Influence of Tillage Systems on Annual Weed Densities and Control in Solid-seeded Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Edward S. Oplinger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
And Control

Field research was conducted at Arlington, WI, and Janesville, WI, in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the effect of conventional-tillage, chisel plow, and no-till systems on the density and control of annual weed species in solid-seeded soybean. Common lambsquarters densities were not greatly influenced by tillage systems, but redroot pigweed densities were generally highest in the chisel plow system. Conventional tillage always had greater velvetleaf densities than no-till and no-till always had greater giant foxtail densities than conventional tillage. Giant foxtail and redroot pigweed became more difficult to control when tillage was reduced, while velvetleaf became less of a problem. This response was not observed with all herbicide treatments evaluated and several herbicide treatments provided excellent weed control. Soybean yield was not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions and differences in soybean yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control.

Influence of Tillage Systems on Giant Foxtail,Setaria faberi, and Velvetleaf,Abutilon theophrasti, Density and Control in Corn,Zea mays

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Tommy C. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
And Control

Giant foxtail density in corn was greater under no-till and chisel plow tillage systems than conventional or till plant. Giant foxtail density in no-till was 1400 shoots/m256 days after corn planting compared to 170 under conventional tillage. Velvedeaf density was greater under conventional tillage than all other tillage systems. Velvetleaf density was 120 plants/m256 days after corn planting under conventional tillage compared to 20 in no-till. Control of giant foxtail was often less under no-till or chisel plow conditions than conventional or till plant with the same herbicide treatment. Giant foxtail control with metolachlor treatments was affected less by tillage than similar treatments containing alachlor. Velvedeaf control was less with conventional tillage than other tillage systems when less than 1.7 kg/ha of atrazine was applied. Corn injury was not influenced by tillage systems. Corn yield was not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions. Several herbicide treatments resulted in corn yield similar to the weed-free under conventional tillage, but no herbicide treatment produced corn yield similar to the weed-free control under no-till conditions.

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions of tillage systems with imazaquin and imazethapyr on weed control and soybean injury and yield. Control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail from imazaquin and imazethapyr in conventional tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in no-tillage. However, under limited rainfall, weed control in no-tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in conventional tillage. Reductions in soybean heights due to herbicide treatment were evident in both tillage systems in 1985 and 1986 but not in. Soybean yields were reduced in 1985 from imazaquin at 140, 210, and 250 g/ha and imazethapyr at 105 and 140 g/ha. Yields were not reduced in 1986 and. Imazaquin and imazethapyr appear to provide adequate control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail in conventional and no-till systems.

Effect of Tillage and Soil-Applied Herbicides with Micro-Rate Herbicide Programs on Weed Control and Sugarbeet Growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Bollman ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field trials were conducted to determine if tillage and soil-applied herbicides had an effect on weed control and sugarbeet growth with a micro-rate herbicide program. Sugarbeet emergence was earlier in the moldboard plowed system compared with the chisel plowed system at three of four sites. Conditions were dry and sugarbeets emerged 5 d later in the moldboard plowed system compared with the chisel plowed system at the fourth site. Even though the rate of sugarbeet emergence differed between tillage systems at all four sites, final sugarbeet populations did not differ at two of the four sites. Sugarbeet injury from PRE treatments ofS-metolachlor, ethofumesate, and ethofumesate plus pyrazon, followed by four POST micro-rate applications, ranged from 11 to 27% and 1 to 18% in the chisel and moldboard plowed systems, respectively, 6 wk after planting (WAP). Under wet conditions, sugarbeet stand was reduced and injury was greatest from PRE applications ofS-metolachlor. Common lambsquarters, pigweed (redroot pigweed and Powell amaranth), and giant foxtail control in mid-August was consistently higher when a PRE herbicide was applied prior to micro-rate herbicide treatments. Even though there were differences between PRE and no-PRE treatments with respect to sugarbeet injury and weed control, recoverable white sucrose yield did not differ between herbicide treatments. However, recoverable white sucrose yield was greater in the moldboard plowed treatments compared with the chisel plowed treatments at three out of the four sites.

Weed Control and Yield are Equal in Conventional, Reduced-, and No-Tillage Soybean (Glycine max) After 11 Years

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control

Field experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1989 to determine the influence of conventional, reduced, and no-tillage systems and different herbicide combinations on weed species and population, weed control, and soybean injury, population, and yield. In no-till (NT) non-treated plots, there was an abrupt shift from horseweed as the dominant early spring emerging weed to gray goldenrod in 1985. Following its initial observation, gray goldenrod became the dominant species within 2 yr, with giant foxtail as the only other species observed in these plots. Giant foxtail was the dominant weed species from 1980 to 1989 in conventional till (CT) and reduced-till (RT) plots. There also was a shift in the frequency of occurrence and in density of several broadleaf weed species during the 11-yr study. Most herbicides provided excellent control of all weeds in all tillage systems, especially those that included POST herbicides. There was little difference between glyphosate and paraquat in controlling weeds present at the time of planting in NT. PRE herbicides caused 2 to 9% soybean injury with slightly greater injury occurring in CT and RT than in NT. The POST broadleaf herbicides did not significantly increase soybean injury. There were no differences in soybean population or yield among the herbicide treatments regardless of tillage. There also was no difference in soybean population or yield in NT compared with CT when averaged over all herbicide treatments.

Seedbed Tillage and Herbicide Influence on Soybean (Glycine max) Weed Control and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Twenty herbicide treatments were evaluated on conventional-till (plow, disc, and harrow), minimum-till (disc only), and no-till planted soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] from 1976 through 1978 at the Belleville Research Center in St. Clair County, Illinois. The soil type was a Weir silt loam (Typic Ochraqualf) characterized by poor internal drainage and 1.2% organic matter. Weed population by species, weed control, and soybean population, injury, and yield were obtained. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) were the dominant species in all tillage systems, exceeding 1 million plants/ha in the conventional and no-till plots. These species and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.] were the most difficult to control each year. Weed control was the poorest in the no-till plots because of the large size of the weeds at the time of herbicide application, insufficient rainfall following, and because the plots were not cultivated. The soybean population was equal in all tillage systems except in 1976 when the no-till population exceeded that in the other tillage systems. Treatments that included oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) caused 42 and 35% soybean injury in the 1976 minimum and no-till plots, respectively. Postemergence-applied naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) caused leaf burn each year that ranged from 5 to 35% but all plants recovered within several weeks of application. The seedbed tillage method and herbicide treatments did not significantly affect soybean yields in 1976 when all the herbicides were effective. No-till yields in 1977 and 1978 were substantially lower than yields in conventional and minimum-till plots because of poor weed control. Soybean yields were 2506, 2466, and 1714 kg/ha in the conventional-till, minimum-till, and no-till plots, respectively, when averaged over the 3 yr and 20 herbicide treatments.

Population Dynamics and Control of Annual Weeds in Corn (Zea mays) as Influenced by Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Field research was conducted at Hancock, WI, from 1985 through 1987 to evaluate effects of conventional tillage, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage systems on population dynamics and control of annual weed species in corn grown continuously on a loamy sand soil without irrigation. In all years of the study, green foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional tillage system, while ridge tillage had densities lower than all other tillage systems. Common lambsquarters density in the chisel plow system reached nearly 500 plants m−2compared to less than 75 plants m−2in the other tillage systems when averaged over years. Average redroot pigweed densities in the no-tillage and chisel plow systems were 307 and 245 plants m−2compared to less than 25 plants m−2in the conventional and ridge tillage systems. Horseweed was observed only in no-tillage and ridge tillage plots. Green foxtail and redroot pigweed were more difficult to control in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional and ridge tillage systems with several herbicide treatments. Corn yields were not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions. Corn yield differences among tillage systems when the same herbicide treatment was applied appeared to be due to differences in weed control.

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Emergence Depth of Giant (Setaria faberi) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Thomas C. Mester
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Chisel Plow

The effect of tillage systems on depth of emergence and densities of giant and green foxtail under different environmental and cropping conditions were evaluated from 1985 to 1987 at Arlington, Hancock, and Janesville, WI. Mean emergence depths in no-till were the shallowest, followed by chisel plow and conventional tillage at each location. At least 40% of the giant and green foxtail plants emerged from the upper 1 cm of soil in no-till compared to about 25% in chisel plow and less than 15% in conventional tillage. As many as 25% of the plants emerged from greater than 4 cm in conventional tillage compared to about 10% in chisel plow and less than 5% in no-till. Seedlings emerged from greater depths in a loamy sand than in a silt loam soil regardless of tillage system. At Arlington, green foxtail was the dominant species in conventional tillage, while giant foxtail dominated in chisel plow and no-till. Foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no-till than in conventional tillage at all three locations.

Effects of Tillage on the Efficacy and Persistence of Clomazone in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted in 1985 to 1987 to evaluate the effects of conventional and no-tillage systems on the weed control provided by clomazone applied preemergence in soybeans. The persistence of clomazone in soil of the two tillage systems was also determined. Increasing the clomazone rate from 0.8 to 1.4 kg/ha did not increase weed control. Clomazone controlled 80% or more of jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. Common cocklebur control ranged from about 50 to 70% in no-till and from 80 to 90% in conventional tillage. Generally, soybean pods/plant and yields were lower from clomazone treatments than from handweeded treatments due to inadequate common cocklebur control. Over 40% of the clomazone applied did not reach the soil surface; it was either intercepted by wheat straw, volatilized, or both. Clomazone persisted longer in conventional tillage than in no-tillage in. However, in 1986, clomazone was equally persistent in the two tillage systems. The half-life of clomazone was 34 and 6 days in 1985 in conventional and no-tillage, respectively, and in 1986, 18 and 16 days in conventional and no-tillage, respectively. Significant clomazone concentrations were not found below 10 cm in the soil profile. Corn planted without tillage (no-till) approximately 1 yr after clomazone application was not injured and yields were not reduced due to prior clomazone use.

Weed control with reduced rates of imazaquin and imazethapyr in no-till narrow-row soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. DeFelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to metolachlor plus combinations of 0.5 × and 1 × label rates of imazaquin applied preplant and imazethapyr applied early postemergence or postemergence in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail, common ragweed, common cocklebur, and large crabgrass population reductions were greater with sequential preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin followed by early postemergence or postemergence imazethapyr than with preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin or early postemergence/postemergence imazethapyr alone. Ivyleaf morningglory was not effectively controlled by any herbicide program. Pennsylvania smartweed populations were reduced with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 × rates were usually equal to 1 × rates if imazethapyr was applied early postemergence or postemergence. Net income with reduced herbicide rates was equal to full-label rates and provided no greater risk to net income.

Weed Management in Conventional- and No-Till Soybean Using Flumioxazin/Pyroxasulfone

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris J. Mahoney ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Almost All

Eleven field experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, and 2012) in conventional- and no-till soybean with a flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone premix. PRE and preplant applications were evaluated for soybean injury, weed control, and yield compared to standard herbicides. Early-season soybean injury from flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone ranged from 1 to 19%; however, by harvest, soybean yields were similar across labeled rates (160 and 200 g ai ha−1), standard treatments, and the nontreated control. Flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone provided excellent control (99 to 100%) of velvetleaf, pigweed species (redroot pigweed and smooth pigweed), and common lambsquarters across almost all rates tested (80 to 480 g ai ha−1). Common ragweed, green foxtail, and giant foxtail control increased with flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate. The biologically effective rates varied between tillage systems. The flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate required to provide 80% control (R80) of pigweed was 3 and 273 g ai ha−1under conventional- and no-till, respectively. For common ragweed, the R80was 158 g ai ha−1under conventional tillage; yet, under no-till, the rate was nonestimable. The results indicate that flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone can provide effective weed control as a setup for subsequent herbicide applications.

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