Less restricted mating, low contact with kin, and the role of culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Newson ◽  
Tom Postmes
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Sociosexual Orientation ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Orientation Index

On the basis of a reinterpretation of the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP) data, we suggest that findings are consistent with the view that human reproductive behaviour is largely under social control. Behaviours associated with a high Sociosexual Orientation Index (SOI) may be part of a progressive change in reproductive behaviour initiated by the dispersal of kin that occurs as societies modernize.

EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF MOTHERS IN A PROVINCIAL SOVIET CITY IN THE 1950–60S

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.

Effects of Natural Variation in Sex Ratio and Habitat Structure On Mate-Guarding Decisions in Amphipods (Crustacea)

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 985-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie T.A. Dick ◽  
Robert W. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Size Assortment ◽  
Assortative Pairing ◽  
Study Species

AbstractWe employed field-based studies, with complementary laboratory-based studies, to investigate social and environmental influences on tactical mate-guarding decisions in amphipods (Crustacea). Firstly, we investigated variation in precopulatory mate-guarding duration in Cammarus duebeni celticus in relation to the social structure of natural populations. Variation in population density of up to two orders of magnitude had no effect on precopula duration, whereas guarding durations increased as the sex ratios of the populations became more male biased. That is, males have some ability to assess the probability of other males taking females into precopula and are prepared to guard for longer as this threat of male: male competition increases. A field demonstration of tactical shifts in reproductive behaviour in response to pertinent social conditions is thus provided. Secondly, the 'habitat segregation' hypothesis, which proposes that positive size-assortative pairing in amphipod populations arises due to variation in the use of micro-habitats, was tested in natural field populations and under laboratory conditions in Echinogammarus marinus. This was necessary in order to distinguish any purely environmental determinants of size-assortment from the role of active decisions by males concerning mate choice and male: male competition. The hypothesis was rejected on the grounds that size-assortative pairing arises under both heterogeneous and homogeneous environmental conditions. Further, in both study species, male and female body size were positively correlated with precopula duration. Thus, indirect competition for access to large, fecund females, based on the timing of male entry into precopula, together with direct aggression, provides the explanation for size-assortative pairing in amphipods.

Social Work's Evolution in the United Kingdom: A Study of Community Care and Social Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Model Of Practice

Community social work was a model of practice that was advocated by many roughly from the late 1970s through the 1980s, in the United Kingdom. The approach faded as the field of social work and social services changed drastically in subsequent years. This study conducted in 2006 and 2007, follows up a 1984 study of community social work advocates to learn how the same people understood the changes that occurred over more than 20 years. A total of 9 of the original 30 participants discussed the important role of social policy and social changes that appear to have led toward more individualized, mechanistic, and often control-oriented services.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Kedelai terhadap Sistem Reproduksi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Rizky Aprilia Wikayanti ◽  
Andre Parmonangan Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Free Concentration ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Lh Secretion

Kedelai merupakan tanaman Leguminoceae, yang mengandung senyawa isoflavon. Struktur kimianya menyerupai 17β-estradiol yang memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan dengan reseptor estrogen yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap sistem reproduksi manusia. Tujuan literatur review ini untuk mengetahui efek kedelai terhadap sistem reproduksi manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode literatur review dari 50 artikel PubMed NCBI, Elsevier dan BMJ Journal yang diperoleh hanya 38 artikel yang digumakan dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kedelai memiliki efek terhadap sistem reproduksi manusia. Kedelai dapat menyebabkan sekresi FSH, sekresi LH menurun dan meningkatkan konsentrasi estradiol bebas. Penurunan FSH dan LH dapat menyebabkan gangguan dalam siklus menstruasi terutama pada fase folikular dan  ovulasi, jika fase folikular terganggu maka siklus menstruasi akan menjadi  tidak teratur. Selain itu fitoestrogen yang terkandung dalam kedelai diketahui dapat menghambat 17-β hidroksisteroidoksidoreduktase sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan kadar testosteron.   Kata kunci: kedelai, manusia, reproduksi   THE ROLE OF SOYBEAN FOR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM   ABSTRACT Soybean is a Leguminoceae plant, which contains isoflavone compounds. Its chemical structure resembles 17β-estradiol which has ability to bind to estrogen receptors which can affect the human reproductive system. The purpose of this review literature is to determine the effect of soy on the human reproductive system. Using research articles and books related to the effect of soy on the reproductive system from 2000 to 2018. Various experimental studies conducted showed that soy has an effect on the human reproductive system. Soy can cause FSH secretion, decreased LH secretion and increasing the free concentration of estradiol. Decreased FSH and LH can cause disruption in the menstrual cycle, especially in the follicular phase and ovulation, if the follicular phase is disrupted then the menstrual cycle will become irregular. In addition, phytoestrogens contained in soy are known to inhibit 17-β hydroxysteroidoxidoreductase, resulting in a decrease in testosterone levels.   Keywords : human, reproductive, soybean

scholarly journals "I Know Where You Live!" – Aspects of Watching, Surveillance and Social Control in a Conflict Zone (Northern Ireland)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Zurawski
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
The Way

This article examines the special role of non-technological, everyday surveillance in Northern Ireland, and its meaning for life in the conflict laden province. It looks at the dimensions of people watching other people and how it is that the culture of conflict, which undoubtedly still exists in Northern Ireland, also produces a culture of surveillance. This culture then affects the way in which other forms of surveillance are viewed: with the introduction of CCTV into Northern Ireland, it becomes clear that many issues connected to this technology differ in comparison to other locations and cultural contexts, particularly with regard to issues of trust

scholarly journals The Public Employee Facing Unconstitutional Policies: Organization, State, Power, Stability and Social Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Gusso
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Control Agency ◽  
Public Employee ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control

This article highlights the duty of the public employee to oppose any government policy that goes against constitutional principles and objectives. The defence of this position is made from an organizational analysis of the State. Theoretical contributions such as the understanding of State and Domination in M. Weber, Organization in D. Katz and R.L. Khan, and Control Agency in B.F. Skinner have been used. The analysis of contingencies that control the behavior of the public employee and the understanding of the notions of State and Organizations enable greater clarity about what constitutes the role of workers in the public sector. It also highlights the importance of existing mechanisms to reduce the imbalance in power relations between governors, servants and the population.

scholarly journals Leprosy and the Plague: State Surveillance of Low-Income Fathers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-139
Author(s):  
Monika Jean Ulrich Myers ◽  
Michael Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Child Support Enforcement ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Surveillance

Foucault’s theory of state social control contrasts societal responses to leprosy, where deviants are exiled from society but promised freedom from social demands, and the plague, where deviants are controlled and surveyed within society but receive some state assistance in exchange for their cooperation.In this paper, I analyze how low-income fathers in the United States simultaneously experience social control consistent with leprosy and social control consistent with the plague but do not receive the social benefits that Foucault associates with either status.Through interviews with 57 low-income fathers, I investigate the role of state surveillance in their family lives through child support enforcement, the criminal justice system, and child protective services.Because they did not receive any benefits from compliance with this surveillance, they resisted it, primarily by dropping “off the radar.”Men justified their resistance in four ways: they had their own material needs, they did not want the child, they did not want to separate from their child’s mother or compliance was unnecessary.This resistance is consistent with Foucault’s distinction between leprosy and the plague.They believed that they did not receive the social benefits accorded to plague victims, so they attempted to be treated like lepers, excluded from social benefits but with no social demands or surveillance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document