Response of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Accessions to Chlorimuron, Fomesafen, and Glyphosate

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Jason A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in Fayetteville, AR, to determine the response of 38 pitted morningglory accessions to fomesafen, chlorimuron, and glyphosate when applied postemergence over-the-top (POT) at 9 g ai/ha, 420 g ai/ha, and 840 g ae/ha, respectively, to four-leaf, 15-cm-tall pitted morningglory. Visual control following chlorimuron application ranged from 82 to 95% 3 wk after treatment (WAT). Visual control of accessions with fomesafen ranged 34 to 84% 3 WAT. Variability in visual control following fomesafen application was documented among accessions collected from similar geographic locations in west-central and southwest Arkansas, central and southeast Louisiana, and west-central Mississippi. Glyphosate controlled pitted morningglory accessions 81 to 89% 3 WAT. Data indicate that weed management programs should be field specific where fomesafen use is intended.

Control of Annual Morningglories (Ipomoeaspp.) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Barker ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. Michael Godley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Ipomoea Coccinea ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence over-the-top and postemergence-directed herbicides for control of five morningglory species: entireleaf [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriusculaGray], tall [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth. ♯3PHBPU], ivyleaf [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.hederacea♯IPOHE], pitted [Ipomoea lacunosa(L.) ♯ IPOLA], and scarlet [Ipomoea coccinea(L.) ♯IPOCC]. The glabrous morningglories (scarlet and pitted) were more easily controlled than the pubescent morningglories (ivyleaf, tall, and entireleaf). Lower soybean injury, higher morningglory control, and greater soybean seed yields were obtained with over-the-top herbicide applications at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) than at 6 WAP. Pitted morningglory was tolerant to low rates of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid]. This herbicide applied over the top at the R1 stage of soybean growth produced low yields, probably as a result of morningglory interference and herbicide injury to the soybeans. Postemergence-directed applications of linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] alone or in tank mixtures with 2,4-DB resulted in soybean injury that ranged from 12 to 36%. Highest soybean seed yields (equivalent to weed-free control) from postemergence-directed herbicides were obtained with applications of 2,4-DB, linuron, and a tank mixture of metribuzin and 2,4-DB.

Postemergence Weed Management Systems for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
T. Vint Hicks ◽  
Tracy A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1987 to evaluate postemergence herbicide systems with preemergence systems to control Texas panicum, Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory in peanuts. Adding paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha to postemergence herbicide systems reduced fresh weight of Florida beggarweed 92% (18% increase over the same systems without paraquat), sicklepod 95% (21% increase), and pitted morningglory 95% (11% increase). Herbicide systems containing paraquat improved peanut yields by 230 kg/ha and net returns by $52/ha over herbicide systems not containing paraquat. Fluazifop-P and sethoxydim systems reduced Texas panicum fresh weight (at least 96%) more than a preemergence system (92% reduction) that used benefin applied preplant incorporated and alachlor plus naptalam and dinoseb applied at cracking (GC) or a postemergence system that used alachlor and naptalam plus dinoseb GC and paraquat applied early postemergence (86% reduction). Systems containing fluazifop-P provided greater yields (4190 kg/ha) and net returns ($383/ha) than systems containing sethoxydim (4010 kg/ha, $305/ha) when averaged across all rates of application.

Weed Control and Yield with Flumioxazin, Fomesafen, andS-Metolachlor Systems for Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton Residual Weed Management

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Scott B. Clewis ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield

Field studies were conducted near Clayton, Lewiston, and Rocky Mount, NC in 2005 to evaluate weed control and cotton response to preemergence treatments of pendimethalin alone or in a tank mixture with fomesafen, postemergence treatments of glufosinate applied alone or in a tank mixture withS-metolachlor, and POST-directed treatments of glufosinate in a tank mixture with flumioxazin or prometryn. Excellent weed control (> 91%) was observed where at least two applications were made in addition to glufosinate early postemergence (EPOST). A reduction in control of common lambsquarters (8%), goosegrass (20%), large crabgrass (18%), Palmer amaranth (13%), and pitted morningglory (9%) was observed when residual herbicides were not included in PRE or mid-POST programs. No differences in weed control or cotton lint yield were observed between POST-directed applications of glufosinate with flumioxazin compared to prometryn. Weed control programs containing three or more herbicide applications resulted in similar cotton lint yields at Clayton and Lewiston, and Rocky Mount showed the greatest variability with up to 590 kg/ha greater lint yield where fomesafen was included PRE compared to pendimethalin applied alone. Similarly, an increase in cotton lint yields of up to 200 kg/ha was observed whereS-metolachlor was included mid-POST when compared to glufosinate applied alone, showing the importance of residual herbicides to help maintain optimal yields. Including additional modes of action with residual activity preemergence and postemergence provides a longer period of weed control, which helps maintain cotton lint yields.

Cost-Efficient Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Cultivation and Banded Herbicide Applications

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Poston ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to examine the interrelations of cultivation and herbicide band width in controlling pitted morningglory and sicklepod in soybean. Alachlor + imazaquin PRE followed by imazaquin + surfactant POST were not applied or were applied on bands 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 cm wide or were broadcast. Plots were cultivated zero, one, two, or three times. Without cultivation, at least a 60-cm wide band was needed to achieve maximum soybean seed yields. A slight linear increase in soybean seed yield in response to increasing band width was observed with one cultivation. With two cultivations, soybean seed yields were similar with and without herbicides, but a 15-cm wide herbicide band was needed to achieve maximum production with three cultivations. Greatest gross returns exclusive of weed management costs were realized with two or three cultivations and a 15-cm wide band.

A Comparison of Weed Control in Herbicide-Resistant, Herbicide-Tolerant, and Conventional Corn

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
Walter E. Thomas ◽  
Jayla R. Allen ◽  
Jim Collins ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
System Control ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Experiments were conducted at three North Carolina research stations in 2003 to evaluate weed control and corn yield in glyphosate-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, imidazolinone-tolerant, and conventional corn weed management systems. Late-season control of common lambsquarters, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge increased with metolachlor PRE compared with no PRE herbicide treatment. Common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, spurred anoda, and tropic croton control was improved by a single early POST (EPOST) application regardless of herbicide system. Control of common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and spurred anoda was similar for glyphosate and glufosinate systems for each POST over-the-top (POT) herbicide system. A single EPOST application of imazethapyr plus imazapyr to imidazolinone-tolerant corn controlled common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and spurred anoda and was better than a single EPOST application of glyphosate, glufosinate, or nicosulfuron. Tropic croton was controlled ≥ 95% with glufosinate or glyphosate, applied once or twice, or in mixture with metolachlor. A single EPOST application of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or nicosulfuron did not control tropic croton. Common lambsquarters, entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and yellow nutsedge control was greater with a late-POST–directed (LAYBY) of ametryn than no LAYBY. Systems that did not include a POT herbicide system had the lowest percentage in the weed-free yield and the lowest yield. Treatments that included a POT system with or without a PRE treatment of metolachlor yielded within 5% of the weed-free treatment, regardless of herbicide system.

Weed Management with Fomesafen Preemergence in Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
James N. Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in Alabama in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate fomesafen preemergence (PRE) in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Fomesafen (0.3 and 0.4 kg ai/ha), fluometuron (1.4 kg ai/ha), and pyrithiobac (0.05 kg ai/ha) were applied alone or in tank mixtures. Glyphosate (0.4 kg ae/ha) was applied postemergence over-the-top (POT) and postemergence directed (PD). Regardless of PRE treatment, POT followed by (fb) PD applications of glyphosate were necessary for greater than 82% sicklepod control at midseason. In the absence of glyphosate, fomesafen, and fomesafen-containing tank mixtures controlled common cocklebur andIpomoeaspecies 77 and 72%, respectively, 14 d after PD application. However, two applications of glyphosate were needed for >94% season-long control of common cocklebur andIpomoeaspecies because of continued germination throughout the growing season. Postemergence applications of glyphosate added a 1,000 kg/ha seed cotton yield increase to all PRE treatments at both locations. Common cocklebur,Ipomoeaspecies, and sicklepod control was not significantly increased by the addition of fomesafen PRE tank mixtures fb glyphosate postemergence as compared with glyphosate postemergence only.

Weed Management in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with Diclosulam Preemergence

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bailey ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
Vernon B. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies were conducted at five locations in North Carolina and Virginia in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate weed control and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) response to diclosulam that was applied preemergence (PRE) and in systems with commercial standards. All plots received a preplant incorporated (PPI) treatment of ethalfluralin at 840 g ai/ha. Diclosulam controlled common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), eclipta (Eclipta prostrataL.), entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriusculaGray), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) as well as and frequently better than the commercial standards of acifluorfen plus bentazon applied postemergence (POST), paraquat plus bentazon early POST followed by (fb) imazapic POST, or imazapic POST. Systems with ethalfluralin PPI plus diclosulam PRE at 26 g ai/ha fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST controlled a broader spectrum of weeds and yielded greater than systems of ethalfluralin PPI fb imazapic POST or ethalfluralin PPI fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. Peanut exhibited excellent tolerance to diclosulam PRE at 17, 26, or 35 g/ha.

Weed Management in No-Tillage Bromoxynil-Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stanley Culpepper ◽  
Alan C. York
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cotton Fiber Quality ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Over The Top

An experiment was conducted at four locations in North Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed control, cotton yield, fiber quality, and net returns in no-tillage bromoxynil-tolerant cotton. The experiment focused on using bromoxynil or pyrithiobac sodium applied early POST over-the-top as alternatives to fluometuron plus MSMA applied early POST directed. Fluometuron plus MSMA was more effective than bromoxynil or pyrithiobac sodium on tall morningglory, large crabgrass, goosegrass, and broadleaf signalgrass. Bromoxynil and fluometuron plus MSMA were similarly effective on common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and eclipta and more effective than pyrithiobac sodium. Pyrithiobac sodium and fluometuron plus MSMA were similarly effective on smooth pigweed and Palmer amaranth and more effective than bromoxynil. Prickly sida control by bromoxynil and pyrithiobac sodium was equal to or greater than control by fluometuron plus MSMA. All early POST herbicides controlled pitted morningglory similarly. Regardless of the early POST herbicides used, fluometuron applied PRE and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late POST directed increased control of most weeds and increased cotton yield and net returns. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac sodium effectively substituted for fluometuron plus MSMA only in systems that included fluometuron applied PRE and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late POST directed. Effects of herbicide systems on cotton fiber quality were minor.

Control of Six Morningglory (Ipomoea) Species in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Mathis ◽  
L. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Small Flower ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Over The Top

A 4-yr field test was initiated in 1975 to determine susceptibility of a natural infestation of six morningglory species to herbicides which can be applied to the soil and foliage in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. The species studied were pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), entireleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriuscula], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], purple moonflower [Ipomoea muricata(L.) Jacq.], palmleaf morningglory [Ipomoea wrightii(Gray)], and small flower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia(L.) Griseb.]. Control with herbicides applied preplant incorporated and preemergence was dependent on morningglory species and on rainfall to allow plant uptake of the herbicide. Herbicides applied to the soil were not as effective as those applied postemergence. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] gave the best and longest lasting preemergence control, averaging 79% control for all species. Preemergence control with metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] was dependent on species, with 84% control of small flower morningglory and only 26% for ivyleaf and 18% for entireleaf morningglory. At V2 (one trifoliolate) and V5 stages of soybean growth, acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} at 0.56 kg/ha applied over-the-top and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] at 0.28 kg/ha applied post-directed gave 90 and 92% control of all species, respectively. Most effective were repeated post-directed applications at V5 and V7 stages of soybean growth. Metribuzin + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] (99%), linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] + 2,4-DB (98%), 2,4-DB (95%), and paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) + 2,4-DB (93%) provided excellent control regardless of the morningglory species.

Soybean canopy formation effects on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) emergence

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Weed Emergence

Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine whether canopy formation influences pitted morningglory, common cocklebur, and sicklepod emergence in surface-tilled soybean. Each weed species was broadcast seeded before planting soybean in 19- and 97-cm-wide rows. Weed emergence beneath soybean was monitored after soybean emergence and compared with weed emergence in the absence of soybean (bareground treatment). Magnitude of daily diurnal soil temperature fluctuations diminished after soybean canopy formation, and light interception by soybean was positively related to the reduction in soil temperature. Canopy formation (50% light interception) occurred 16 to 17 d later in wide compared with narrow rows in both years. The red/far-red ratio of light available to seed on or near the soil surface was reduced from as much as 1.2 in full sunlight to less than 0.1 in the presence of a dense soybean canopy. Pitted morningglory emergence was not influenced by soybean canopy formation, whereas common cocklebur and sicklepod emergence were reduced as much as 33 and 68%, respectively. Although common cocklebur and sicklepod emergence diminished after soybean canopy formation, a small portion of the seedbank of both species emerged beneath the canopy. This research indicates that in a tilled system, emergence of some weed species is diminished by presence of an overlying canopy, but emergence does not completely cease with canopy formation. Late-season emergence of sicklepod and common cocklebur beneath a soybean canopy may contribute to replenishment of the soil seedbank, especially if these late-emerging cohorts are capable of surviving until the light environment is favorable for seed production.

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