Growth Analysis of Soybeans (Glycine max) in Competition with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hagood ◽  
T. T. Bauman ◽  
J. L. Williams ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) densities and planting dates on the growth and yield of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’]. Velvetleaf densities ranging from 2.5 to 40 plants/m2caused reductions in the dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, roots, and pods and seeds, and in the leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield when velvetleaf and soybean plants emerged at the same time. The magnitude of reduction in soybean growth and the time at which the reduction was first observed was dependent on weed density. Soybean growth reductions caused by high velvetleaf densities were less when conditions of high soil moisture content minimized the effects of competition for water. Velvetleaf emerging 21 and 23 days after soybean emergence did not reduce crop growth or yield.

Growth Analysis of Soybeans (Glycine max) in Competition with Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hagood ◽  
T. T. Bauman ◽  
J. L. Williams ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Pod Number

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) densities and planting dates on the growth and yield of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’]. Jimsonweed densities of 1.5 and 2 plants/m2did not reduce the dry weight of soybean leaf, stem, root, or pod and seed tissues, leaf area index, plant height, pod number, or seed yield when soybeans and jimsonweed were planted at the same time. Weed densities ranging from 3 to 16 plants/m2did reduce one or more of these soybean growth parameters. A significant density-by-year interaction was observed in which soybean growth reductions caused by high jimsonweed densities were less when competition for water was minimized by above-average precipitation in 1 of the 2 yr. No density of jimsonweed that emerged when soybeans were at the fourth trifoliolate-leaf stage reduced crop growth or yield.

Field Competition between Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomea hederacea) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Cordes ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Competition Effects

Detrimental effects on growth and yield of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 77′] from density and duration of competition by ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomea hederacea(L.) Jacq. ♯3IPOHE] was evaluated in 1981 and 1982 near West Lafayette, IN. Ivyleaf morningglory was planted at densities of 1 plant per 90, 60, 30, and 15 cm of row in 1981 and 1 plant per 60, 30, 15, and 7.5 cm of row in 1982. Each density of ivyleaf morningglory competed for 22 to 46 days after emergence and the full season in 1981, and for 29 to 60 days after emergence and the full season in 1982. The best indicators of competition effects were leaf area index, plant dry weight, and yield of soybeans. Ivyleaf morningglory was more competitive during the reproductive stage of soybean growth. Photosynthetic irradiance and soil moisture measurements indicated that ivyleaf morningglory does not effectively compete for light or soil moisture. All densities of ivyleaf morningglory could compete with soybeans for 46 and 60 days after emergence in 1981 and 1982, respectively, without reducing soybean yield. Full-season competition from densities of 1 ivyleaf morningglory plant per 15 cm of row significantly reduced soybean yield by 36% in 1981 and 13% in 1982. The magnitude of soybean growth and yield reduction caused by a given density of ivyleaf morningglory was greater when warm, early season temperatures favored rapid weed development.

scholarly journals Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
L. K. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.

scholarly journals Economically Optimal Plant Density for Machine-harvested Edamame

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Daljeet S. Dhaliwal ◽  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Area Index

Consumer demand for edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the vegetable version of soybean (Glycine max), has grown during the past decade in North America. Domestic production of edamame is on the rise; however, research to guide fundamental crop production practices, including knowledge useful for developing appropriate recommendations for crop seeding rate, is lacking. Field experiments near Urbana, IL, were used to quantify edamame response to plant density and determine the economically optimal plant density (EOPD) of machine-harvested edamame. Crop growth and yield responses to a range of plant densities (24,700 to 395,100 plants/ha) were quantified in four edamame cultivars (AGS 292, BeSweet 292, Gardensoy 42, and Midori Giant) across 2 years. Plots were harvested with the Oxbo BH100, a fresh market bean harvester. In general, as plant density increased, branch number and the ratio of pod mass to vegetative mass decreased, while plant height and leaf area index increased. Recovery, the percent of marketable pods in the machine-harvested sample, varied among cultivars from 86% to 95%. Results identified the EOPD for machine-harvested edamame ranged from 87,000 to 120,000 plants/ha. When considering the effect of plant density on plant morphology, as well as seeding cost, harvester efficiency, recovery, and marketable pod yield, edamame EOPDs are considerably lower than seeding rates of up to 344,200 seeds/ha recommended in recent publications.

Influence of seed treatment and foliar nutrition of molybdenum on green gram and black gram

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Syed Anwarulla ◽  
K. Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Area Index

SummaryIn two separate field experiments with green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and black gram (Vigna mungo L. Wilczek), the effect of seed treatment of molybdenum at 4, 8 and 12 g of sodium molybdate/kg seeds as well as foliar nutrition of sodium molybdate at 0·4, 0·8 and 1·2 kg/ha was evaluated on the nodulation characteristics and leghaemoglobin content of nodules and growth and yield of crops. Both seed treatment and foliar application of sodium molybdate were found to be superior to controls in respect of the number of nodules per plant and dry weight of nodules. The leghaemoglobin content of nodules in both crops was maximal in the treatments with the highest dose of seed treatment followed by the highest dose of molybdenum for foliar sprays. Molybdenum favourably influenced the growth of green gram and black gram by increasing the number of branches and leaves and by nearly doubling the leaf area index. This resulted in increased D.M. and yield of pods.

scholarly journals Action of growth regulators on production of soybean cultivar Davis

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
Roberto S. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on production of soybean plant (Glycine max cv.. Davis) under greenhouse conditions, At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TiBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Before flowering, Agrostemin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. It was observed that CCC and TIBA reduced stem dry weight. Soybean plants treated with TIBA reduced weight of pods without seeds , seed number and seed weight.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals The Impact of Road Light on Growth and Result of Soybean Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Jajuk Herawati ◽  
I. Indarwati ◽  
Tatuk Tojibatus S. ◽  
Mochamad Thohiron ◽  
Heru Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Price ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Impact

Until now, soybean is still one of the priority food commodities in Indonesia. in the agricultural revitalization program launched by the government in 2005, due to the high price volatility that did not rule out the possibility of shaking the Indonesian economy. Soybean plants can provide positive and negative responses to environmental changes growing above and in the soil.  This response can be known from phenotypic and physiological changes in plants. The environment on land which influences the growth of soybean plants mainly is the duration and intensity of irradiation, air temperature, CO2 content in the atmosphere. The study aims to determine the impact of street lighting on the growth and yield of soybean plants.  The study used a Randomized Block Design Method with 3 treatments,  and each treatment was repeated 9 times, so that it takes 27 treatment plots. J0= Distance of street lighting to soybean land (meters), J1: 50 meters, J2: 60 meters, and J3: 70 meters.  Observations were made one week after planting at 7-day intervals for growth parameters (plant height and number of leaves), while for the production parameters (Number of Content Pods/Plants, Dry Weight (DW) 100 Seeds, DW Seeds/Plots, and DW Seeds/Ha) are carried out after harvest. From the results of the study it can be concluded that there are real differences in the parameters of growth and production (number of filled pods, DW 100 seeds, DW seeds/plot, and DW seeds/ha), where the J3 treatment is capable of producing 2.89 tons/ha (an increase in dry weight of seeds/ha by 28.4%), compared to J1 2.24 tonnes/ha , although not significantly different from Treatment  J2

scholarly journals Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunu ◽  
M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Stalk Weight

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.

Use of Infrared Thermometry in Determining Critical Stress Periods Induced by Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field experiments were conducted during 1981 and 1982 in Ontario, Canada, on the effects of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE] interference in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and the usefulness of infrared thermometry in predicting critical periods of weed interference. Soybean seed yield, dry weight, number of leaves, height, and number of pods were substantially reduced due to quackgrass interference. High levels of P and K fertility did not overcome the quackgrass interference. Part of the competitive effects of quackgrass was alleviated by irrigation. Infrared thermometry successfully detected the first occurrence of quackgrass-induced stress during the early soybean flowering stage, when the quackgrass was in the four-leaf gtowth stage. This coincided with the onset of the first significant soybean yield loss. No additional soybean yield loss occurred after quackgrass reached the five-leaf growth stage. There was an inverse relation between accumulated stress degree days and soybean yield reductions due to quackgrass interference. The use of the stress degree day concept may be a valuable tool in predicting soybean yield losses due to quackgrass interference.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document