A Review of New Solar Still Design Comprising a Five-Sided Glass Cover and Equipped with an External Tank for PCM

Various human activities have led to the consumption of large quantities of pure water, which has led researchers to find efficient and economical methods for desalinating seawater and water containing impurities. In this review paper, solar energy where it is permanent, abundant and environmentally friendly, to produce pure water was discussed using a new solar distillation device, representing the paper’s novelty. The distillation was designed and used in the way led to increase efficiency and improve productivity by adding a solar collector to the system and equipped with a tank containing phase change material (PCM). It has a low melting point and can change the phase by absorbing the system’s latent heat to maintain the system’s temperature. Which contributes to increasing the distillation period even after sunset, thus increasing the daily productivity of freshwater. Using phase change materials will increase distillation hours from (3-4) hours after sunset, increasing the amount of production between (75 - 90) %.

Experimental Study of a Tilt Single Slope Solar Still Integrated with Aluminum Condensate Plate

The low freshwater productivity of a conventional solar still is considered a challenge for researchers due to the high temperature of the glass cover or basin water depth. In current work, a newly designed solar still was suggested according to the climatic conditions of Yekaterinburg/Russia, which included an enhanced condensation and evaporation process by spraying a thin water film on a hot absorber plate and then passing the generated water vapor by free convection over the aluminum plate (low temperature). The distillation system under study was tested during July 2020 and 29 July was chosen as a typical day from 08:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. The results showed that the largest amount of water vapor condenses on the aluminum plate (about 46%), and the rest condenses on the glass cover. This means that the aluminum plate effectively improved productivity due to the flow of humid air naturally (free convection) on the aluminum plate (its surface temperature was lower than that of the glass cover). The cost analytical calculations showed that the cost of producing one liter of distilled water from the suggested solar still was 0.063$.

PROPOSAL OF A SOLUTION FOR WATER DESALINIZATION USING SOLAR ENERGY

Water is abundant on Earth, only about 2.5% is freshwater, and because most of that water is stored as glaciers or deep groundwater, only a small amount of water is easily accessible to humans and animals. This study's motivation is to find a solution for lacking freshwater, converting brackish and seawater to potable water. The main goal was to produce potable water with high-efficiency production using solar energy. The system's main components were the absorber plate painted black, glass cover, insulation, and vessels to collect fresh water. The absorber plate is painted black to absorb solar radiation, preventing its reflection. The plate delivers higher temperatures for saline water to be evaporated and condensed afterward. The basin liner was made of an iron sheet, and the cover is made of ordinary glass, while the basin was covered with glass using silicon rubber. We used 30-degree single slope solar to identify the efficiency of using black stone without using black stone (control). The results showed that the maximum output with black stone and without it was respectively 750 ml and 600 ml; therefore, the use of black stone can increase the productivity for the single slope solar still.Keywords: Solar collector; Potable water; Brackish water.