Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) in Corn (Zea mays) by Tridiphane and Atrazine Combinations

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Ujjanagouda B. Nandihalli
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The One ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A single application of 0.56 or 0.84 kg ai/ha tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) oxirane] plus 2.3 kg ai/ha of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-niethylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] at the one-to three-leaf stage controlled large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. #PANDI) 96% or more. A sequential application of 1.1 kg/ha of atrazine, in addition to the above single application, was required for control of the two grass species at the four-to six-leaf stage. Application of tridiphane plus atrazine to large crabgrass and fall panicum beyond the six-leaf stage was ineffective. Tridiphane at 0.75 kg/ha, applied alone, reduced the shoot dry weight of large crabgrass by 71%. The response of tridiphane and atrazine combinations at the four- to five-leaf stage of large crabgrass was additive.

Consecutive Annual Applications of Alachlor and Metolachlor to Continuous No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peyton Doub ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Consecutive annual applications of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] were made to continuous no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3184’ in 1982 and 1983, ‘Pioneer 3744’ in 1984, and ‘Pioneer 3378’ in 1985 to 1987). In a 5-yr study, control of the dominant annual grass species, large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA], by alachlor declined to less than 50% by the fifth year. Control of large crabgrass by metolachlor remained greater than 80% throughout the study but metolachlor allowed the establishment of a greater fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI) population in this and an additional 3-yr study than in chloroacetamide-free checks. In the 3-yr study in which giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) was dominant, annual applications of metolachlor and a microencapsulated formulation of alachlor provided better control in the second year than the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of alachlor, but formulation differences diminished in the third year.

Reduced Transpiration and Increased Water Efficiency by Diuron in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmed ◽  
R. A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Corn Plants

Of several herbicides tested on both monocotyledon and dicotyledon species, diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] was found to be the most effective in reducing transpiration in corn (Zea maysL.) plants; a reduction of 40% occurred. It was established that diuron was the active component in reducing transpiration, and not the additives in the commercial formulation (Karmex) used in this study. Foliar applications of low concentrations (0.035 to 0.56 kg/ha) of diuron effectively reduced transpiration in both cultivars (Pioneer 3780A and Pride 1108) of corn plants, at all stages of growth tested (from 3- to 10-leaf stage). This effect of diuron on reduced transpiration occurred when the supply of water or nutrients to the corn plants was either limiting or non-limiting. The reduction of transpiration of corn plants after treatment also prevented the leaves from wilting and becoming senescent. This effect was persistent over 16 days. Diuron treatment increased the water efficiency of the plants and this effect was more pronounced when water was limiting. Compared to the control, the treated plants used up to 68% less water for each gram of shoot dry weight produced. The increase in water efficiency indicates that transpiration was reduced more than photosynthesis.

Metabolism of Atrazine by Fall Panicum and Large Crabgrass

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
J. M. Houghton ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Intermediate Rate ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Compared to corn (Zea maysL.) (resistant), oats (Avena sativaL.) (susceptible), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.) (susceptible), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.) metabolized 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) at an intermediate rate. The order of tolerance of these five species (corn > fall panicum and large crabgrass > giant foxtail > oats) is identical to the order of their ability to metabolize atrazine. In 6 hr, corn, fall panicum, large crabgrass, giant foxtail, and oats metabolized 96, 44, 50, 17, and 2%, respectively, of the14C-atrazine absorbed from a 10 ppm solution and translocated to the foliage, leaving concentrations of 2.2, 34.8, 30.1, 59.8, and 66.3 mμ moles, respectively, of atrazine per g of fresh weight of shoots. Hydroxyatrazine [2-hydroxy-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] was found in the shoots of corn and giant foxtail. Corn shoots also contained a more hydrophilic metabolite, presumably a peptide conjugate. Hydrophilic metabolites found in the shoots of giant foxtail, fall panicum, and large crabgrass were chromatographically identical to the hydrophilic metabolite found in corn.

Response of Various Weed Species and Corn (Zea mays) to RPA 201772

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Sanjay Kushwaha ◽  
Sowmya Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the response of corn (Zea mays), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescence) to RPA 201772. Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were more susceptible than yellow foxtail to RPA 201772. Velvetleaf was the most susceptible species and rates above 18 g ai/ha of RPA 201772 controlled 100% of the population 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Percent control of all the weed species increased with increased RPA 201772 rates. In the field, the dry weights of yellow foxtail decreased as the rate of RPA 201772 increased from 0 to 210 g/ha. However, a 60% reduction of dry weight of yellow foxtail was recorded at 140 g/ha of RPA 201772 compared to the untreated check 6 WAT, whereas at 12 WAT the dry weight of yellow foxtail was reduced to only 15% because of intraspecific competition. Yellow foxtail was moderately susceptible to RPA 201772. Corn was tolerant to RPA 201772; the GR80 value was 435 g/ha in the greenhouse. The bleaching injury to corn in the field was less than 10%, and it was found only with the 210 g/ha rate of RPA 201772. This injury was temporary and the plants recovered within 2 to 3 wk. Based on the GR80 values, velvetleaf was the most susceptible, followed by common lambsquarters, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and yellow foxtail.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Experimental Extended-Delivery Granular Preemergent Herbicide Formulations for Direct Application to Nursery Containers

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Jason A. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Studies evaluated the efficacy of experimental extended-delivery herbicide formulations for direct application to containers. The purpose for direct application to containers is to reduce non-target loss from the current practice of broadcast applications. A separate laboratory study was also conducted to evaluate the rate response of oryzalin on germination of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). Results of the laboratory study indicate that crabgrass germination is reduced when seeds are exposed to the preemergence herbicide oryzalin at concentrations of ≥0.025 parts per million. Experimental herbicides were produced by formulating polymeric exchange resins and cellulose complex carriers with oryzalin. Experimental herbicides reduced weed shoot dry weight at 120 DAT and 150 DAT when compared to Rout®, Surflan® and the untreated control.

Effects of Nicosulfuron on Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Betsey M. O'Toole ◽  
John Andaloro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Conventional Field

Four field experiments were conducted during 1988 and 1989 to determine the effects of POST application of nicosulfuron on quackgrass control in conventional field corn. A single application of nicosulfuron at 35 to 70 g ha–1applied to four- to six-leaf quackgrass controlled over 90% of quackgrass five weeks after treatment. Nicosulfuron at 35 g ha–1applied at the one- to three-leaf stage was not as effective as the same rate applied at the four- to six-leaf stage. When nicosulfuron at 35 g ha–1was applied to four- to six-leaf quackgrass, over 80% of the quackgrass regrowth was controlled one year later. Nicosulfuron did not injure ‘Agway 584S’ corn at the highest rate (140 g ha–1) tested and did not reduce silage or grain yield.

scholarly journals Weed Interference in Container-grown `San Jose' Juniper

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Kandy L. Walker ◽  
David J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Experiments in two consecutive years indicated that barnyardgrass (Echirzochloa crusgalli L.), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) reduced growth of container-grown `San Jose' juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `San Jose') 83 days after transplanting grass seedlings into the containers. Grass densities of one to six weeds per container reduced `San Jose' juniper growth. By 83 days of grass interference, juniper shoot dry weight was reduced as much as 43% by six weeds per container.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of14C-Glufosinate in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn, Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Cassandra R. Mayhew ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate14C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of14C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with14C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolites of14C-glufosinate were detected in glufosinate-resistant corn and all weed species. Seventy percent of14C was attributed to glufosinate metabolites 72 HAT in large crabgrass. Less metabolism was observed for sicklepod, goosegrass, and glufosinate-resistant corn, with metabolites composing less than 45% of detectable radioactivity 72 HAT.

Interaction of 2,4-DB With Postemergence Graminicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas to determine if grass control is affected when postemergence-applied graminicides are mixed with 2,4-DB. Grass species evaluated included broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Mixing 2,4-DB with the graminicides reduced grass control 8 to 15% at five of 11 locations. The antagonism was not specific for a particular grass species or graminicide, and it was not restricted to grasses under adverse growing conditions. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours after graminicide application alleviated the antagonism. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours before the graminicides overcame the antagonism at three of the five locations.

scholarly journals Cutless Controls Shoot Growth of ‘China Girl’ Holly

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
G.J. Keever ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
D.J. Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Container Production

Abstract Ilex x meserveae ‘China Girl’ plants were sprayed with a single application of different rates of Cutless (flurprimidol) during container production. Growth index, shoot length and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing rates of Cutless. Growth index of plants treated with 500 ppm Cutless was about 17% less than that of control plants 120 days after treatment, but were similar after the spring flush the following year. Growth inhibition persisted for at least two growing seasons when plants were treated with rates of 1500 to 2500 ppm; foliage of these plants was smaller and more cupped than that of control plants. Treated plants were noticeably more compact and uniform, and foliage was darker green than that of control plants.

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