Picloram Enhances 2,4-D Movement in Field Bindweed

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma S. O. Agbakoba ◽  
J. R. Goodin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) was sprayed with a mixture of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). A mixture of picloram and 2,4-D each at 0.01 lb and 0.001 lb/A killed tops of plants faster than 2,4-D alone or picloram alone at the same rates. Higher rates of 1 lb/A picloram plus 1 lb/A 2,4-D and 0.1 lb/A picloram plus 0.1 lb/A 2,4-D were not consistently synergistic or antagonistic. The percent of plants which produced new growth were 0 for picloram alone at 1 lb/A, 20 for a mixture of 2,4-D and picloram each at 1 lb/A, and 40 for 2,4-D alone at 1 lb/A. Other rates of 0.1 lb/A, 0.01 lb/A, and 0.001 lb/A did not control regrowth of field bindweed. Application of unlabeled picloram simultaneously with14C-2,4-D increased translocation of14C-2,4-D, but the reverse was not true.

Effect of Stage of Growth of Field Bindweed on Absorption and Translocation of 14C-Labeled 2,4-D and Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma S. O. Agbakoba ◽  
J. R. Goodin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Middle Leaf ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Adult Plants

The effect of stage of growth of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on absorption and translocation of 14C-labeled 2,4-D and picloram was studied. Three stages of growth investigated were s-week old seedlings, and 7-week old and 16-week old vegetatively propagated plants. One middle leaf of each plant was treated with either 14C-labeled (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Treated plants were harvested after 48 hr and assayed for radioactive 14C. The percent of 2,4-D applied which was absorbed by seedlings was less than that absorbed by adult plants. Picloram absorption was not different in seedlings and 7-week old adult plants, but the 16-week old adult plants absorbed more picloram than either the 5-week old seedlings or 7-week old adult plants. More picloram than 2,4-D was absorbed at all stages of growth. Translocation of both 2,4-D and picloram was greater in seedlings than in older plants. No difference was found in amounts of 2,4-D and picloram translocated by adult field bindweed plants. More 2,4-D than picloram was translocated by seedlings.

Absorption and Translocation of14C-Labeled 2,4-D and Picloram in Field Bindweed

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma S. O. Agbakoba ◽  
J. R. Goodin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Middle Leaf ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Absorption and translocation of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) were measured in defoliated and intact field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) plants. Radioactivity was applied as 5 μl of triethylamine salts of 2,4-D and picloram with an activity of 0.15 μc to a middle leaf in intact and partially-defoliated plants. After treatment for 96 hr,14C-activity in untreated leaves, stems, growing tips, and roots was measured. Removal of all leaves significantly reduced absorption but not translocation of both 2,4-D and picloram. A greater percentage of the applied picloram than 2,4-D was absorbed in all treatments. Translocation of14C of both 2,4-D and picloram was greater when (a) upper and lower leaves were removed, (b) upper leaves only were removed, and (c) lower leaves only were removed than (d) when plants were intact. Removal of lower (older) leaves reduced translocation more than removal of upper (younger) leaves.

Control of Canada Thistle and Field Bindweed in Asparagus

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) were controlled in asparagus (Asparagus officinalisL. ‘Mary Washington’) fields by repeated applications of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.6 kg/ha or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + dicamba at 1.1 + 0.3 or 1.1 + 0.6 kg/ha. Applications of 2,4-D + dicamba at 1.1 + 0.6 kg/ha in early May and again in mid-June controlled 97% of the Canada thistle in asparagus fields. A third application about August 1 was required to give similar control of field bindweed. Rates of dicamba exceeding 0.6 kg/ha injured the asparagus.

Control of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) with Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Wiese ◽  
Dwane E. Lavake
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Good Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Over 20 experiments comparing glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), fosamine [ethyl hydrogen (aminocarbonyl)phosphonate], and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] for control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL. # CONAR) were conducted from 1976 to 1982 at various times of the year and different stages of weed growth. In three of the studies, 1.7, 3.4, and 5.0 kg ae/ha of glyphosate gave 54, 72, and 80% control, respectively, 1 yr after application. Control with glyphosate at 3.4, 2,4-D at 1.1, dicamba at 1.1, and fosamine at 13.7 kg ae/ha in the 20 studies was 71, 55, 57, and 73%, respectively, 1 yr after application. Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and fosamine gave good control at any time of the year if weed growth was lush. Dicamba gave good control anytime if growth was good and in the fall regardless of growing conditions. Control with mixtures of dicamba and picloram, picloram and 2,4-D, or glyphosate and picloram was higher than with the other herbicides. Dicamba at 1.1 kg/ha, applied after August caused some injury to wheat planted the same fall. Herbicide combinations with picloram at 0.28 kg/ha applied after June injured wheat planted in the fall.

Effects of 2,4-D and Amino Acids on Field Bindweed in Vitro

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Harvey ◽  
T. J. Muzik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Differential Binding ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two clones of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) which differed in their susceptibility to (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) under field and greenhouse conditions also exhibited similar differences when stem cells were cultured in liquid and agar media. Amino acids added to the culture media altered the response to 2,4-D. Glutamic acid increased the tolerance of the susceptible (S) clone, but reduced the tolerance of the resistant (R) clone. Glutamine increased the susceptibility of the S clone to a much greater degree than it did the R clone. No significant differences were noted in the rates of absorption of metabolism of 2,4-D by the two clones. Glutamine increased and glutamic acid decreased 2,4-D absorption by both clones. Levels of nitrate reductase activity (NRA), soluble protein (SP), and gross RNA (GR) increased in the S tissues but decreased or remained constant in the R tissues exposed to 4.5 × 10−5M 2,4-D. Correlations between 2,4-D susceptibility and NRA demonstrated a relationship between the effects of 2,4-D and nitrogen metabolism. Differential binding of 2,4-D within the cells appears to be the most likely explanation for the differences in response to 2,4-D.

Differential Susceptibility of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Biotypes to Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. Degennaro ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Variable Control ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Biotypes of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L. ♯3 CONAR) identified in Indiana varied widely in susceptibility to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] but not to 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] in field tests. Significant differences in injury to two of the biotypes occurred with glyphosate applied at 1.12 to 4.48 kg ai/ha in greenhouse tests. Differences of greater than 70% in injury rating, root and shoot dry weight, and shoot regrowth dry weight occurred between the two biotypes at 2.24 kg/ha glyphosate. The susceptibility of the tolerant biotype at 2.24 kg/ha glyphosate was decreased by 40% as it increased in age, while the susceptible biotype sustained complete foliar necrosis when treated at all plant ages tested. Susceptibility differences between the two biotypes could not be correlated to differences in leaf stomatal or epidermal cell number. These studies suggested that the variable control of field bindweed observed in the field may be due to the occurrence of biotypes within a given population of this weed which differ in their susceptibility to glyphosate.

Control of Growth Regulator Preconditioned Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) with Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Neil E. Humburg
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed

The effect of various growth regulators on seedling field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL. # CONAR) growth and control with herbicides was evaluated. Fourteen growth regulators were applied at 0.38 to 380 g/ha 7 days before herbicide application in greenhouse, growth chamber and field studies. Field bindweed seedlings pretreated with growth regulators were more effectively controlled by herbicides compared to those not pretreated in greenhouse evaluations. Abscisic acid [[R-(Z,E)]-(+)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6-6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexane-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadicenoic acid] (ABA), ancymidol [a-cyclopropyl-a-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol], cycloheximide {3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocylohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide}, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [N,N′-1,2-ethanediyl-bis-(N-(carboxymethyl) glycine] (EDTA), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) increased field bindweed stem length. Ancymidol and gibberellic acid [ent-3α,10,13-trihydroxy-20-norgibberell-1,16-diene-7,19-dioc acid 19,10-lactone] (GA) increased root weight, and GA increased root length. Cycloheximide, ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] and MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) decreased field bindweed root weight. Ancymidol, GA and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) increased the number of shoots per plant of seedling field bindweed. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) efficacy was enhanced following field bindweed preconditioning with ethephon and IAA. Ancymidol and cycloheximide applied as pretreatments increased glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] activity on seedling field bindweed. Ancymidol and IAA pretreatment improved field bindweed control with triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}. Herbicide-growth regulator combination treatments that increased field bindweed control in greenhouse and growth chamber studies did not increase top growth control in the field.

Field Bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis)Control in Corn(Zea mays)and Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)with Dicamba and 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer ◽  
J. F. Swink ◽  
P. E. Heikes
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Fall Application

Control of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensisL.) on irrigated land was studied by application of herbicides once in the fall and then only in the spring for the next 4 yr. Control of field bindweed 8 months after a fall application of 2.2 kg/ha of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) or 3.4 kg/ha of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was 90 and 83%, respectively. Spring applications of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba, 0.56 kg of 2,4-D, or the mixture of these two herbicides suppressed the growth of field bindweed similarly each year. By the fall of the fourth year, field bindweed covered an average of 9% of the soil surface in the plots that received both fall- and spring-applied herbicide treatments, 72% in plots that received only fall-applied herbicide treatments, and 80% in the untreated plots. Yield of corn(Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3306’) was significantly higher in all treated plots than in the untreated check plots in 1 out of 2 yr. Yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Pioneer 833’] was not increased significantly in any treated plots, but in 1 yr the mixture of 0.28 kg/ha of dicamba plus 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D reduced yield significantly when this mixture was applied twice at these same rates in the spring.

Field Bindweed Control with Dicamba and 2,4-D, and Crop Response to Chemical Residues

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer ◽  
J. F. Swink
Keyword(s):  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Field Beans

Under furrow irrigation, control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) was at least 90% where 4.5 and 6.7 kg/ha of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) had been applied 1 year before. Dicamba at 2.2 kg/ha, mixtures of dicamba and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), and 2,4-D alone were less effective. No herbicide treatment had eradicated field bindweed after 3 years, but the combined use of herbicides, tillage, and crop competition had suppressed the growth of field bindweed by 31 to 55%. Sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) seedlings appeared normal where 2,4-D had been applied 8 months earlier, but over 90% of the seedlings were killed in plots treated with dicamba. Treatment with 2.2 kg/ha of 2,4-D and dicamba, singly or in combination, resulted in yields of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) significantly greater than yields from the untreated field bindweed check. The 4.5 and 6.7-kg/ha rates of dicamba still affected sugarbeets during the second year following treatment. Corn (Zea maysL.) production was not affected in the third year by any herbicide treatment. Dicamba, applied at 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 kg/ha, persisted in the upper 15 cm of top soil for at least 12 months in amounts that were phytotoxic to field beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and sugarbeets.

Separation of Glyphosate and Possible Metabolites by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sprankle ◽  
C. L. Sandberg ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was separated from its potential metabolites, aminomethylphosphonic acid, glycine, and sarcosine by using 500 μm-thick cellulose plates developed with ethanol:water:15 N NH4OH:trichloroacetic acid (TCA):17 N acetic acid (55:35: 2.5:3.5 g:2, v/v/v/w/v with v in ml). This TLC system separated impurities from the14C-glyphosate standard and glyphosate from possible metabolites in treated field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensisL.).

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