Distribution of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian Knapweed (Centaurea repens)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Maddox ◽  
Aubrey Mayfield ◽  
Noah H. Poritz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Centaurea Repens ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

The world distributions of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L. ♯ CENSO) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens L. ♯ CENRE) are mapped based on information from world regional floras. A survey of weed specialists and herbaria was made in the United States, and the extent of the infestations and economic importance of these weeds was determined for the 48 contiguous states. Yellow starthistle currently occurs in 209 counties in 23 states and has apparently increased in abundance since 1970. Russian knapweed was reported in 412 counties in 21 states and does not seem to be spreading. Both of these weedy plant species are of greater economic importance in the western United States than in the east.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Infection of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) by Synchytrium solstitiale, Causal Agent of False Rust Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Widmer ◽  
F. Guermache
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Centaurea Calcitrapa

Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is an annual invasive weed in the United States with Mediterranean origins. The expense of chemical control and the vast area of invasion make this weed an appropriate target for classical biological control. Observations of a field site in southern France revealed small orange galls on the leaves of yellow starthistle seedlings caused by the fungus Synchytrium solstitiale. Inoculation of yellow starthistle seedlings with a suspension of zoospores released from infected tissue resulted in infection. Ten days after inoculation, typical orange galls appeared on the exposed tissue. Preliminary host range testing showed up to 100% infection of C. solstitialis seedlings from both France and the United States and infection of Carthamus tinctorius, Centaurea americana, C. diffusa, C. rothrockii, C. squarrosa, and Helianthus annuus seedlings. No symptoms were observed on seedlings of Centaurea calcitrapa, C. maculosa, C. sulfurea, Cirsium californica, C. occidentale, Cynera cardunculus, and Taraxacum officinale. Zoospores were released in a pH range between 4.45 and 8.25 and optimally at temperatures between 5 and 15°C. Infection of yellow starthistle seedlings occurred after a minimum 1-h exposure to a zoospore suspension at 20°C.

INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Malcolm A. Holliday ◽  
Robert W. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Food ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Workers in the pediatric field have recognized that undernutrition is of major importance in developing countries around the world and have expressed interest in the extent to which efforts have been made in the United States to deal with this problem. This report attempts to bring together information from a wide variety of sources and to summarize the considerable efforts that have been made in dealing with these problems of undernutrition. It may provide a basis for future planning and involvement on the part of those concerned with solutions for the food problems abroad as well as the application of experience with them to situations in this country. The vital importance of nutrition was forcefully described by the President's Science Advisory Committee in its 1968 report on the "World Food Problem." The principal findings and conclusions reached were stated as follows: 1. the scale, severity, and duration of the world food problem are so great that a massive, long-range, innovative effort unprecedented in human history will be required to master it; 2. the solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of family planning and population control be initiated now. The food supply is critical for the immediate future; 3. food supply is directly related to agricultural development and, in turn, agricultural development and overall economic development are critically interdependent in the hungry countries; and 4. a strategy for attacking the world food problem will, of necessity, encompass the entire foreign economic assistance effort of the United States in concert with other developed countries, voluntary institutions, and international organizations.

The Importance of Being Florentine: A Journey around the World for Wax Anatomical Venuses

Nuncius ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo de Ceglia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th Century History ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article reconstructs the 19th century history of events regarding a few female wax anatomical models made in Florence. More or less faithful copies of those housed in Florence's Museum of Physics and Natural History, these models were destined for display in temporary exhibitions. In their travels through Europe and the United States, they transformed the expression "Florentine Venus" into a sort of brand name used to label and offer respectability to pieces of widely varying quality.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a colonizing weed in the western United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Marginal Population

Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.), a diploid annual native to the Mediterranean region, has rapidly colonized a variety of disturbed habitats in the western United States since its accidental introduction in the mid-19th century. Population genetic attributes were investigated in association with the species' colonizing success. Allozyme electrophoretic surveys were conducted for a total of 22 populations from California, Washington, and Idaho, including the southern and northern extremes of its distribution in the Pacific states. High levels of allozyme variation exist within populations, on average 43% of loci were polymorphic, with 2.88 alleles, a heterozygosity of 0.38, and gene diversity of 0.35 per polymorphic locus. At the species level, 56% of loci were polymorphic, with 2.85 alleles per locus, and the total gene diversity was 0.172. With the exception of a marginal population San Diego, the level of genetic diversity was similarly high in all regions. Lack of interpopulation genetic divergence (GST = 0.095) suggests that majority of the colonial populations were founded by a large number of genotypes and that high levels of gene flow may exist between local populations (Nm = 2.38). Information on genetic structure of the weed populations may aid our understanding of the species' colonizing ability in North America and is important for predicting the effectiveness of biological control program. Key words: allozyme variation, Centaurea solstitialis, population genetics, weed colonization, yellow starthistle.

The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Prospects for Peacekeeping

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-565
Author(s):  
Lincoln P. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The World ◽  
United Nations Charter ◽  
Made In

When the United Nations Charter was drafted in 1945 the provisions for keeping the peace had to be drawn up in the abstract. There was no tangible enemy, crises were in the future, and commitments were made in a vacuum. It was only when it became clear what the world was really like that “peacekeeping” was invented. It turned out that in most conflict situations there was no definable aggressor or victim, that the danger was uncontrolled escalation of local conflicts into the nuclear realm, and that the real enemy was a fantastically complex set of instabilities, inequities, and passions to which 1945 international ground rules were inadequately related.

scholarly journals A Wireworm Glyphonix bimarginatus (Schaeffer) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elateridae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Dakshina R. Seal ◽  
Rafia A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
The World ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Glyphonix bimarginatus (Figure 1) is a common click beetle pest of various economically important crops. The larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are elongated, wire-like and commonly known as wireworms. Wireworms are considered as subterranean economic pests during their larval stages in many parts of the world including the United States. The larvae of Glyphonix bimarginatus are commonly found with larvae of other click beetles in the field. Larvae of Glyphonix bimarginatus occurs in soil rich in organic matter and rarely in sandy soil. Young roots and germinating seeds are commonly fed upon by the larvae. This document describes its distribution, life cycle and biology, hosts, economic importance, and management. Also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1233

scholarly journals A Numerical Study of the Current COVID-19 Spread Patterns in India, the USA and the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanta K. Baruah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn this article, we are going to study the current COVID-19 spread patterns in India and the United States. We are interested to show how the daily increase in the total number of cases in these two countries is affecting the COVID-19 spread pattern in the World. For the study, we have considered the cumulative total numbers of cases in India, the United States and the World. We have found that the situation in the United States is already on the threshold of a change towards retardation. In the World as a whole also we have observed that a similar conclusion can be made. In India, the situation can be expected to move towards betterment soon, and once that happens the situation in the World as a whole would start improving. We shall demonstrate that as long as the rate of change of the logarithm of the cumulative total number of cases with respect to time in a pandemic continues to reduce, the pattern of growth would continue to remain nearly exponential, and as soon as it is seen that the rate of change starts to become nearly constant the growth can be expected to start to change towards a nearly logarithmic pattern.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) and Other Weedy Euphorbia spp. in the United States

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Made In

A survey was made in the United States to determine the extent of the infestations of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and other weeds of economic importance in the Euphorbiaceae. From introductions about 100 yr ago, leafy spurge is now found in 458 counties in 26 states from coast to coast. The infestations are out of control in some states, and biological control is mentioned as a possible solution to the problem.

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