Selectivity Mechanisms for Foliar Applications of Diclofop-Methyl. I. Retention, Absorption, Translocation, and Volatility

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Boldt ◽  
A. R. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Species Translocation ◽  
Plant Basis

Retention, absorption, translocation, and volatility of foliarly applied diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoate} were compared in barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.], a susceptible grass; proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.), a moderately susceptible grass; longspine sandbur [Cenchrus longispinus(Hack.) Fern.], a tolerant grass; and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hark’] and cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Green Star’), both tolerant broadleaf plants. On a jug/plant basis, the order of diclofop-methyl spray retention was cucumber > soybean > proso millet > longspine sandbur = barnyardgrass. On a μg/mg dry weight basis, proso millet retained 3 to 10 times more diclofop-methyl than all other species. One day after treatment (DAT), absorption of14C-diclofopmethyl was 14 to 18% less in longspine sandbur than in the other species, 3 DAT absorption in cucumber was 8 to 14% greater than in the other species, and 5 DAT absorption in soybean was 3 to 12% less than in other species. Translocation of14C-diclofop-methyl did not differ among species, with 98% of the applied radioactivity located in the treated leaf. An average of 11% of radioactivity applied to the surface of intact, living plants and excised, dried leaves of cucumber, soybean, and barnyardgrass, as well as glass cover slips, was lost by evaporation. None of the parameters measured showed differences large enough to be implicated as primary selectivity mechanisms.

Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Response to Metribuzin in Solution Culture

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Dry Weight

Twenty-eight commercial soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars of maturity classes V through VIII were evaluated for differences in response to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] 0.125 ppm w/w in hydroponic culture. Top dry weight (TDW) of treated ‘FFR 666’ soybeans equaled that of the cultivar check and five other cultivars were not significantly different (P = 5%). ‘Semmes' was most sensitive to the herbicide with TDW 40% of cultivar check. ‘Tracy’ and ‘Coker 156’ were not significantly different (P = 5%) from Semmes. The other cultivars tested were intermediate in response to metribuzin.

Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Control in Soybeans (Glycine max) With Postemergence Herbicides

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
Donald J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Selective postemergence herbicides were applied broadcast to control wild-proso millet in soybeans early postemergence (early post), postemergence (post), and late postemergence (late post) when wild-proso millet was 2 to 8 cm tall, 3 to 15 cm tall, and 3 to 31 cm tall, respectively. CGA-82725, fluazifop, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim applied early post controlled 75% or less late-season wild-proso millet. Interrow cultivation following early post fluazifop applications improved wild-proso millet control and soybean yields. Higher rates of CGA-82725, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim applied post controlled 91 to 98% late-season millet, but resulting soybean yields were less than the hand-weeded check. Fenoxaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, and sethoxydim applied late post provided 93 to 99% late-season millet control and soybean yields equal to hand-weeded checks. Wild-proso millet emerging after early post or post herbicide applications contributed to reduced effectiveness from those treatments. However, most wild-proso millet emerged before late post applications and were controlled. Other herbicides including BAS-51702, clethodim, cloproxydim, and SC-1084 applied late post also controlled wild-proso millet in soybeans.

Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) and Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Ann E. Russell ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Robert D. Coffin ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE) is a native of the Southwest, now increasing as a weed throughout the southern United States, whereas wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL. # PANMI) is an introduced weed currently increasing in importance in the northern Midwest. In controlled-environment chambers, both species produced more tillers, greater leaf area, and more total dry weight at 30/24 C day/night (simulated growing season temperature in Georgia) than at 24/18 C (simulated growing season temperature in Minnesota). Texas panicum accumulated more dry matter at 30/24 C than did wild proso millet, while wild proso millet accumulated more dry matter at 24/18 C than did Texas panicum. When the two species were grown together, Texas panicum was the superior competitor at 30/24 C while wild proso millet was superior at 24/18 C. Exposure to short photoperiods at an intermediate temperature of 27/21 C accelerated flowering and limited vegetative growth in both species. In the range of photoperiods (10 to 16 h) examined, wild proso millet always flowered earlier and, consequently, produced less vegetative growth than Texas panicum. Its responses to temperature and photoperiod indicate that wild proso millet probably would be competitively inferior to Texas panicum and other adapted grass weeds in the southern United States.

Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Control in Processing Peas (Pisum sativum) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Mcnevin ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Field studies in 1978 and 1979 evaluated the effectiveness of single and combination herbicide treatments in processing peas (Pisum sativumL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] for the control of wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.). Eight treatments that included dinitroaniline herbicides controlled wild proso millet adequately through the entire growing season of the early-planted peas (approximately 60 days). Wild proso millet emergence and growth in untreated peas was suppressed by the early emergence, rapid growth, and high plant density of the drill-planted crop. Trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.8 kg/ha stunted pea growth and was the only treatment that reduced yields significantly. No herbicide treatment evaluated in soybeans controlled wild proso millet adequately for the entire growing season without reducing soybean growth and yield. Treatments containing dinitroaniline herbicides, which controlled wild proso millet in peas and resulted in good yield, did not perform similarly in soybeans.

scholarly journals Control of volunteer soybean plants in sunflower crop1

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magno Brighenti
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Soybean Plants

ABSTRACTSunflower (Helianthus annuus) sown offseason, after soybean crop (Glycine max), is affected by the competition imposed by volunteer plants. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the control of volunteer soybean plants in sunflower crops. The sulfentrazone herbicide (75 g ha-1, 100 g ha-1 and 250 g ha-1) causes phytotoxicity to sunflower immediately after application, however, plants recover, with no yield losses. These doses do not cause the total death of volunteer soybean plants, but temporarily paralyzes their growth, avoiding the competition with the sunflower crop. The glufosinate ammonium and ametryn herbicides are effective in controlling volunteer soybean plants, however, symptoms of phytotoxicity in the sunflower crop are high, reflecting in losses of dry weight biomass and crop yield. The other treatments do not provide satisfactory control of volunteer soybean plants and even reduce the sunflower dry weight biomass and yield.

ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES GROWN IN ALBERTA. CARAWAY OIL (CARUM CARVI)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. EMBONG ◽  
D. HADZIYEV ◽  
S. MOLNAR
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Trace Constituents

The caraway seed (Carum carvi L.) grown in Alberta was steam-distilled for its essential oil. During a 4-yr trial, the two harvests made gave a seed oil yield which averaged 2.65% calculated on a dry weight basis. The oil quality was assessed through analysis by combined TL- and GL-chromatography, and by mass and infrared spectrometry. There were 12 major constituents in the oil, with a corresponding percentage of 93.9%. D(+)-carvone and D(+)-limonene were not less than a total of 87.5% of the oil. There were 23 minor and at least 13 trace constituents. The low amount of benzene-related constituents in the oil was taken as a chemical proof for the correct botanical identity of the plants used in the trial. The oil composition was compared with oils which were imported and used by the domestic food industry. The data showed that the oil used by industry is 7% higher in carvone and 6% lower in limonene, while the other constituents are practically the same. The lower carvone content in Alberta oil was attributed to the fact that the climate of the Prairies permitted the seeds to only partly mature, rather than to an inherent carvone deficiency of the fruit.

Growth and Development of Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Biotypes

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Edith L. Lurvey ◽  
Timothy L. Miller ◽  
Janis L. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet

Growth and development of three wild-proso millet biotypes (Cambridge, LeSueur, and Morris) and one cultivated proso millet (‘Crown’) were compared under noncompetitive conditions in field studies. LeSueur and Cambridge were taller than Crown and Morris at maturity. All wild types had greater leaf area and dry weight at maturity than Crown. Crown headed earlier than the wild types, and among the wild types, Cambridge was slowest to mature. Seed production was 1.4 to 2 times greater for wild than cultivated proso millet, and averaged 48 000, 69 000, 83 000, and 94 000 seeds/plant for Crown, Cambridge, LeSueur, and Morris, respectively. Mean seed weight was 4.0 and 3.8 mg/seed for LeSueur and Morris, respectively, and 5.8 and 5.9 mg/seed for Crown and Cambridge, respectively. LeSueur and Morris seed shattered readily, but Cambridge seed shattered relatively little. Seed dormancy was greater in LeSueur and Morris than in Cambridge. Based on reproductive potential, shattering, and dormancy characteristics, LeSueur and Morris appeared to have more weedy characteristics than Cambridge.

Effect of Varieties on the Composition of Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) — Note

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sahari ◽  
M. Barzegar ◽  
R. Radfar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
The Mean

Thirty-four date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties, from start of Tamr stage of maturity, were analyzed for moisture, protein, lipid and ash. The mean percent of moisture, protein, lipid and ash were 29.35, 3.3, 0.42 and 2.25 g/100 g (fresh weight basis), respectively. Predominant sugars were fructose (12.62—43.31 g/100 g) and glucose (16.41—54.23 g/100 g, fresh weight basis). Sucrose was not practically detected in most varieties (excepting in Zark variety). Mineral elements such as Na, Mg, K and Ca were determined by ICP atomic spectroscopy and their amounts were in the range of 4.46—47.74, 18.44—79.35, 203.61—982.97 and 23.24—73.85 mg/100 g (dry weight basis), respectively. These results were generally in agreement with those reported previously for some other varieties grown in the other dates producing countries. A few differences will be related to date variety, agro-climatic and environmental conditions.

Selectivity Mechanisms for Foliar Applications of Diclofop-methyl. II. Metabolism

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Boldt ◽  
A. R. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The fate of foliarly applied14C diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate} was determined in intact plants of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.], a susceptible (S) grass; proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.), a moderately susceptible (MS) grass; longspine sandbur [Cenchrus longispinus(Hack.) Fern.], a tolerant (T) grass; soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hark’], and cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Green Star’), both T broadleaf plants, 1,3, and 5 days after treatment (DAT). Diclofop-methyl accounted for 94% of the radioactivity washed from the leaf surfaces of all species. Plant extracts contained diclofop-methyl, diclofop, and water-soluble conjugates. Barnyardgrass (S), proso millet (MS), and soybean (T) had 75, 68, and 66% of the extracted radioactivity as diclofop and diclofop-methyl. Longspine sandbur (T) and cucumber (T) had 71 and 84% of the extracted radioactivity as water-soluble conjugates. Acid hydrolysis of the water-soluble conjugates yielded 84 and 71% diclofop in barnyardgrass (S) and proso millet (MS). Cucumber (T), soybean (T), and longspine sandbur (T) had 43, 23, and 25% ring-OH diclofop. Alkaline hydrolysis of the non-extracted plant residue yielded diclofop as the major component in all species.

Seedling Growth of Soybeans (Glycine max) and Selected Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Monks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Robert C. Bozsa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedling growth of soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’], common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. # XANST), and tall morningglory[Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth. # PHBPU] was compared in field studies. Root growth was determined by measuring roots restricted to the inside of a permeable membrane that contained no soil. Leaf area duration and net assimilation rate between 4 and 9 weeks were greatest for common cocklebur compared to the other species. At 9 weeks, shoot and root dry weight and leaf area were greatest for common cocklebur compared to soybean and tall morningglory. Relative growth rate of common cocklebur roots was greater than the other species between 4 and 9 weeks. Tall morningglory had greater shoot length or height at 4 and 9 weeks and greater shoot or height elongation rate between 2 and 4 weeks, and 4 and 9 weeks than the other species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document