 DAE (days after peanut emergence) or twice at 219 mL/ha at 21 and 45 DAE or 45 and 60 DAE. PGR-IV had no effect on peanut main stem or cotyledonary lateral branch length, yield, maturity, percentage of fancy pods, extra large kernels, or total sound mature kernels, or net returns.

Economic Yield Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Postemergence Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate timing of POST herbicide application in peanut for annual broadleaf weed control, peanut yield, and net returns. Bentazon tank-mixtures with either acifluorfen or paraquat controlled common lambsquarters, prickly sida, and morningglory species equally when applied either at ground-cracking (GC) or 2 wk after ground-cracking (2WGC). Paraquat controlled common lambsquarters least (32 to 33%). Bentazon plus acifluorfen plus BCH 81508S controlled 82% common lambsquarters at 2WGC compared with 66% control from bentazon plus acifluorfen plus a crop oil concentrate. Lactofen controlled 86% common lambsquarters when applied at GC compared to 34% at 2WGC. All applications applied at 4 wk after GC (4WGC) controlled essentially no annual broadleaf weeds. Higher yields and net returns were generally obtained with earlier herbicide applications. Bentazon tank-mixtures with acifluorfen provided equivalent peanut yields and net returns for GC and 2WGC applications.

DPX-PE350 for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 in Georgia to determine the efficacy of DPX-PE350 when applied either preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and early postemergence (EPOST) at rates of 40, 80, or 120 g ae ha-1 for weed control in peanut. Species evaluated included coffee senna [Cassia occidentalis (L.)], Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.], prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). Sicklepod was controlled better with either PPI or PRE applications than with EPOST. Coffee senna control was more consistent with DPX-PE350 applied EPOST. DPX-PE350 controlled prickly sida and smallflower morningglory regardless of application method and rate. DPX-PE350 did not control Florida beggarweed when soil applied. PPI applications were more injurious to peanut than PRE or EPOST applications. Peanut yields tended to decrease as DPX-PE350 rates increased.

scholarly journals Plant Population and Irrigation Effects on Spanish Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Chin Choy ◽  
J. F. Stone ◽  
R. S. Matlock ◽  
G. N. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Response Equation ◽  
Irrigation Effects

Abstract Both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions were imposed on various populations for three years using the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar Argentine. Row spacings were 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m. Within-row plant spacings ranged between 2 and 27 plants/m. The dependent variables of yield (kg/ha and g/plant), other kernels (%) and net return ($/ha) were fitted with a surface response equation Y = β1 + β2X1 + β3X12+ β4X2 + β5X22+ β6X1X2, with X1 spacing between rows and X2 spacing between plants within the row. This model fitted all dependent variables very well for both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Resulting interpolation of the data using the above equation indicated that the 0.25 m row spacing gave the highest yield of unshelled peanuts for both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Approximately 15 plants/m was the optimal plant spacing (in all row spacings) for maximum yield and quality. Integrating yield and quality in terms of net returns, the 0.25 m row spacing was optimal for production of Argentine peanuts. Computations based on the above equation and evaluated at constant population density (plants/ha) showed yield was still increased to the narrowest row spacing in the study. Subsequently, row spacing vs. yield studies with Starr and Comet cultivars were conducted over seven growing seasons at a spacing in the row of about 10 plants/m. Row spacing varied from 0.15 to 1 m. In every year, the narrow spacings outyielded the wider spacings.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Weed Management in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with AC 263,222

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Gerald R. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments conducted at four locations in Georgia and two locations in Florida during 1992 and 1993 evaluated AC 263,222 application rates and timings, systems, and mixtures for weed control, peanut injury, and yield. All rates of AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST controlledIpomoeamorningglories and smallflower morningglory at least 90%, and purple and yellow nutsedge at least 81%. Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control generally was highest when metolachlor was applied PPI followed by AC 263,222 applied EPOST at 71 g/ha, AC 263,222 at 27 or 36 g/ha plus bentazon plus paraquat applied POST, or with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Acifluorfen and acifluorfen plus bentazon reduced Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control at several locations when applied in mixture with AC 263,222. Common ragweed and hairy indigo control were 85 to 95% with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Highest peanut yields were obtained with treatments providing high levels of weed control.

scholarly journals Carfentrazone Plus Pyroxasulfone Combinations for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Aims: To determine peanut response and weed control following the use of carfentrazone plus pyroxasulfone (C + P). Study Design:  Randomized complete block design with 3-4 reps depending on location. Place and Duration of Study: Studies were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in south Texas near Yoakum (29.276o N, 97.123o W), the High Plains of Texas near Lamesa (32.769o N, 101.977o W) or Brownfield (33.104o N, 102.161o W), and southwestern Oklahoma near Ft. Cobb (35.091o N, 98.275o W). Methodology: Plots were infested with naturally occurring weed populations. Pendimethalin was applied either preplant incorporated (PPI) or preemergence (PRE). Early postemergence (EPOST) applications varied according to weather conditions and peanut growth at each location. Postemergence (POST) treatments were applied 26 to 58 days after planting. Weed control and peanut stunting were visually estimated on a scale of 0 to 100 (0 indicating no control or plant death and 100 indicating complete control or plant death). Results: Peanut stunting with C + P was only noted at the High Plains and Oklahoma locations in 2015 but not 2016. Urochloa texana (Buckl.) control with C + P (PRE) varied from 75 to 93%. POST applications provided inconsistent control.  Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. control with C + P (PRE) was at least 78% season-long while POST applications were inconsistent (24 to 100%).  Pendimethalin plus C + P controlled Cucumis melo L. var. Dudaim Naud. at least 80% late-season. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. control was excellent season-long (> 80%) in 2015 but poor (< 60%) in 2016.  Reduced peanut yields were noted with C + P in Oklahoma in 2015 to excessive season-long injury.    Conclusion: The premix of C + P has potential for use in peanut especially for control of many small-seeded annual broadleaf weeds that continue to plague many peanut growers across the southwest.  For effective broad-spectrum annual weed control season-long, the addition of pendimethalin to PRE applications will be required.

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