scholarly journals XVIII.—On Steam and Brines

1900 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-573
Author(s):  
J. Y. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Abundant Supply

The immediate purpose of the present research was the investigation of the temperature at different pressures of boiling mixtures of steam and salts, analogous to the well-known freezing mixtures of ice and salt.When steam is blown through common salt in coarse powder, it condenses to water, which dissolves some of the salt, and the resulting brine is kept boiling by the arrival of more steam. The temperature of this boiling mixture is quite constant so long as there is an abundant supply both of steam and of salt, and as the atmospheric pressure does not change, it is about 8·5° C. above the temperature of boiling water when the barometric pressure is the normal of 760 mm. When the barometric pressure is 560 mm. this excess has fallen to 8·0° C. Most other salts behave in a similar way.

scholarly journals IX. On the use of the barometric thermometer for the determination relative heights

1846 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Law

Although the observation of the temperature of boiling water has been for some time, but not extensively, employed for the determination of relative heights, yet the only means which experiment has confirmed of reducing it to a measure of the atmospheric pressure as usually estimated by the height of an equiponderate column of mercury has, till very recently, been overlooked; and it may perhaps be owing to this circumstance that the instrument for making the requisite observations remains to have fully developed in it the advantages it undoubtedly possesses, in portability and strength of construction, over the fragile and easily deranged barometer. My attention having been called to this subject by a remark made by Professor Forbes in his interesting work on the Alps, to the effect that he had found the temperature of boiling water to decrease uniformly with the increase in height of the place of observation, and at the rate of one degree of Fahrenheit for every 550 feet of vertical ascent, I considered that it would be highly satisfactory to verify this result during an excursion over the Alps of Savoy and Piedmont which I then had in contemplation, and in the course of which I proposed to visit some localities at very considerable elevations above the sea level: and I was induced also to seek for some foundation for this very simple law. In prosecuting the latter inquiry, I soon found that, by assuming the truth of De Luc’s formula for the determination of the boiling-point from the barometric pressure, at all accessible heights, a corroboration of the law in question is at once arrived at. I have since found, by reference to a paper in Vol. xv. of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, that Professor Forbes had himself verified his original conjecture in the same manner.

scholarly journals Seasonal Trends in the Occurrence of Eclampsia

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Ahmad Malik ◽  
Shaheen Kausar ◽  
Alia Bashir ◽  
Mamoon Akbar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Study Setting

ABSTRACT Background Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major obstetric complications with unclear etiologies. Understanding the exact association with different weather patterns may help us in understanding what factors may be involved in triggering these events. Lower temperature, higher humidity and lower barometric pressure are linked to eclampsia. Objective To know the relation between variations of weather and incidence of eclampsia in patients presenting in, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Materials and methods Total number of deliveries and patients presenting with eclampsia were recorded from January 2008 to December 2012. Meteorological data was acquired from the regional meteorological center recording the monthly average temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall during the study period. The incidence of eclampsia and the seasonal trend were analyzed for Maximum (MMM) temperature, humidity at 5 pm, 5 pm atmospheric pressure (ATM) and rainfall. Study design Cross sectional study Study setting Gyne Unit 2, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Results Over a 60-month period, a total of 31,331 deliveries were recorded, of which 579 patients developed eclampsia (1.85%). There was a statistically significant Pearson's correlation coefficient, the incidence of eclampsia was found to increase with MMM 5 pm temperature (0.516, p < 0.05) and rainfall (0.427, p < 0.05) and 5 pm ATM atmospheric pressure (—0.501, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found with humidity (0.093, p > 0.05). Conclusion Incidence of eclampsia has direct linear relationship with increased temperature and rainfall and inverse relationship with 5 pm atmospheric pressure. The humidity had no apparent effect. How to cite this article Kausar S, Bashir A, Malik A, Qureshi MA. Seasonal Trends in the Occurrence of Eclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):83-87.

scholarly journals A Link between Atmospheric Pressure and Fertility of Drosophila Laboratory Strains

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Adonyeva ◽  
Petr N. Menshanov ◽  
Nataly Gruntenko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Weather Factor ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Standardization of conditions under which insects are kept is of great importance when studying their physiology and researchers do their best to maintain it. Nevertheless, sometimes an obvious side effect of some unaccounted factor affecting insects’ reproduction can be revealed even under thoroughly controlled laboratory conditions. We faced such a phenomenon when studying the fertility level in two wild type Drosophila melanogaster strains. For fertility analysis, 50 newly emerged females and 50 males of each strain under study were transferred to fresh medium daily within 10 days. We found out that fertility of both strains was stable on days 2–10 after the oviposition onset in one experiment, while in another one it was significantly decreased during days 5–10. When compared to publicly available meteorological data, these changes in the fertility level demonstrated a strong association with one weather factor: barometric pressure. Thus, we conclude that changes in atmospheric pressure can be considered a factor affecting insects reproduction and discuss a possible mechanism of their influence on fertility.

Estimation of Uncertainty in the Atmospheric Pressure Measurement From the Indian Ocean Moored Buoy Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Venkatesan ◽  
Krishnamoorthy Ramesh ◽  
Manickavasagam Arul Muthiah ◽  
Narayanaswamy Vedachalam ◽  
Pothikasalam Murugesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Indian Ocean

AbstractPrecise and accurate monitoring of atmospheric pressure by barometric pressure sensors used in moored buoys in the Indian Ocean is a key factor in cyclone monitoring and climate studies. Underperformance of these sensors has significant impacts on societal protection, weather predictions, and climate modeling. Experimental studies are carried out on the barometric pressure sensors used in moored buoys to quantitatively estimate the uncertainties due to sensor accuracy, drift, static pressure head, and satellite telemetry resolution. The overall measurement uncertainty of the pressure sensors is identified to be ±0.13 hPa, which is within the accuracy limits recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

scholarly journals The Optimal Ambient Conditions for World Record and World Class Performances at the Berlin Marathon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Scheer ◽  
David Valero ◽  
Elias Villiger ◽  
José Ramón Alvero Cruz ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
World Record ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
World Records ◽  
The Ideal

The “Berlin Marathon” is the fastest marathon racecourse in the world and has witnessed 11 world records (WRs; eight in men and three in women). Weather conditions can have an important impact on race time and we therefore examined the influence of environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, sunshine, precipitation, barometric pressure, and cloud cover) on WRs and elite (i.e., winner, top three and top 10 finishers) marathon performances of men and women at the “Berlin Marathon” between 1974 and 2019. Average world record marathon times in men were 2:03:52 ± 0:01:19 h:min:s and 2:25:05 ± 0:08:25 h:min:s in females (p &lt; 0.05). Male competitions were held 44 times (mean winning time: 2:09:48 ± 0:09:15 h:min:s) and female competitions 41 times (mean winning time: 02:30:35 ± 0:19:09 h:min:s; p &lt; 0.05). World record performances were set at mean temperatures of 18.61 ± 2.59°C for men and 13.07 ± 4.01°C for women (p &gt; 0.05). The ideal environmental conditions for world record performances for men were temperatures of 18.61°C (p &gt; 0.05), sunny, mostly dry days, with higher atmospheric pressure and little cloud cover (all p &gt; 0.05). In women, ideal conditions for world records performances were temperatures of 13.07°C (p &gt; 0.05), with low atmospheric pressure (p &gt; 0.05), but significantly more rain (p &lt; 0.05), and with no sunshine (p &lt; 0.05) and cloud cover (p &lt; 0.05). With elite performances, the ideal temperatures were of 17.36 ± 4.33°C for men and 17.93 ± 4.07°C for women (p &gt; 0.05), with little to no rain, and moderate cloud cover and sunshine (p &gt; 0.05). In summary, novel findings are, that environmental conditions in world records performances differ between men and women, with women obtaining world records in bad weather (with rain, cloud cover, and no sunshine) and men in good weather (sunny, mostly dry days, with little cloud cover). Larger sample sizes are needed to examine sex differences and environmental conditions on world record marathon performances.

ELEVATION SURVEYING BY PRECISION BAROMETRIC MEANS

Geophysics ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Stripling ◽  
R. A. Broding ◽  
E. S. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Field Techniques ◽  
Isothermal Gas ◽  
Gas Chamber

A sensitive instrument for measuring changes in atmospheric pressure and adapted for use in elevation surveying is described. Differences in atmospheric pressure are measured by measuring the changes in volume of an isothermal gas chamber that are required to maintain the chamber at atmospheric pressure. The instrument is sensitive to a change in atmospheric pressure equivalent to an elevation differences of 0.1 foot. Some of the theoretical aspects relating barometric pressure to elevation are reviewed, and the practical limitations imposed by the erratic nature of the atmosphere are discussed. Two field techniques are described, and a typical survey around an eight mile loop of thirteen stations is presented in which the closure is 1.2 feet, and the average error is 0.8 foot.

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