Fate of Safening Agent L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Hilton ◽  
Parthasarathy Pillai ◽  
Helen A. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Herbicide Safener ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The herbicide safener OTC (L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) increased the amount of reduced thiol compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘DK 427′] seedlings. When seedlings were grown in liquid culture medium containing35S-OTC, the compound was metabolized to radiolabeled cysteine and glutathione. The addition of tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] increased conversion of35S-OTC to cysteine and resulted in the formation of one additional35S-labeled compound. When35S-glutathione was injected into germinating seeds it was converted to35S-cysteine and both thiols were subsequently found in roots and shoots. Seeds injected with35S-OTC both translocated the compound to developing roots and shoots and metabolized35S-OTC to cysteine and glutathione. Excised roots and shoots also metabolized35S-OTC to the thiols. In an in vitro assay the enzyme 5-oxoprolinase converted OTC to cysteine.

scholarly journals In vitro assay on homeopathic solutions on Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorok (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Damin ◽  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves ◽  
Andreia Kusumota Bonini ◽  
Talita Moretto Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Vitro Effect

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of homeopathic solutions Arsenicum Album 24CH; Calcarea carbonica 30CH; Kali iodatum 100CH;Phosphorus 3CH; Silicea 30CH;Staphysagria 6, 30 and 100CH; Spodoptera frugiperda 30CH; Sulphur 100 and 200CH andThuya occidentalis 200CH on biological parameters of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . The solutions were diluted in sterile distilled water (0.1%) and were sprayed on the previously inoculated fungus on PDA culture medium. Germination, colony forming units, vegetative growth, conidial production and insecticidal activity of the fungus against larvae of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were evaluated. Homeopathic solutions did not affect negatively the parameters evaluated. Thus, all treatments were considered compatible to the fungusM. anisopliae.

4-Aninomethylbicyclo[2.2.2]-Octane-1-Carboxylic Acid a New Potent Antifibrinolytic Agent

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Baumgarten ◽  
L. I Priester ◽  
D. W Stiller ◽  
A. E. W Duncan ◽  
J. L Ciminera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Relative Potency ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Antifibrinolytic Agent

SummaryIn this publication we describe a new antifibrinolytic compound, 4-aminomethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-l-carboxylic acid. This compound is the most active antifibrinolytic agent known up to the present.Its activity has been characterized by two in vitro assay procedures and its relative potency compared to the standard antifibrinolytic agent, ε-aminocaproic acid.Two assay procedures for the evaluation of antifibrinolytic compounds have been developed with particular emphasis on the capability to yield statistically valid results.

scholarly journals AA or Basic pH Causes in vitro and Nonenzymatic Cleavage of ACC to Ethylene

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Beaulieu ◽  
Edna Pesis ◽  
Mikal E. Saltveit
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Modified Atmospheres ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Ph Fluctuation

An in vitro assay was used to determine the effect of AA and pH on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic production of ethylene (C2H4) from ACC. We were interested in the effect of AA on C2H4 production from ACC because aldehydes, primarily AA, can accumulate in tissue as the result of ripening, storage under modified atmospheres, packaging, and stress. Using crude extracts of ACC oxidase from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Castlemart') and apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh. `Golden delicious'), C2H4 production from ACC was shown to increase in response to an increase in pH above 7.2 and inclusion of 0.2 to 2 mm AA. Nonenzymatic C2H4 production from ACC also increased linearly with increasing AA concentrations in all the buffers tested. Removal of ascorbate or O2 suppressed AA-induced nonenzymatic C2H4 production. Nonenzymatic AA-induced production of C2H4 from ACC appeared to be an ascorbate dependent oxidation, which was augmented by O2 and was sensitive to minor pH fluctuation. The nonenzymatic AA-stimulated conversion of AEC to 1-butene lacked stereospecificity. Formaldehyde and propionaldehyde also stimulated C2H4 production from ACC. These data indicate that ACC oxidase assays or C2H4 measurements assessing physiological status can be seriously affected by the presence of aldehydes, such as AA. Chemical names used: AA, acetaldehyde; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; AEC, 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; EtOH, ethanol.

In Vitro Assay of Platelet Adhesiveness with Washed and Tanned Human Red Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zbinden ◽  
S Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Human Red Cells

SummaryAn in vitro system is described in which adhesion of blood platelets to washed and tannic acid-treated red cells was assayed quantitatively by microscopic observation. ADP, epinephrine and TAME produced a reversible increase in platelet adhesiveness which was antagonized by AMP. With Evans blue, polyanetholsulfonate, phthalanilide NSC 38280, thrombin and heparin at concentrations above 1-4 u/ml the increase was irreversible. The ADP-induced increase in adhesiveness was inhibited by sodium citrate, EDTA, AMP, ATP and N-ethylmaleimide. EDTA, AMP and the SH-blocker N-ethylmaleimide also reduced spontaneous platelet adhesion to red cells. No significant effects were observed with adenosine, phenprocoumon, 5-HT, phthalanilide NSC 57155, various estrogens, progestogens and fatty acids, acetylsalicylic acid and similarly acting agents, hydroxylamine, glucose and KCN. The method may be useful for the screening of thrombogenic and antithrombotic properties of drugs.

Angiogenic Effect of Pravastatin Alone and with Sera from Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies Studied by in vitro Vasculogenesis/Angiogenesis Assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anita Virtanen ◽  
Outi Huttala ◽  
Kati Tihtonen ◽  
Tarja Toimela ◽  
Tuula Heinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Tubule Formation ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Angiogenesis Assay

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the direct effect of pravastatin on angiogenesis and to study the interaction between pravastatin and maternal sera from women with early- or late-onset pre-eclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction, or healthy pregnancy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We collected 5 maternal serum samples from each group. The effect of pravastatin on angiogenesis was assessed with and without maternal sera by quantifying tubule formation in a human-based in vitro assay. Pravastatin was added at 20, 1,000, and 8,000 ng/mL concentrations. Concentrations of angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in serum and in test medium after supplementation of serum alone and with pravastatin (1,000 ng/mL) were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Therapeutic concentration of pravastatin (20 ng/mL) did not have significant direct effect on angiogenesis, but the highest concentrations inhibited angiogenesis. Pravastatin did not change the levels of biomarkers in the test media. There were no changes in angiogenesis when therapeutic dose of pravastatin was added with maternal sera, but there was a trend to wide individual variation towards enhanced angiogenesis, particularly in the early-onset PE group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> At therapeutic concentration, pravastatin alone or with maternal sera has no significant effect on angiogenesis, but at high concentrations the effect seems to be anti-angiogenic estimated by in vitro assay.

In Vitro Assay for Single-cell Characterization of Impaired Deformability in Red Blood Cells under Recurrent Episodes of Hypoxia

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHAO QIANG ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Ming Dao ◽  
E Du
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cyclic Shear

Red blood cells (RBCs) are subjected to recurrent changes in shear stress and oxygen tension during blood circulation. The cyclic shear stress has been identified as an important factor that...

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