Managing Threats to Welfare: The Search for a New Paradigm of Welfare

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Titterton
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
And Coping

ABSTRACTThis article argues that dominant paradigms in the study of social welfare have neglected the role of creative human agency in responding differentially to threats of welfare across the lifespan. This is due to the preference for unitary categories of analysis which place vulnerable individuals into homogenous groupings and to the tendency to work with limited models of vulnerability and helpseeking. These paradigms are further characterised by a preoccupation with pathological views of health and welfare and by inadequate conceptualisations of mediating factors and coping across the life course. A new paradigm of welfare is called for, the focus of which would be on the differential nature of vulnerability and risk among individuals and their differentiated reactions to threats to welfare. Directions for empirical research within such a paradigm are outlined.

Environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Holroyd ◽  
Nicholas C. Harvey ◽  
Mark H. Edwards ◽  
Cyrus Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.

scholarly journals Intracohort Trends in Ethnic Earnings Gaps: The Role of Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311984574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Limor Gabay-Egozi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
The Life Course

This study demonstrates that studying ethnic/racial inequality on the basis of cross-sectional data conceals how such inequality might unfold over the life course. Moving beyond a snapshot perspective, we ask, Do Israel’s Jewish ethnic groups differ in their long-term earnings trajectories? Analyzing nearly 20 years of registered earnings data, the authors find that for the same cohort (25- to 32-year-old Jews in 1995), the ethnic earnings gap has widened over these years. This trend, we demonstrate, is explained largely by increasing wage premiums for college degree, even when these premiums are ethnicity blind. That is, ethnic inequality in educational attainment is translated to increasing ethnic earnings inequality over the life course. This pattern cannot be detected in previous research in Israel, which relied on the snapshot perspective on the basis of cross-sectional data. The consequences of these findings for changes in inequality in divided societies are discussed.

scholarly journals LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORIES OF MULTIMORBIDITY IN OLD AGE: THE ROLE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OVER THE LIFE COURSE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
S Dekhtyar ◽  
D Vetrano ◽  
A Marengoni ◽  
H Wang ◽  
K Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Trajectories ◽  
The Life Course

The study of the obstacles and errors in the modern didactics. Particularizations for middle school mathematics: Methodological aspects of empirical research

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Daniela Căprioară
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Middle School Mathematics ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The learning approach in a constructivist manner implies, among other things, considering the obstacles that arise in carrying out this process and are manifest, if they are not overcome, at the level of the learning outcome, by errors. In mathematics learning, some of these obstacles are isolated and more difficult to control didactically. However, most of them have a phenomenological character and, consequently, the identification of their nature (epistemological, psychological or didactic (Astolfi, 1997)) is required. This co-ordinate sets new dimensions to the didactic field, generating a new paradigm concerning the role of errors in mathematics study.

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