Reduced Transpiration and Increased Water Efficiency by Diuron in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmed ◽  
R. A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Corn Plants

Of several herbicides tested on both monocotyledon and dicotyledon species, diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] was found to be the most effective in reducing transpiration in corn (Zea maysL.) plants; a reduction of 40% occurred. It was established that diuron was the active component in reducing transpiration, and not the additives in the commercial formulation (Karmex) used in this study. Foliar applications of low concentrations (0.035 to 0.56 kg/ha) of diuron effectively reduced transpiration in both cultivars (Pioneer 3780A and Pride 1108) of corn plants, at all stages of growth tested (from 3- to 10-leaf stage). This effect of diuron on reduced transpiration occurred when the supply of water or nutrients to the corn plants was either limiting or non-limiting. The reduction of transpiration of corn plants after treatment also prevented the leaves from wilting and becoming senescent. This effect was persistent over 16 days. Diuron treatment increased the water efficiency of the plants and this effect was more pronounced when water was limiting. Compared to the control, the treated plants used up to 68% less water for each gram of shoot dry weight produced. The increase in water efficiency indicates that transpiration was reduced more than photosynthesis.

Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) in Corn (Zea mays) by Tridiphane and Atrazine Combinations

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Ujjanagouda B. Nandihalli
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The One ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A single application of 0.56 or 0.84 kg ai/ha tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) oxirane] plus 2.3 kg ai/ha of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-niethylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] at the one-to three-leaf stage controlled large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. #PANDI) 96% or more. A sequential application of 1.1 kg/ha of atrazine, in addition to the above single application, was required for control of the two grass species at the four-to six-leaf stage. Application of tridiphane plus atrazine to large crabgrass and fall panicum beyond the six-leaf stage was ineffective. Tridiphane at 0.75 kg/ha, applied alone, reduced the shoot dry weight of large crabgrass by 71%. The response of tridiphane and atrazine combinations at the four- to five-leaf stage of large crabgrass was additive.

scholarly journals Aluminum in corn plants: influence on growth and morpho-anatomy of root and leaf

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelli Fernandes Batista ◽  
Ismar Sebastião Moscheta ◽  
Carlos Moacir Bonato ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Batista ◽  
Odair José Garcia de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Corn Plants

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most limiting factors for productivity. This research was carried out to assess the influence of Al nutrient solution on plant height, dry weight and morphoanatomical alterations in corn (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five treatments consisting of Al doses (0, 25, 75, 150, and 300 µmol L-1) and six replications. The solutions were constantly aerated, and the pH was initially adjusted to 4.3. The shoot dry matter, root dry matter and plant height decreased significantly with increasing Al concentrations. Compared to the control plants, it was observed that the root growth of corn plants in Al solutions was inhibited, there were fewer lateral roots and the development of the root system reduced. The leaf anatomy of plants grown in solutions containing 75 and 300 µmol L-1 Al differed in few aspects from the control plants. The leaf sheaths of the plants exposed to Al had a uniseriate epidermis coated with a thin cuticle layer, and the cells of both the epidermis and the cortex were less developed. In the vascular bundle, the metaxylem and protoxylem had no secondary walls, and the diameter of both was much smaller than of the control plants.

scholarly journals 354 REDUCING ROOTING-OUT PROBLEMS IN POT-IN-POT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 481d-481
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei `Acom a' to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control'” fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree that allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.

scholarly journals Interference of Sorghum sudanense and Eleucine indica in the soybean and corn cultivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Rizzardi ◽  
A.C.D. Wandscheer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Sorghum Sudanense ◽  
Corn Plants

The natural infestations are composed of numerous species that compete for environmental resources such as water, light, nutrients and space. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of mixed infestations Sorghum sudanense (sudangrass) and Eleusine indica (goosegrass) in the presence of soybean and corn. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications and the experimental units consisted of plastic pots with a volume capacity of 8 L. The treatments were associations of plants S. sudanense and E. indica in the proportions 8:0, 6:2, 4:4,2:6 and 0:8, respectively, corresponding to 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% S. sudanense and the reverse for E. indica. In all treatments remained constant four soybean or corn plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed in the weeds were shoot dry weight, root, total and height of plants. The competitive analysis was accomplished through diagrams applied to replacement series experiment and indexes of competiveness. The results indicated that E. indica was more competitive than S. sudanense in mixed infestations with corn. Rather, S. sudanense was more competitive than E. indica, in mixed infestations with soybean, demonstrating differences in competitiveness among the weeds.

Analisis Hasil hibridisasi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata) Dan Jagung Ketan(Zea Mays Ceratina) Menggunakanmetodepersilangan Buatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Johan Adi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Color Ratio ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Corn Plants

ABSTRACT - To support large-scal e corn exports by the Minister of Agriculture, production is needed. One way is by hybridizing corn plants to produce new corn plants with high production. This study aims to determine the results of crosses between sweet corn and sticky corn. Reinforcement Sidoarjo with a height of sea level ± 7m in May to August 2018. This research was carried out descriptively with 2 types of crosses of sweet corn as female parent and glutinous corn as male parent (TK) and glutinous corn as female parent and sweet corn a s male parent (KT), which is repeated 4 times then continued with unpaired T Test and the usual percentage to determine the difference between TK and K The variables observed were ear weight, seed color, seed shape, and dry weight per 100 seeds. The resu lts showed that crosses gave rise to 3 color variants namely white, yellowish white and yellow. With a color ratio of 3: 1 in the TK treatment and 1: 3 in the KT treatment. Crosses of sweet corn and sticky corn also produced 2 different forms of corn, namely wrinkles and solid forms with a total percentage of 16,625% in the form of wrinkles and 83,375% in round shape.    

Ozone-Metolachlor Interactions on Corn (Zea mays), Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and Soybean (Glycine max)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegnehu Mersie ◽  
Tadesse Mebrahtu ◽  
Muddappa Rangappa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

The potential interactive effects between metolachlor [0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm (w/w)] and the air pollutant ozone (O3) [0.2 and 0.4 ppm (v/v)], on growth of corn, bean, and soybean were examined under controlled conditions. At both concentrations, O3alone reduced corn and bean dry weights but only affected bean at 0.4 ppm (v/v). Shoot dry weight of corn was reduced by O3plus metolachlor more than expected, thus indicating synergism. The expected dry weights of bean and soybean treated with metolachlor plus O3were similar to or higher than expected, thus indicating additive or antagonistic interactions.

Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
G.C. Wilson ◽  
N. Soltani ◽  
C.J. Swanton ◽  
F.J. Tardif ◽  
D.E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sporadic weed found in corn (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Eight trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the competitiveness of volunteer winter wheat in corn. A soft red winter wheat cultivar (Pioneer 25R47) was seeded at each location at densities of 0 to 30 seeds m-2 late in the fall, prior to corn planting the following spring. Volunteer wheat competition in corn resulted in reduced emergence of corn leaf collars. Competition with volunteer wheat resulted in a 5% decrease in corn leaf collars present at 21 and 70 d after emergence with volunteer wheat densities of 3.0 and 5.2 plants m-2, respectively. Furthermore, volunteer wheat competition reduced total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, plant and ear height and yield by 5% with densities of 5.1 to 6.0 plants m-2 compared with the weed-free control. The level of competitiveness was dependent on the density of volunteer wheat.

The Influence of Terbufos on Primisulfuron Absorption and Fate in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd L. Frazier ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Lance J. Meinke
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Terbufos and primisulfuron interactions were evaluated under growth chamber conditions using a sand culture system. Terbufos was applied to transplanted corn seedlings, followed in 5 d by foliar applications of primisulfuron plus nonionic surfactant. Primisulfuron and terbufos alone did not cause corn injury; however, shoot dry weight and shoot length were reduced 28 and 36% in terbufos treatments 96 h after primisulfuron application. Primisulfuron absorption and translocation were not affected by terbufos, but the half-life of primisulfuron increased from 2 to 3.5 h in terbufos treatments. Terbufos did not affect primisulfuron metabolite profiles. The basis for increased primisulfuron phytotoxicity in terbufos treatments appeared to result from reduced primisulfuron metabolism.

scholarly journals 464 Distribution of Sugars in Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 524D-524
Author(s):  
V.M. Russo ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Corn Plants

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) kernels are sinks, and sugars found in kernels must be translocated from a source. Stalk tissues can act as a source and a sink as sweet corn plants age. Quantity and types of sugars present in various sweet corn tissues during plant development are not well documented. Concentrations of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and their total were determined in the ninth stalk internodes (I9) from the 12-leaf stage (V12) to fresh-market maturity (R3) in sweet corn cultivars carrying either the su1se1, su1, or sh2 endosperm genotype. Developing ears were sampled at tassel emergence (VN) and silking (R1). Kernels and cob tissue were sampled separately at blister stage (R2) and R3. Correlation analysis was performed on concentrations of sugars at all developmental stages. In I9, from V12 to R3, levels of fructose and glucose declined and sucrose increased. In developing ears, concentrations of fructose and glucose increased from VN to R1. Concentrations of sugars in cobs in all cultivars were generally the same at R2 and R3. In kernels from R2 to R3 in the su1se1 cultivar, glucose decreased while the other sugars were unchanged; in the su1 cultivar, fructose decreased while levels of the other sugars stayed the same; and in the sh2 cultivar, fructose decreased, glucose was unchanged and sucrose increased. Correlation analysis suggested that the cultivars moved sugars to the kernels differently. The pattern of movement of sugars to kernels was most complex in the su1se1 cultivar than in the su1, which was more comlex than in the sh2 cultivar. Knowing how sugar content changes in the plant may be used to predict sugar content in kernels.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ON GROWTH CHARACTERS AND NPK CONTENT OF POPCORN Zea mays Var. everta

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Ekhlas Farhan ◽  
Labed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Growth Characters ◽  
Private Farm

A field experiment was conducted in one of gypsum soil private farm in Al-Dour district during autumn season 2019. The study aims to show the effect spray potassium concentration of 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 mg l-1 on growth characters and NPK percentage in popcorn plants var Noor. The experiment was applied by using RCBD with three replicates. The results showed that corn plants which sprayed with 6000 mg l-1 gave the highest significant values in plant height 148.06 cm , leave area 4396.3 cm2, leave area index 4.47, leaves number 14.4, plant dry weight 134 g, NAR 0.001789 g cm-2 day-1, CGR 0.002275 gm day-1 and percentage of K, N, and P of 3.591, 1.9, and 0.424% respectively. There was no significant different between 4000 and 6000 mg l-1 treatments in all studied characters. Therefore the spraying of 4000 mg l-1 was useful to improve growth characters and popcorn plant content of NPK.

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