Part IV. Prehistoric Cemetery: A Deposit of L.H. III Pottery

1957 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Cross Wall ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
North West ◽  
Western Area ◽  
South Wall ◽  
East End ◽  
Area North ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Middle Helladic

In 1939, following up the suggestion of Tsountas that Schliemann's Grave Circle with the tombs found under the houses round it had once formed part of a Prehistoric Cemetery which had been, so to speak, cut in two when the Lion Gate and Cyclopean Citadel Wall were built, we excavated an area north-west of the Lion Gate outside the walls in the hope of finding tombs belonging to the Cemetery. We were not disappointed and we found fifteen tombs ranging in date from Middle Helladic to Late Helladic II. A report of this discovery with an account of the tombs has already been published.In 1950 one of the objects of our excavation was to extend the exploration outside the Cyclopean walls of this area, now known as the Prehistoric Cemetery. The south-west corner of the area already excavated had proved to be rich in M.H. tombs (Graves XI, XIII–XV). We decided, therefore, to clear the immediately adjoining section to the south-east, where we hoped to find other graves of the Cemetery. The excavation was entrusted to Miss D. H. F. Gray, and her notebook has been freely drawn upon in the preparation of this report.The part excavated divides naturally, as will be seen by the plan (Fig. 2), into a northern and a southern division which are separated by an east–west cross–wall (A–A on the plan). This wall is the eastern continuation of a wall found in the south-western area in 1939 just to the south of Grave XIII. Immediately to the east of Grave XIII the wall is crossed by a north–south wall, B–B, at a higher level. This later wall seems almost certainly Hellenistic, for it belongs to the uppermost strata of the area which contained Hellenistic tiles, loom weights, and pottery. It runs northwards for about 2·50 m. to 3·00 m. and then returns at a right angle eastwards, C–C, forming the southern boundary of the area excavated in 1939. The return at its east end runs into another, rather irregular north–south Hellenistic wall, D–D, which we took as the limit of our excavations in this direction.

A gold diadem from Aegina

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Reynold Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle Helladic ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

A recent discovery on the island of Aegina by Professor H. Walter (University of Salzburg) throws a new light on the origins of the so-called Aegina Treasure in the British Museum.In 1982 the Austrians were excavating the Bronze Age settlement on Cape Kolonna, to the north-west of Aegina town. Immediately to the east of the ruined Temple of Apollo, and close to the South Gate of the prehistoric Lower Town, they found an unrobbed shaft grave containing the burial of a warrior. The gravegoods (now exhibited in the splendid new Museum on the Kolonna site) included a bronze sword with a gold and ivory hilt, three bronze daggers, one with gold fittings, a bronze spear-head, arrowheads of obsidian, boar's tusks from a helmet, and fragments of a gold diadem (plate Va). The grave also contained Middle Minoan, Middle Cycladic, and Middle Helladic (Mattpainted) pottery. The pottery and the location of the grave in association with the ‘Ninth City’ combine to give a date for the burial of about 1700 BC; and the richness of the grave-goods would suggest that the dead man was a king.

scholarly journals Archaeological excavations in St Giles' Cathedral Edinburgh, 1981-93

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
John Lawson ◽  
Nicholas Holmes ◽  
Derek Hall ◽  
George Haggarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Church ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
East End ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Church

The report describes the results of excavations in 1981, ahead of development within the South Choir Aisle of St Giles' Cathedral, and subsequent archaeological investigations within the kirk in the 1980s and 1990s. Three main phases of activity from the 12th to the mid-16th centuries were identified, with only limited evidence for the post-Reformation period. Fragmentary evidence of earlier structural remains was recorded below extensive landscaping of the natural steep slope, in the form of a substantial clay platform constructed for the 12th-century church. The remains of a substantial ditch in the upper surface of this platform are identified as the boundary ditch of the early ecclesiastical enclosure. A total of 113 in situ burials were excavated; the earliest of these formed part of the external graveyard around the early church. In the late 14th century the church was extended to the south and east over this graveyard, and further burials and structural evidence relating to the development of the kirk until the 16th century were excavated, including evidence for substantive reconstruction of the east end of the church in the mid-15th century. Evidence for medieval slat-bottomed coffins of pine and spruce was recovered, and two iron objects, which may be ferrules from pilgrims' staffs or batons, were found in 13th/14th-century burials.

Quechua’s Southern Boundary: The Case of Santiago del Estero, Argentina

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH DeMARRAIS
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The South ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
North West ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Continued Use

This chapter examines the far southern boundary of Quechua's spread throughout the Andes. It argues that Quechua reached north-west Argentina in Inka times and that it was widely used during the colonial period as well. The rationale for this argument is based primarily on evidence for (1) the extent of Inka resettlements in Argentina; (2) the nature of Inka relations with local peoples in the far south; and (3) continued use of Quechua under the Spaniards, as described in the documentary sources. Less clear are the precise population movements that brought Quechua speakers initially to Santiago del Estero, as the archaeological record suggests that the Inka frontier lay higher up the slopes in the provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Tucumán, and Catamarca, where the majority of Inka installations are found. The documents reveal that activities of the Spaniards had further, far-reaching consequences for Quechua's presence in the south Andes, and that ultimately Quechua was replaced in most of north-west Argentina by Spanish.

IV.—The Upper Trias of Leicestershire

1913 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Black Shales ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Boundary ◽  
East End

Although the Rhætic beds are not exposed continuously along the eastern boundary of the Keuper outcrop, they have been proved at many points from the River Trent in the north on the Nottinghamshire border to Glen Parva in the south. South of this point there is so much drift, and borings within the Liassic outcrop have been so isolated or shallow, that there is a gap in our knowledge of the intervening ground between the last point and the Rugby district. The Countesthorpe boring, carried to a depth of over 600 feet, encountered Upper Keuper beneath the Drift, with no intervening Rhætics. Commencing in the north in the Gotham district the two outliers are capped above the Red Marl and Tea-green Marl with Rhætic beds, and Lower Lias Limestone (Ps. planorbe zone) above. At Ash Spinney at the south end of the southern outlier, and at the east end of Crownend Wood, Black Shales with Avicula contorta crop out; and on the west side septaria are seen. On the north-west side of the northern outlier at Cottager's Hill Protocardium phillipianum has been found in a well-section near the lane. Rhætic shales are seen in the shafts driven for gypsum works about Gotham.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF LOW RAINFALL HILL COUNTRY

1966 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
R.I. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
East End

PATEAROA STATION is situated at the south-east end of the Maniototo plain, and runs from the plains level of 1,200 ft at the homestead to a height of 4,700 ft at the top of the Rock and Pillar range. The station comprises 13,000 acres, 700 acres of which is arable, the balance being hill country. The general aspect is north-west, and the district enjoys the doubtful privilege of running Alexandra a very close race for the distinction of being the driest in New Zealand. Over the last 10 years, the annual rainfall has been 13.63 in. and the 50-year average is just over 14 in. per year.

The forethought of Themistocles

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Holladay
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle Helladic ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

A recent discovery on the island of Aegina by Professor H. Walter (University of Salzburg) throws a new light on the origins of the so-called Aegina Treasure in the British Museum.In 1982 the Austrians were excavating the Bronze Age settlement on Cape Kolonna, to the north-west of Aegina town. Immediately to the east of the ruined Temple of Apollo, and close to the South Gate of the prehistoric Lower Town, they found an unrobbed shaft grave containing the burial of a warrior. The gravegoods (now exhibited in the splendid new Museum on the Kolonna site) included a bronze sword with a gold and ivory hilt, three bronze daggers, one with gold fittings, a bronze spear-head, arrowheads of obsidian, boar's tusks from a helmet, and fragments of a gold diadem (plate Va). The grave also contained Middle Minoan, Middle Cycladic, and Middle Helladic (Mattpainted) pottery. The pottery and the location of the grave in association with the ‘Ninth City’ combine to give a date for the burial of about 1700 BC; and the richness of the grave-goods would suggest that the dead man was a king.

On Two Long Barrows near Rodez in the South of France

1939 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Not Given ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
Outer Line ◽  
Total Length ◽  
East End ◽  
Eastern Edge

Among the Lukis MSS. in the Lukis Museum, St. Peter Port, Guernsey, are some plans of burial chambers in the neighbourhood of Bennac, a small village in the commune of Salles-la-Source, in the Aveyron. Bennac is about two and a half kilometres south-east of Salles-la-Source itself, and some nine kilometres north-west of Rodez, the chief town of the department. These plans were made by Sir Henry Dryden and the Rev. W. C. Lukis during a visit to Rodez, and they include one of a chambered long barrow (fig. 1), here reproduced by kind permission of the authorities of the Lukis Museum. This plan is dated 17th September 1872 and is described as ‘Oval Barrow no. 2 at Vennac’: the total length of the barrow is given as 101 ft. 3 in., while, according to the plan, the maximum breadth is about 65 ft. The barrow is orientated from east to west with the chamber set in the broader east end: from the western edge of the barrow (the outer line) to orthostat D is given as 78 ft. 5 in., and from orthostat D to the eastern edge of the barrow as 22 ft. 10 in. The chamber is a short rectangular gallery from 13 to 14 ft. long and about 5 ft. wide: a note appended to the plan gives the lengths of the orthostats as follows: A, 13 ft. 8 in.; B, 5 ft.; C, 5 ft. 6 in.; and D, 4 ft. 11 in. The height of D is not given, but to the west of this stone, Lukis had written, ‘another chamber?’; which suggested that D was perhaps only a sill-stone.

Excavations on Pilsdon Pen, Dorset, 1964–71

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 263-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Gelling
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Nearest Point ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
East End ◽  
The Hill

Pilsdon Pen is in west Dorset, very close to the Devon border, some 6 miles north-west of Bridport, and about 5½ miles from the nearest point of the coast (ST 413013). It is a long flat-topped hill, the highest in Dorset, reaching 908 ft above OD, and dominating Marshwood Vale from the north. The hill-fort occupies the south-east end of the Pen, at the north-west end of which there is a small embanked enclosure, much levelled by ploughing, which could be of Iron Age date also. The two nearest hill-forts are Lambert's Castle and Coneys Castle, about 3 and 3½ miles away respectively, which overlook Marshwood Vale from the west (fig. 1).Excavation began in 1964, and continued annually until 1971, all but one of the seasons lasting four weeks. The work was initiated, and largely supported, by the owner of the site, Mr Michael Pinney, of Bettiscombe Manor, to whom archaeology owes a great debt. Mrs Betty Pinney was one of our most skilful excavators, and all those who took part will remember her hospitality. Financial help was also given by the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society and by Birmingham University. Among many helpers, to all of whom I am most grateful, I should like to mention in particular my wife, who shouldered the daunting task of keeping the camp supplied, and Mr Jack Wells, of Tanyard Farm, Marshwood, without whose regular assistance the excavation would have taken much longer, and cost a great deal more.

Excavation of an Untouched Chamber in the Lanhill Long Barrow

1938 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Keiller ◽  
Stuart Piggott ◽  
A. D. Passmore ◽  
A. J. E. Cave
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South Side ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
North West ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
East End

The Lanhill Barrow stands on the south side of the Chippenham–Marshfield road about 2½ miles west-north-west of the former place. It stands on level ground with a gentle slope to the south down to a small spring a few yards away on that side. The water runs east and at the bottom a dam has been carried across the field thus at one time forming a small lake, this is probably later in date than the barrow itself. The direction of the barrow is slightly south of east and north of west with the larger end to the former point. It is about 185 ft. long by 90 ft. wide at the east end, gradually tapering to a point at the west.

scholarly journals Maurice Lugeon 1870-1953

1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Border Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
Home Town ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Limestone Alps ◽  
The Alps ◽  
East End ◽  
Western Portion

Maurice Lugeon was born on 10 July 1870, at Poissy near Paris; but from 1876 onwards his home-town was Lausanne on the Swiss, that is the north, shore of the Lake of Geneva. Here he died on 23 October 1953 , after several months of illness. Lugeon has emphasized that two names, Chablais among places and Bertrand among persons, played a particularly important role in his life. Chablais is the district of France which faces Lausanne across the Lake of Geneva. Bertrand is the ever popular hero of French geology—Lugeon has styled him the ‘Confucius of tectonics’, that is of earth structure . Chablais is mainly occupied by the south-western portion of what geologists call the Prealps, or more specifically the Prealpes romandes. Geographically these Prealps furnish an ill-defined and local border-zone to the Alps as a whole. Running north-eastwards, they leave French territory near the east end of Lake Geneva to continue through Switzerland to the Lake of Thun. Their total length is 120 km, and maximum breadth 40 km. To the north-west the Swiss Plain spreads out before them, mostly well below 1000 m, whereas their own summits often reach above 2000 m, while those of the High Limestone Alps immediately to the south-east rise clad in snow to over 3000 m (Dent du Midi, Diablerets, Wildhorn, Wildstrubel).

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