Stalking the elusive mental image screen

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
Image Representations ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Image Screen ◽  
The Way

After thirty years of the current “imagery debate,” it appears far from resolved, even though there seems to be a growing acceptance that a cortical display cannot be identified directly with the experienced mental image, nor can it account for the experimental findings on imagery, at least not without additional ad hoc assumptions. The commentaries on the target article range from the annoyed to the supportive, with a surprising number of the latter. In this response I attempt to correct some misreadings of the target article and discuss some of the ideas and evidence introduced by the commentators – much of which I found helpful, even though they do not alter my basic thesis. I also further develop the idea that the spatial character of images may come from the way they are connected to our immediate or immediately-recalled environment (by attention or by visual indexes) and towards which we may orient while we are imaging, thus leaving the alleged spatial properties of images outside the head and freeing image-representations from having to be displayed on any surface.

Revisiting the risk of undesired appeal in investment treaty arbitration: is deference to the tribunal’s award still less likely in the ICSID context?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J Marcopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Investment Treaty Arbitration ◽  
The Way

Abstract Although they are generally not subject to appeal the way court decisions typically are, investor-State arbitration awards can be reviewed—and potentially set aside—in a number of ways and on various bases. In this respect, investor-State arbitration under the auspices of ICSID is notable in that it provides a self-contained system for the review of arbitral awards by ICSID-appointed ad hoc committees. In the period 2000–2010, this feature of the ICSID system attracted criticism as ad hoc committees appeared to be overreaching in their review of arbitral awards, exercising less deference to the tribunal’s decisions than what would be expected given the narrow bases for setting aside an award under the ICSID Convention. This article revisits the issue 10 years later, exploring whether ICSID practice has evolved in these areas and whether there remains a greater risk of unexpected de novo review by ICSID ad hoc committees. Looking at recent ICSID annulment decisions as well as the case law of arbitration-friendly jurisdictions, the article concludes that although the ICSID ad hoc committees have recently shown more restraint, they continue to interfere more with the tribunal’s reasoning and decisions than many courts exercising the same function.

TIME CONSTRAINTS AND PRAGMATIC ENCROACHMENT ON KNOWLEDGE

Episteme ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shin
Keyword(s):  
Time Constraints ◽  
Pragmatic Encroachment ◽  
Knowledge Ascriptions ◽  
Ordinary Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Way

AbstractCiting some recent experimental findings, I argue for the surprising claim that in some cases the less time you have the more you know. More specifically, I present some evidence to suggest that our ordinary knowledge ascriptions are sometimes sensitive to facts about an epistemic subject's truth-irrelevant time constraints such that less (time) is more (knowledge). If knowledge ascriptions are sensitive in this manner, then this is some evidence of pragmatic encroachment. Along the way, I consider comments made by Jonathan Schaffer (2006) and Jennifer Nagel (2008, 2010) to construe a purist contextualist and a strict invariantist explanation of the data respectively, before giving reasons to resist them in favor of an account that indicates pragmatic encroachment. If successful, this may suggest a new way to argue for the controversial thesis that there is pragmatic encroachment on knowledge.

Appearances

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Kelbert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Theoretical Import ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article re-evaluates the theoretical import of networks of signification, one of Antoine Berman’s twelve deforming tendencies in translation. Taking Jane Eyre as a case study, the article considers character description as an example of a Bermanian network and traces the physical appearance of the novel’s characters across its six Russian translations. Character description represents a network that is traceable, depends on the reader’s ability to construct a visual mental image over the course of a narrative, has a tangible impact on characterisation, and remains relevant throughout a novel. It thus offers a concrete illustration of the relevance of networks of signification as a model for the systemic interpretative potential of translation variation. This analysis paves the way for further study of Bermanian networks and the ultimate integration of this concept in translation practice.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Anna L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
False Sense ◽  
State Policymaking ◽  
The Way

Summarises the nature of alcohol policy in Russia and explains why such diverse perceptions of it exist. The existence of the anti-alcohol initiative under Medvedev gave a false sense of cohesiveness and intentionality to alcohol policy, concealing its fragmented and ad hoc nature. The kleptocracy inherent in Russia’s political economy has a distorting effect on state policymaking, as formal state priorities are undermined by the priorities of informal power networks. This can be seen in the way in which an official policy of reducing spirits consumption has been distorted into policies that impact harshly on vodka’s main competitor, beer.

Wireless Technologies for Mobile Computing

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Biju Issac ◽  
C. E. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Computing ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
802.11 Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Way

Mobility and computing were two concepts that never met a decade or two ago. But with the advent of new wireless technologies using radio propagation, the impossible is now becoming possible. Though there are many challenges to be overcome in terms of improving the bandwidth and security as with a wired network, the developments are quite encouraging. It would definitely dictate the way we do transactions in future. This chapter briefly explores some popular wireless technologies that aid in mobile computing, like 802.11 networks, Bluetooth networks, and HomeRF networks. Under 802.11 networks, we investigate the details of both infrastructure and ad hoc networks and its operations. The reader is thus made aware of these technologies briefly along with their performance, throughput, and security issues, which finally concludes with user preferences of these technologies.

Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Jaulin
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Citizenship Regime ◽  
The Way

No major citizenship reform has been adopted in Lebanon since the creation of the Lebanese citizenship in 1924. Moreover, access to citizenship for foreign residents does not depend on established administrative rules and processes, but instead on ad hoc political decisions. The Lebanese citizenship regime is thus characterized by immobilism and discretion. This paper looks at the relationship between citizenship regime and confessional democracy, defined as a system of power sharing between different religious groups. It argues that confessional democracy hinders citizenship reform and paves the way to arbitrary naturalization practices, and that, in turn, the citizenship regime contributes to the resilience of the political system. In other words, the citizenship regime and the political system are mutually reinforcing.

How motion verbs are spatial

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Aurnague
Keyword(s):  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to bring out the spatial properties of motion eventualities by focusing on French intransitive motion verbs. After examining changes of posture and changes of placement, we introduce the concept of change of basic locative relation (J.-P. Boons 1987) in order to accurately grasp the telic processes usually characterized as changes of location. The complex combinatory possibilities as between changes of relation and changes of placement are then illustrated by pinpointing the factors that condition the use of predicates of change of placement in utterances denoting changes of relation and placement (the notion of tendenciality). Finally, a categorization of French intransitive verbs of change of relation and placement is proposed, which is based on the way these two notions interact in their semantics.

Generalizing Experimental Findings

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judea Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Solution ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Formal Treatment ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Way ◽  
Non Parametric

AbstractThis note examines one of the most crucial questions in causal inference: “How generalizable are randomized clinical trials?” The question has received a formal treatment recently, using a non-parametric setting, and has led to a simple and general solution. I will describe this solution and several of its ramifications, and compare it to the way researchers have attempted to tackle the problem using the language of ignorability. We will see that ignorability-type assumptions need to be enriched with structural assumptions in order to capture the full spectrum of conditions that permit generalizations, and in order to judge their plausibility in specific applications.

scholarly journals Marvel Cinematic Universe Introductions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Marvel Cinematic Universe ◽  
The Way

Petrinovich’s target article focused on how behavioral science is done, including how it is often done wrong, and how it should be done. I identify another malign influence on behavioral science, which, so far as I know, has, until now, been ignored (I would be happy to be shown that I am wrong on this). To wit, the way that Introductions to papers are written creates a niche that can be exploited for the purposes of promoting one’s work to obtain resources or status, or for self-aggrandizement. I offer a few, probably wrongheaded, suggestions for ending this practice.

scholarly journals What Future for Evolutionary Biology? Response to Commentaries on “The Illusions of the Modern Synthesis”

Biosemiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Noble
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The Way

Abstract The extensive range and depth of the twenty commentaries on my target article (Noble, 2021) confirms that something has gone deeply wrong in biology. A wide range of biologists has more than met my invitation for “others to pitch in and develop or counter my arguments.” The commentaries greatly develop those arguments. Also remarkably, none raise issues I would seriously disagree with. I will focus first on the more critical comments, summarise the other comments, and then point the way forward on what I view as a necessary and long-overdue transition in the foundations of biology.

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