Control of Six Morningglory (Ipomoea) Species in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Mathis ◽  
L. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Small Flower ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Over The Top

A 4-yr field test was initiated in 1975 to determine susceptibility of a natural infestation of six morningglory species to herbicides which can be applied to the soil and foliage in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. The species studied were pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), entireleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriuscula], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], purple moonflower [Ipomoea muricata(L.) Jacq.], palmleaf morningglory [Ipomoea wrightii(Gray)], and small flower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia(L.) Griseb.]. Control with herbicides applied preplant incorporated and preemergence was dependent on morningglory species and on rainfall to allow plant uptake of the herbicide. Herbicides applied to the soil were not as effective as those applied postemergence. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] gave the best and longest lasting preemergence control, averaging 79% control for all species. Preemergence control with metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] was dependent on species, with 84% control of small flower morningglory and only 26% for ivyleaf and 18% for entireleaf morningglory. At V2 (one trifoliolate) and V5 stages of soybean growth, acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} at 0.56 kg/ha applied over-the-top and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] at 0.28 kg/ha applied post-directed gave 90 and 92% control of all species, respectively. Most effective were repeated post-directed applications at V5 and V7 stages of soybean growth. Metribuzin + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] (99%), linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] + 2,4-DB (98%), 2,4-DB (95%), and paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) + 2,4-DB (93%) provided excellent control regardless of the morningglory species.

Recovery of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Following Applications of Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, and Lactofen

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Higgins ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Seed Yields

Field experiments were conducted during 1985 and 1986 to determine the response of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 156’], pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA), and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE] to acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide}, and lactofen {(±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-dinitrobenzoate}. Acifluorfen and lactofen were more phytotoxic to soybean 15 days after treatment (DAT) than fomesafen. All herbicides at low rates controlled 80% or more pitted morningglory. However, only the high rates (0.6 kg ai/ha) of acifluorfen and fomesafen controlled 80% or more ivyleaf morningglory 90 DAT. Full-season competition from untreated pitted morningglory reduced soybean seed yields 44 and 22% in 1985 and 1986, respectively, compared to 58 and 49% with untreated ivyleaf morningglory. Soybean seed yields were higher in plots receiving acifluorfen or fomesafen applications than lactofen applications.

Control of Annual Morningglories (Ipomoeaspp.) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Barker ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. Michael Godley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Ipomoea Coccinea ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence over-the-top and postemergence-directed herbicides for control of five morningglory species: entireleaf [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriusculaGray], tall [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth. ♯3PHBPU], ivyleaf [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.hederacea♯IPOHE], pitted [Ipomoea lacunosa(L.) ♯ IPOLA], and scarlet [Ipomoea coccinea(L.) ♯IPOCC]. The glabrous morningglories (scarlet and pitted) were more easily controlled than the pubescent morningglories (ivyleaf, tall, and entireleaf). Lower soybean injury, higher morningglory control, and greater soybean seed yields were obtained with over-the-top herbicide applications at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) than at 6 WAP. Pitted morningglory was tolerant to low rates of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid]. This herbicide applied over the top at the R1 stage of soybean growth produced low yields, probably as a result of morningglory interference and herbicide injury to the soybeans. Postemergence-directed applications of linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] alone or in tank mixtures with 2,4-DB resulted in soybean injury that ranged from 12 to 36%. Highest soybean seed yields (equivalent to weed-free control) from postemergence-directed herbicides were obtained with applications of 2,4-DB, linuron, and a tank mixture of metribuzin and 2,4-DB.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Acifluorfen and Lactofen in Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Higgins ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Fredrick T. Corbin ◽  
George E. Carter ◽  
Hoke S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Water ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Species Translocation

Experiments were conducted to determine14C absorption, translocation, and metabolism by pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE] foliarly treated with14C-acifluorfen [5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid] or14C-lactofen [(±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-dinitrobenzoate]. Seventy-one to 84% of applied14C-acifluorfen was recovered in leaf water wash of ivyleaf morningglory compared to 32 to 46% from pitted morningglory. Sixty-four percent of applied14C-lactofen was recovered in leaf water wash 96 h after treatment in both morningglory species. Thirty-five to 37% more14C from applied14C-acifluorfen was found in pitted morningglory treated leaves than ivyleaf morningglory treated leaves. Less than 28% of applied14C-lactofen was extracted from treated leaves of either morningglory species. Translocation and metabolism of14C-acifluorfen and14C-lactofen were minimal in both morningglory species.

Penetration, Translocation, and Metabolism of Acifluorfen Following Pretreatment with Mefluidide

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Hook ◽  
Scott Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Physiological Processes

The penetration, translocation, and metabolism of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} in ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. ♯3IPOHE], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯ ABUTH), common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. ♯ XANPE), and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] were studied. An application to plants of 0.3 kg ai/ha mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} 0, 3, 5, or 7 days prior to treatment with14C-acifluorfen often altered one or more of the physiological processes under study. Pretreatment of ivyleaf morningglory with mefluidide 3, 5, or 7 days prior to application of14C-acifluorfen increased penetration of14C and decreased metabolism of acifluorfen, while translocation was unaffected. All mefluidide treatments increased penetration of14C-acifluorfen into velvetleaf, while the 3-, 5-, and 7-day pretreatments decreased acifluorfen metabolism. Penetration of acifluorfen into common cocklebur was unaffected by pretreatment with mefluidide. However, the 7-day mefluidide pretreatment of common cocklebur increased translocation of14C into the upper leaves and decreased acifluorfen metabolism. Penetration and translocation of the radiolabel from14C-acifluorfen in soybean was unaffected by pretreatment with mefluidide. Metabolism of acifluorfen by soybean was decreased by the 0-day mefluidide treatment but was unaffected by the 3-, 5-, or 7-day mefluidide pretreatment.

Control of Woolly Croton (Croton capitatus) in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Driver ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted in 1981 to 1983 to evaluate selected herbicides for control of a natural infestation of woolly croton (Croton capitatusMichx. ♯ CVNCP) in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Ineffective woolly croton control was obtained with all preemergence herbicides evaluated. Early postemergence treatments of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} and lactofen {1-(carboethoxy)ethyl) 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate} provided excellent woolly croton control. Postdirected applications of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] applied at the V4 stage of soybean growth and tank mixes of cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, linuron [N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea], or metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] plus 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] applied at the V4 and repeated at the V6 stage of soybean growth also provided effective control.

scholarly journals Flumioxazin for Weed Control in Texas Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1993 to evaluate flumioxazin alone and in various herbicide programs for weed control in peanut. Flumioxazin alone provided inconsistent control of annual grasses, while the addition of pendimethalin or trifluralin improved control considerably. Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] control was > 75% when flumioxazin was used alone. Flumioxazin caused early season peanut stunting with some recovery within 4 to 6 wk. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr or lactofen increased peanut stunting.

Response of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Accessions to Chlorimuron, Fomesafen, and Glyphosate

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Jason A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in Fayetteville, AR, to determine the response of 38 pitted morningglory accessions to fomesafen, chlorimuron, and glyphosate when applied postemergence over-the-top (POT) at 9 g ai/ha, 420 g ai/ha, and 840 g ae/ha, respectively, to four-leaf, 15-cm-tall pitted morningglory. Visual control following chlorimuron application ranged from 82 to 95% 3 wk after treatment (WAT). Visual control of accessions with fomesafen ranged 34 to 84% 3 WAT. Variability in visual control following fomesafen application was documented among accessions collected from similar geographic locations in west-central and southwest Arkansas, central and southeast Louisiana, and west-central Mississippi. Glyphosate controlled pitted morningglory accessions 81 to 89% 3 WAT. Data indicate that weed management programs should be field specific where fomesafen use is intended.

Influence of Soybean (Glycine max) Row Spacing on Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Interference

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otis W. Howe ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Total Seed

The interference and seed production potential of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA) with conventional-row (1 m) and narrow-row (20 cm) ‘Hill’ soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was studied for 2 yr. Pitted morningglory densities were 3.3, 10, 20, and 40 plants/m2while soybean densities were 23 and 50 plants/m2in conventional and narrow rows, respectively. Pitted morningglory interfered with soybean growth earlier in conventional-row soybeans than in narrow-row soybeans due to its rapid increase in leaf area index (LAI) and biomass from 4 to 8 weeks after emergence. Soybeans were competitive with pitted morningglory until the soybean reproductive stage began at 7 weeks after emergence. Pitted morningglory reduced soybean yields 17% more in a dry year than in a wet year. Yield of narrow-row soybeans was equal or greater than yield of conventional-row soybeans at all pitted morningglory densities. Conventional-row soybean yields were reduced an average of 42 and 81% at pitted morningglory densities of 3.3 and 40/m2, respectively, but yield of narrow-row soybeans was reduced only 6 and 62% at equivalent densities. Pitted morningglory grown without soybean interference produced an average of 52.3 million seeds/ha. Total seed production of pitted morningglory growing in soybeans increased as pitted morningglory density increased and was greater in conventional rows than in narrow rows. Narrow rows reduced total seed production an average of 90 and 68% at pitted morningglory densities of 3.3 and 40/m2, respectively.

Shade Development Effects on Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Interference with Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Philip A. Banks ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Uniform Population

‘Ransom’, ‘Govan’, and ‘Bragg’ soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] were seeded in 30-, 61-, and 91-cm row spacings to achieve a uniform population of 323 000 plants/ha. In 1979 and 1980, shade development within the row was similar for all row spacings, but 15 cm from the row the inflection point occurred earlier when soybeans were seeded at the 30-cm row spacing. In 1979, shading 30 cm from the row was similar with the 61- and 91-cm row spacings, but in 1980 the 61-cm row spacing provided earlier shading. Shading within the row and 15 and 30 cm from the row was similar for all cultivars in 1979, but Govan and Bragg shaded row middles earlier than Ransom at the 91-cm row spacing. In 1980, shade development in the row was similar for all cultivars, but delayed shading was observed between the rows with Ransom. In 1979, maximum soybean seed yields were produced with 2, 2, and 0 weed-free weeks at the 30-, 61-, and 91-cm row spacings, respectively. In 1980, 2 weed-free weeks prevented soybean seed yield reductions at all row spacings. In 1979, Ransom, Bragg, and Govan required 4, 2, and 0 weed-free weeks, respectively, for maximum seed yields. In 1980, all cultivars achieved maximum seed yields with 2 weed-free weeks.

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