scholarly journals The First Stars

2002 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
David Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Neutron Excess ◽  
Explosive Burning

The possible nature of the first generation of stars is considered, using a star of 25M⊙ as an example. General nucleosynthesis and the production of CNO catalysts is examined in detail. The increase in neutron excess and its significance for yields from explosive burning is discussed. An estimate of the ratio of ionizing photons to heavy elements produced is derived, for use in early universe simulations.

First stars, hypernovae, and superluminous supernovae

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1630025
Author(s):  
Ken’ichi Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Elemental Abundance ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Relativistic Jets ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
The Big Bang

After the big bang, production of heavy elements in the early universe takes place starting from the formation of the first (Pop III) stars, their evolution, and explosion. The Pop III supernova (SN) explosions have strong dynamical, thermal, and chemical feedback on the formation of subsequent stars and evolution of galaxies. However, the nature of Pop III stars/supernovae (SNe) have not been well-understood. The signature of nucleosynthesis yields of the first SN can be seen in the elemental abundance patterns observed in extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars. We show that the abundance patterns of EMP stars, e.g. the excess of C, Co, Zn relative to Fe, are in better agreement with the yields of hyper-energetic explosions (Hypernovae, (HNe)) rather than normal supernovae. We note the large variation of the abundance patterns of EMP stars propose that such a variation is related to the diversity of the GRB-SNe and posssibly superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). For example, the carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars may be related to the faint SNe (or dark HNe), which could be the explosions induced by relativistic jets. Finally, we examine the various mechanisms of SLSNe.

scholarly journals Supernovae at the cosmic dawn

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 1430008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Jung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Intergalactic Medium ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Cosmological Simulations ◽  
First Stars ◽  
The Big Bang

Modern cosmological simulations predict that the first generation of stars formed with a mass scale around 100 M⊙ about 300–400 million years after the Big Bang. When the first stars reached the end of their lives, many of them might have died as energetic supernovae (SNe) that could have significantly affected the early Universe via injecting large amounts of energy and metals into the primordial intergalactic medium. In this paper, we review the current models of the first SNe by discussing on the relevant background physics, computational methods and the latest results.

The First Stars

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Loeb ◽  
Steven R. Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Radiative Processes ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

This chapter considers the emergence of the complex chemical and radiative processes during the first stages of galaxy formation. It studies the appearance of the first stars, their feedback processes, and the resulting ionization structures that emerged during and shortly after the cosmic dawn. The formation of the first stars tens or hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang had marked a crucial transition in the early Universe. Before this point, the Universe was elegantly described by a small number of parameters. But as soon as the first stars formed, more complex processes entered the scene. To illustrate this, the chapter provides a brief outline of the prevailing (though observationally untested) theory for this cosmological phase transition.

scholarly journals Chances for Earth-Like Planets and Life Around Metal-Poor Stars

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Hans Zinnecker
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Solar Metallicity ◽  
Earth Like Planets ◽  
The Universe

We discuss the difficulties of forming earth-like planets in metal-poor environments, such as those prevailing in the Galactic halo (Pop II), the Magellanic Clouds, and the early universe. We suggest that, with fewer heavy elements available, terrestrial planets will be smaller size and lower mass than in our solar system (solar metallicity). Such planets may not be able to sustain life as we know it. Therefore, the chances of very old lifeforms in the universe are slim, and a threshold metallicty (90% solar?) may exist for life to originate on large enough earth-like planets.

Neutron excess number and nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in a type Ia supernova explosion

JETP Letters ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Panov ◽  
I. Y. Korneev ◽  
S. I. Blinnikov ◽  
F. Röpke
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Neutron Excess ◽  
Type Ia Supernova ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Excess Number

Spectroscopy of the near-infrared afterglow of GRB 050904 at z = 6.3

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Absorption Lines ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Faint Object ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Sharp Cutoff

AbstractWe present the optical/NIR spectrum of the afterglow of GRB 050904 obtained with the Faint Object Camera And Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2m telescope taken 3.4 days after the burst. It is, as of June 2006, the only GRB with a known redshift larger than 6. The spectrum shows a clear continuum at the long wavelength end of the spectrum with a sharp cutoff at around 900nm due to Lyα absorption at a redshift of 6.3 with a damping wing. Little flux is present in the waveband shortward of the Lyα break. A system of absorption lines of heavy elements at redshift z = 6.295±0.002 were also detected, yielding a precise measurement of the largest known redshift of a GRB. Analysis of the silicon and sulphur absorption lines suggests a dense environment around the GRB with the metallicity larger than 0.1 solar, providing unique information on the galaxy and star forming region at z>6. This observation has shown that GRB is a powerful probe of the early universe.

scholarly journals The Transition from the First Stars to the Second Stars in the Early Universe

2007 ◽  
Vol 661 (1) ◽  
pp. L5-L8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britton D. Smith ◽  
Steinn Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
First Stars

scholarly journals Stellar Feedback Through Cosmic Time: Starbursts & Superwinds

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S250) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Dopita
Keyword(s):  
Massive Star ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Stellar Feedback ◽  
Galactic Winds ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Made In

AbstractThroughout cosmic time, the feedback of massive star winds and supernova explosions has been instrumental in determining the phase structure of the interstellar medium, controlling important aspects of both the formation and evolution of galaxies, producing galactic winds and enriching the intergalactic medium with heavy elements. In this paper, I review progress made in our theoretical understanding of how these feedback processes have operated throughout cosmic time from the epoch of the first stars through to the present day.

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