Fitting data to theory: The contribution of a comparative perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Stewart-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Contextual Variables

In this commentary, I consider Schmitt's cross-cultural investigation of sociosexuality from a comparative perspective. I argue that such a perspective lends support to an evolutionary explanation of a number of Schmitt's findings, including universal sex differences in sociosexuality and the sensitivity of mating behavior to contextual variables such as sex ratio.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Sex, Coalitions, and Politics in Preindustrial Societies

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi S. Low
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Male And Female

Broadly defined, political activity normally involves some form of coalition, usually centering upon resource acquisition, and is not restricted to humans. Male and female mammals appear to have evolved to seek and use resources differently—males to get mates (mating effort) and females to raise healthy, successful offspring (parental effort). Because the return curves for these two types of effort differ in shape, several predictions follow about sex differences in political activity. These predictions are tested using the 93 odd-numbered societies of the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Results offer insights into current patterns of male and female political activity in Western societies.

Some Reliability and Validity Considerations on Australian Data from the Death Anxiety Scale

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Warren ◽  
P. N. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Do So

Data derived from an administration of the Death Anxiety Scale [1] to Australian samples is analyzed with a view to providing comparative cross-cultural observations as well as some indication of realiability and validity in the Australian context. Measures of central tendency and dispersion and sex differences were found to be comparable with other surveys of similar groups to those of the present study. The Scale does not appear to suffer from acquisence set, is internally reliable and groups that would be expected to score lower than others, do so – providing some indication of construct validity. The Scale is not “factorially-pure,” however, and at least three “sub-scales” can be identified. These sub-scales are analyzed and discussed.

Evolution, Societal Sexism, and Universal Average Sex Differences in Cognition and Behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Shed Light

During the past century, social scientists have documented many cross-cultural sex differences in personality and behavior, quite a few of which now appear to be found in all human societies. However, contrary to most scientists’ expectations, these so-called universal sex differences have been shown to be more pronounced in Western industrial societies than in most non-Western developing societies. This chapter briefly reviews the evidence bearing on these findings and offers a biologically based theory that could help shed light on why cross-cultural sex differences exist. The following hypothesis is offered: The expression of many genes influencing sexually dimorphic traits is more likely among descendants of couples who are least closely related to one another. If so, societies in which out-marriage is normative (i.e., Western industrial countries) will exhibit a stronger expression of genes for sexually dimorphic traits compared to societies in which consanguineal marriages are common.

scholarly journals Modeling and forecasting sex differences in mortality: a sex-ratio approach

Genus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Bergeron-Boucher ◽  
Vladimir Canudas-Romo ◽  
Marius Pascariu ◽  
Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Ratio Approach

scholarly journals Effects of Sex Ratio on Egg Extrusion Frequency and Mating Behavior of the Spiny King Crab Paralithodes Brevipes (Decapoda: Lithodidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Wada ◽  
Seiji Goshima ◽  
Masakazu Ashidate ◽  
Kenji Yoshino ◽  
Taku Sato
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
King Crab
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