Vernal Seedling Emergence Model for Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Harvey ◽  
Frank Forcella
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Weed Emergence

Knowledge of timing and extent of weed emergence before and immediately after crop seedbed preparation is needed to decrease need for preplant herbicides and increase efficacy of postemergence weed control in crops with either mechanical or chemical methods. Such knowledge is important for weeds that infest most crops over a wide area. For these reasons a mechanistic seedling emergence model based solely on soil temperature was developed for common lambsquarters. The model was validated using four sets of field data collected in 1988, 1990, and 1991 near Morris, MN. Agreement of predicted and observed emergence values across all site-years was 0.95 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.98 (P < 0.001). Agreement for individual site-years was 0.96, 1.08, 1.08, and 0.98 and associated R2values were 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 (P < 0.001 for each site-year), indicating close agreement between predicted and actual emergence values.

Effect of water on common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] seedling emergence in corn

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Leblanc ◽  
D. C. Cloutier ◽  
C. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Emergence

A 2-year field study was conducted in corn to determine the influence of rainfall, irrigation and soil water content on common lambsquarters and barnyardgrass emergence. Rainfall or irrigation had no influence on the final weed density and little on the pattern of weed emergence because the soil water content was at or greater than field capacity during the main weed emergence period. Irrigation may hasten the first weed emergence by warming the soil when temperature is limiting for germination. In southwestern Quebec, temperature appears to be the most important factor regulating germination in the spring since soil moisture is normally at field capacity for a long period, in part because of the melting of snow. Key words: Irrigation, weed emergence, soil moisture

Calibration and validation of a common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seedling emergence model

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse L. Leblanc ◽  
Daniel C. Cloutier ◽  
Katrine A. Stewart ◽  
Chantal Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Studies were conducted to calibrate and validate a mathematical model previously developed to predict common lambsquarters seedling emergence at different corn seedbed preparation times. The model was calibrated for different types of soil by adjusting the base temperature of common lambsquarters seedling emergence to the soil texture. A relationship was established with the sand mineral fraction of the soil and was integrated into the model. The calibrated model provided a good fit of the field data and was accurate in predicting cumulative weed emergence in different soil types. The validation was done using data collected independently at a site located 80 km from the original experimental area. There were no differences between observed and predicted values. The accuracy of the model is very satisfactory because the emergence of common lambsquarters populations was accurately predicted at the 95% probability level. This model is one of the first to take into consideration seedbed preparation time and soil texture. This common lambsquarters emergence model could be adapted to model other weed species whose emergence is limited by low spring temperature.

Modeling germination and seedling elongation of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erivelton S. Roman ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Stephen D. Murphy ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Hydrothermal Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Radicle Elongation

The ability to predict time of weed seedling emergence relative to the crop is an important component of a mechanistic model describing weed and crop competition. In this paper, we hypothesized that the process of germination could be described by the interaction of temperature and water potential and that the rate of seedling shoot and radicle elongation vary as a function of temperature. To test these hypotheses, incubator studies were conducted using seeds and seedlings of common lambsquarters. Probit analysis was used to account for variation in cardinal temperatures and base water potentials and to develop parameters for a new mathematical model that describes seed germination and shoot and radicle elongation in terms of hydrothermal time and temperature, respectively. This hydrothermal time model describes the phenology of seed germination using a single curve, generated from the relationship of temperature and water potential.

Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Postemergence Herbicides and Cultivation

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Parks ◽  
William S. Curran ◽  
Gregory W. Roth ◽  
Nathan L. Hartwig ◽  
Dennis D. Calvin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Low Rate

Greenhouse studies assessed the susceptibility of three common lambsquarters biotypes to foliar-applied bromoxynil, dicamba, and thifensulfuron. Field studies evaluated the effectiveness of the same herbicides in conjunction with atrazine and row cultivation for the control of common lambsquarters in corn. In the field, bromoxynil was applied at 140, 280, and 420 g/ha, dicamba at 140, 280, and 560 g/ha, and thifensulfuron at 2, 3, and 4 g/ha. In the greenhouse, bromoxynil and thifensulfuron reduced common lambsquarters growth by at least 55%, while dicamba reduced growth 45% or less. Two of the three biotypes were resistant to atrazine. In the field, weed control was up to 70% better in cultivated plots than in noncultivated plots. Cultivation sometimes promoted additional weed emergence, but later emerging weeds rarely reached reproductive maturity. Atrazine improved the level of weed control only if triazine-susceptible weeds were present. The lowest rates of bromoxynil and dicamba (140 g/ha) controlled common lambsquarters 85% or greater even without cultivation, whereas control with the low rate of thifensulfuron (2 g/ha) was acceptable (greater than 85%) 8 wk after planting only in combination with cultivation. Combinations of reduced herbicide rates and mechanical cultivation provided effective, alternative control strategies for both triazine-resistant and susceptible common lambsquarters.

The use of thermal time to model common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seedling emergence in corn

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse L. Leblanc ◽  
Daniel C. Cloutier ◽  
Katrine A. Stewart ◽  
Chantal Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Effect of tillage andZea maysonChenopodium albumseedling emergence and density

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erivelton S. Roman ◽  
Stephen D. Murphy ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Moldboard Plow

We studied the effect of tillage systems (no-till, chisel, and moldboard plow) and the presence or absence ofZea maysL. (corn) on soil temperature, moisture, and, subsequently, the emergence phenology and density ofChenopodium albumL. (common lambsquarters) at two sites (Elora and Woodstock) from 1993 to 1995. The tillage system affected the phenology ofC. albumseedling emergence only in 1995. In that year, more days were required to reach 80% cumulative seedling emergence in no-till than in the chisel or moldboard plow treatments. The delay in obtaining 80% cumulative emergence was attributed to a dry period from days 159 to 177 at Elora and from days 155 and 176 at Woodstock. The presence or absence of Z.maysdid not affect soil temperatures, soil moisture, orC. albumseedling emergence phenologies.Chenopodium albumseedling density was influenced by tillage and environmental conditions. Large variations in seedling density were attributed to environmental conditions. The presence or absence ofZ. maysdid not affectC. albumseedling density.

Temperature and Water Potential as Parameters for Modeling Weed Emergence in Central-Northern Italy

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Stefano Benvenuti ◽  
Maria Clara Zuin ◽  
Mario Macchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Weed Emergence

Predicting weed emergence dynamics can help farmers to plan more effective weed control. The hydrothermal time concept has been used to model emergence as a function of temperature and water potential. Application of this concept is possible if the specific biological thresholds are known. This article provides a data set of base temperature and water potential of eight maize weeds (velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, yellow foxtail, green foxtail, and johnsongrass). For five of these species, two ecotypes from two extreme regions of the predominant maize-growing area in Italy (Veneto and Tuscany), were collected and compared to check possible differences that may arise from using the same thresholds for different populations. Seedling emergence of velvetleaf and johnsongrass were modeled using three different approaches: (1) thermal time calculated assuming 5 C as base temperature for both species; (2) thermal time using the specific estimated base temperatures; and (3) hydrothermal time using the specific, estimated base temperatures and water potentials. All the species had base temperatures greater than 10 C, with the exception of velvetleaf (3.9 to 4.4 C) and common lambsquarters (2.0 to 2.6 C). All species showed a calculated base-water potential equal or up to −1.00 MPa. The thresholds of the two ecotypes were similar for all the studied species, with the exception of redroot pigweed, for which the Veneto ecotype showed a water potential lower than −0.41 MPa, whereas it was −0.62 MPa for the Tuscany ecotype. Similar thresholds have been found to be useful in hydrothermal time models covering two climatic regions where maize is grown in Italy. Furthermore, a comparison between the use of specific, estimated, and common thresholds for modeling weed emergence showed that, for a better determination of weed control timing, it is often necessary to estimate the specific thresholds.

Effect of Soil Disturbance on Annual Weed Emergence in the Northeastern United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Myers ◽  
William S. Curran ◽  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Brad A. Majek ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Weed Emergence

A 2-yr experiment evaluated the effect of spring soil disturbance on the periodicity of weed emergence. At four locations across the northeastern United States, emerged weeds, by species, were monitored every 2 wk in both undisturbed plots and plots tilled in the spring with a rotary cultivator. Eight weed species including large crabgrass, giant and yellow foxtail, common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, eastern black nightshade, common ragweed, and velvetleaf occurred at three or more site-years. Spring soil disturbance either had no effect or reduced total seedling emergence compared with undisturbed soils. Total seedling emergence for large crabgrass, giant foxtail, smooth pigweed, and common ragweed were on average, 1.4 to 2.6 times less with spring soil disturbance, whereas eastern black nightshade and velvetleaf were mostly unaffected by the soil disturbance. The influence of soil disturbance on yellow foxtail and common lambsquarters emergence varied between seasons and locations. Although the total number of emerged seedlings was often affected by the soil disturbance, with the exception of yellow foxtail and common ragweed, the periodicity of emergence was similar across disturbed and undisturbed treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Light during Cultivation on Weed Emergence

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 428F-429
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Standard Tractor ◽  
Effect Of Light

This experiment was conducted to determine whether light conditions during cultivation affect the number or species composition of emerging weeds. Plots were cultivated on 31 May 1996 under the following light conditions: 1) Ambient nighttime light (full moon) plus tractor headlights, 2) ambient nighttime light plus tractor headlights covered by transparent green film (green tractor lights), 3) ambient nighttime light with no tractor headlights, 4) ambient mid-day light. A fifth treatment was not cultivated at all, but was treated with glyphosate on 31 May to kill emerged plants. Results discussed below are based on weed densities determined 3 weeks after cultivation. Cultivated plots had more broadleaf weeds than uncultivated plots (119/m2 vs. 40/m2). Annual grass populations were the same in cultivated and uncultivated plots (20/m2). Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata) were the most common annual broadleaf weeds, representing more than 80% of the annual broadleaf population in cultivated plots. Light conditions during cultivation did not influence the total number of broadleaves, number of annual grasses, or total number of weeds emerging. Lambsquarters emerged in greater numbers after daytime or night cultivation using green tractor lights (48/m2) than after night cultivation using standard tractor headlights (32/m2). These results suggest no practical benefit to night cultivation for reducing overall weed density. A similar study in 1995 led to a similar conclusion. Although measurable effects of light conditions on weed emergence were observed in both years, the magnitude and consistency of the effects were not enough to suggest changes in cultivation practices without further research.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

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