Effect of Varieties on the Composition of Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) — Note

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sahari ◽  
M. Barzegar ◽  
R. Radfar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
The Mean

Thirty-four date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties, from start of Tamr stage of maturity, were analyzed for moisture, protein, lipid and ash. The mean percent of moisture, protein, lipid and ash were 29.35, 3.3, 0.42 and 2.25 g/100 g (fresh weight basis), respectively. Predominant sugars were fructose (12.62—43.31 g/100 g) and glucose (16.41—54.23 g/100 g, fresh weight basis). Sucrose was not practically detected in most varieties (excepting in Zark variety). Mineral elements such as Na, Mg, K and Ca were determined by ICP atomic spectroscopy and their amounts were in the range of 4.46—47.74, 18.44—79.35, 203.61—982.97 and 23.24—73.85 mg/100 g (dry weight basis), respectively. These results were generally in agreement with those reported previously for some other varieties grown in the other dates producing countries. A few differences will be related to date variety, agro-climatic and environmental conditions.

Influence of different mixing ratios on in-vessel co-composting of sewage sludge with horse stable straw bedding waste: maturity and process evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. C. Wong ◽  
Ammaiyappan Selvam ◽  
Zhenyong Zhao ◽  
S. M. Yu ◽  
Alex C. W. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Decomposition Efficiency

Composting sewage sludge alone would reduce the decomposition efficiency due to free limited porosity in sludge. To alleviate this, the use of horse stable straw bedding waste (HSB) was evaluated as a co-composting material with sewage sludge in a 10 tonnes day−1 in-vessel composter for a period of 7 days before curing in a static aeration pile. Sludge was mixed with HSB at 1 : 1.5 (HSL) and 1 : 2.9 (LSL) on a fresh weight basis. After a composting period of 56 days, both mixing ratios demonstrated to be feasible with LSL having a better organic decomposition and a shorter time to reach maturity. The overall decomposition rates were 52.0 and 58.9% (dry weight basis) for HSL and LSL, respectively. In both treatments, temperature in the in-vessel composters could reach 65°C, which was sufficient to remove the pathogens. Although both products were free of pathogens, HSL exhibited a higher ammoniacal nitrogen contents but a lower seed germination index than that of LSL indicating a higher phytotoxicity and a longer curing period would be required. It can be concluded that HSB provided a better composting conditions at a mixing ratio of 1 : 2.9

ORGANIC ACID DETERMINATION ON TREATED AND UNTREATED CORN SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH CANDLISH ◽  
J. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Acid Determination

Changes in levels of organic acids in corn silage were measured by gas chromatography. When corn was treated prior to ensiling with formic acid, propionic acid, Chemstor, and Hay Savor at levels of 0.75% and 1.5% on a fresh weight basis, the acids added were readily detected on the gas chromatograms. Formic acid addition lowered the pH of the corn silage to a greater extent than the other added acids. Control silages contained between 5.81 and 17.43 mmol total acids per 100 ml silage juice, whereas silages treated with propionic acid and Chemstor contained between 33.86 and 42.53 mmol total acid per 100 ml silage juice. Formic acid- and Hay Savor-treated silages contained intermediate amounts of acids. The acid treatments did not severely affect lactic acid production.

Incidence de l'aération sur le traitement par compostage des sous-produits du palmier dattier contaminés parFusarium oxysporumf.sp.albedinis

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chakroune ◽  
M Bouakka ◽  
A Hakkou
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Cooling Phase

Composting of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) residues contaminated with Fusarium f.sp oxysporum albedinis, causal agent of the vascular wilt (Bayoud) of the date palm, has been achieved. The effect of the aeration of the piles by manual turning has been studied. The maintenance of an adequate humidity of 60%–70%, necessary to the good progress of the composting process, required the contribution of 11.4 L of water/kg of the dried residues. The evolution of the temperatures in the three piles presents the same phases. A latency phase, followed after 2–3 d of composting by a thermophilic phase, which lasts about 24 d, where the temperature remains elevated between 50 and 70 °C. Then a cooling phase that takes about 15 d, during which the temperatures fall to values between 25 and 35 °C, near room temperature. Fusarium f.sp oxysporum albedinis is eliminated completely during the thermophilic phase of composting, and increasing frequencies of turning accelerate its disappearance to a certain extent. On the other hand, pH remained steady and relatively basic oscillating between 8.2 and 8.7. Ninety percent (90%) of the the date palm residues are composed exclusively of organic matters. The total nitrogen represents only 0.4%. The contribution of manure decreases the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) from 115 to 48 in the initial mixture. After 80 d of composting and according to the frequency of return up, there is a reduction of the granulometry of the substratum, the C/N ratio (from 29% to 44%), the organic matter (from 15% to 23%), the total volume (from 25% to 35%), and of the dry weight of the swaths (from 16% to 24%). On the other hand there is an increase in total nitrogen rate (from 20% to 40%) and in the mineral matter (from 23% to 35%).Key words: composting, palm date, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis.

scholarly journals Cell suspension culture as a means to produce polyphenols from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornananda Madhava Naik ◽  
Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Cell Suspension Culture ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

ABSTRACT Date palm accumulates a wide range of secondary metabolites high in nutritional and therapeutic value. In the present study, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Shaishi) shoot-tip-induced callus was used to establish cell suspension cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and 10 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). To study the growth kinetics, cultures were maintained for 12 weeks during which weekly measurements were carried out to determine the biomass accumulation based on packed cell volume (%), fresh weight and dry weight (g). In addition, weekly determination of polyphenols (catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin) was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 11-week-old culture was found highest in the production of biomass (62.9 g L-1 fresh weight and 7.6 g L-1 dry weight) and polyphenols (catechin-155.9 µg L-1, caffeic acid-162.7 µg L-1, kaempferol-89.7 µg L-1, and apigenin-242.7 µg L-1) from the cell suspension cultures. This is the first report on the production of polyphenols from the cell suspension culture of date palm. This study facilitates further development of large-scale production of polyphenols and the utilization of bioreactors.

scholarly journals Nutritional-Medicinal Profile and Quality Categorization of Fresh White Button Mushroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8669-8685
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
White Button Mushroom ◽  
Medicinal Value

Due to susceptible change era for the world, limited land resources; vast encounter to meet the food demand and medicine for the growing populations make the necessity to discover any alternative food which has good nutritional and medicinal value. Hence, the quality categorization of Fresh White Button Mushroom has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements governing the quality of products. The contents and categorizations were formulated in accordance with the procedures established by standards physiochemical and sensory determination methods. The chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate, total fat) and minerals composition (Se, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Na, N, Fe, P, Ca, Mg, S, and K) of white button mushroom were determined. Results show that edible mushrooms are rich sources of protein (3.27±0.12), fiber(1.87±0.08), carbohydrates (2.66±0.61), fats (0.22±0.05) and energy (28.50±1.22 Kcal) g/100g fresh weight basis respectively. In addition to these, white button mushrooms also contain the highest content of potassium (3560±153.33) and sulfur (2195.59±1405.60) mg/kg fresh weight basis mineral elements. The quality categorization was monitored under a controlled environmental condition (Temp. 5-6±10C) and packed in a 30µm thickness polyethylene bag. The data were categorized by organoleptic, physicochemical, and bacterial count (CFU/g) basis. The grades SSQM: size<33.44mm, whiteness(Hunter) >80 number of pieces: 19/200g, open veils; Nil, Veiled: Nil; lactic acid: > 0.7%, Lactococcus lactis: >9.5x105,SQM: Size range of 33.57-38.55,whiteness (Hunter):70-80,Veiled 1, open veiled 1, open veiled 6.25%, lactic acid: 0.4-0.7 % and Lactococcus lactis: > 8.4 x 105, AQM: size>38.62, Whiteness (Hunter): 60-70,Veiled 1, open veiled 2, open veiled 16.6%, lactic acid: 0.3-0.4 % and Lactococcus lactis:>3.4 x105. The overall fruiting body has a significantly high level of nutrient and mineral composition, Lactic acid, and probiotic bacteria, thus WBM can be used as a good source of food as well as medicine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxalate Concentration in the U.S. Spinach Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1690-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beiquan Mou
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The U.S

The entire USDA spinach (Spinacia oleracea) germplasm collection (338 accessions) and 11 commercial cultivars were screened for oxalate concentration. There were significant differences in oxalate concentration among the genotypes evaluated, ranging from 5.3% to 11.6% on a dry weight basis. The low-oxalate genotypes identified in our experiments are all S. oleracea. None of the two S. tetrandra and four S. turkestanica accessions screened had low levels of oxalate. Two accessions from Syria, PI 445782 (cultivar name Shami) and PI 445784 (cultivar name Baladi), consistently had low oxalate concentration. When expressed on a fresh weight basis, oxalate concentration may be affected by the moisture content of the plant. Oxalate concentration had little correlation with leaf types (flat or savoy) and leaf weight per plant. With the genetic variation and sources of low oxalate concentration found, breeding of spinach for a low level of oxalate seems feasible.

Chloride Partitioning in Leaves of Salt-Stressed Sorghum, Maize, Wheat and Barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Boursier ◽  
J Lynch ◽  
A Lauchli ◽  
E Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Chloride distribution in the blade, sheath and midrib of leaves was determined for several grasses in salinised field plots and in nutrient solutions at various NaCl levels in the greenhouse. Chloride preferentially accumulated in the sheaths relative to the blades in all grass species and varieties examined when Cl- concentrations were expressed on a dry weight basis, although to varying degrees. Substantial levels of Cl- sheath partitioning were obtained only for sorghum when Cl- con- centrations were expressed on a fresh weight basis. Partitioning of Cl- in sorghum leaves was found to be ion specific and resulted from a combination of the ability of sheath tissue to accumulate Cl- to high concentrations and blade tissue to regulate Cl- concentrations at moderate levels.

CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF THE MATURE SUGAR BEET ROOT TO DEFOLIATION BY FROST AND KNIFE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-792
Author(s):  
D. J. Wort ◽  
G. A. White
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Increased Activity

The tops of mature field-grown sugar beets were frozen or removed by knife and the leaves allowed to regrow, or removed by knife and all regrowth continuously removed, for a period of 16 days. Sample roots were dug from the ground one, four, eight, 12, and 16 days after the original defoliation, and dry weight, sucrose, invert sugar, starch dextrin, total nitrogen, and insoluble nitrogen determined. The activity of catalase, phosphorylase, phosphatase, beta-amylase, and invertase was measured. Compared with untreated plants, all treatments affected in a similar way the substances or activities measured, with the exception of phosphatase and catalase activity. Dry weight decreased, and percentage sucrose based on fresh weight, fell steadily, and was 2.89 below that of controls on the 16th day. Ou a dry weight basis the sucrose percentage of roots of defoliated plants did not differ significantly from that of roots of untreated plants. It is suggested that the continued fall in sucrose percentage on a fresh weight basis is the result of continued absorption of soil water. Invert sugar was higher in treated plants and increased with time. Changes in starch dextrin content were small. The total N content of the various plants showed no significant differences. Insoluble N was not altered in a recognizable pattern. The activity of catalase and phosphorylase was lower in treated plants, while phosphatase and invertase showed increased activity. Beta-amylase activity was low in all roots.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: XIV. THE EFFECT OF RUST INFECTION ON THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF WHEAT LEAVES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Quick ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

The increase in respiration in rust-infected leaves of Little Club wheat was followed and paralleled by an increase in RNA per gram dry weight. The massive increase in dry weight of infected leaves in the later stages of rust development (9–12 days after inoculation) sometimes obscured the increase in RNA when RNA was expressed on a dry weight but not when it was expressed on a fresh weight basis. There was no increase in RNA in rust-infected Khapli. Rust infection had no effect on DNA per gram dry weight in Little Club or Khapli, but DNA per gram fresh weight increased slightly (15%) in Little Club, indicating the synthesis of fungal DNA. Infection had little effect on the protein content of Little Club but markedly lowered that of Khapli. The results are discussed in relation to earlier cytochemical determinations of DNA and RNA in infected tissue.

Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Calocybe Indica

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.

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