Visual perception and subjective visual awareness

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Revonsuo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Brain

Pessoa et al. fail to make a clear distinction between visual perception and subjective visual awareness. Their most controversial claims, however, concern subjective visual awareness rather than visual perception: visual awareness is externalized to the “personal level,” thus denying the view that consciousness is a natural biological phenomenon somehow constructed inside the brain.

scholarly journals Coexistence of binocular integration and suppression determined by surface border information

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (37) ◽  
pp. 15990-15995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Su ◽  
Zijiang J. He ◽  
Teng Leng Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitory Process ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Vertical Grating ◽  
Circular Grating ◽  
The Brain

The visual system relies on both the integration and interocular inhibitory processes to achieve single vision from different images in the two eyes. It is generally assumed that the integration process first searches for matching local features between the two eyes. If the matching fails, an interocular inhibitory process is triggered to suppress the image representation of one eye, leading to visual perception that is essentially contributed by the other eye. Here, using a stimulus comprising of binocularly corresponding features (vertical gratings) but incompatible surface border information, we found evidence to the contrary. In one half-image, a circular patch of vertical grating was phase-shifted relative to the surrounding vertical grating to create a circular, monocular boundary contour (MBC), while the other half-image had a similar vertical grating. The two half-images had a binocular disparity at the circular grating patch area, leading to the percept of a disc in depth. Concurrent with the stereo percept, threshold for detecting a Gabor probe on the half-image without the MBC was higher than that on the corresponding area with the grating disc, indicating binocular suppression. These findings reveal that when we perceive depth, which requires the integration process to obtain binocular disparity from the two eyes, one eye's image could simultaneously be suppressed from visual awareness by the interocular inhibitory process. Our study also presents a provocative example of where the brain selectively binds some, but not all, features of the images from the two eyes for visual perception.

scholarly journals Consciousness

Daedalus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Terrence J. Sejnowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Francis Crick ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
The Brain

No one did more to draw neuroscientists' attention to the problem of consciousness in the twentieth century than Francis Crick, who may be better known as the co-discoverer (with James Watson) of the structure of DNA. Crick focused his research on visual awareness and based his analysis on the progress made over the last fifty years in uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying visual perception. Because much of what happens in our brains occurs below the level of consciousness and many of our intuitions about unconscious processing are misleading, consciousness remains an elusive problem. In the end, when all of the brain mechanisms that underlie consciousness have been identified, will we still be asking: “What is consciousness?” Or will the question shift, just as the question “What is life?” is no longer the same as it was before Francis Crick?

How Content Explains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Shea
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Explanatory Relevance ◽  
Tight Connection ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Naturalistic Account ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Semantic Properties

The varitel accounts of content allow us to see how the practice of representational explanation works and why content has an explanatory role to play. They establish the causal-explanatory relevance of semantic properties and are neutral about causal efficacy. Exploitable relations give the accounts an advantage over views based only on outputs. Content does valuable explanatory work in areas beyond psychology, but it need not be explanatorily valuable in every case. The varitel accounts illuminate why there should be a tight connection between content and the circumstances in which a representation develops. The accounts have some epistemological consequences. Representations at the personal level are different in a variety of ways that are relevant to content determination. Naturalizing personal-level content thus becomes a tractable research programme. Most importantly, varitel semantics offers a naturalistic account of the content of representations in the brain and other subpersonal representational systems.

Two Aspects of Moral Habituation in Aristotle’s Practical Science

Rhizomata ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-231
Author(s):  
Siyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Practical Intelligence ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Personal Level

Abstract Through a detailed reconstruction of the process of moral habituation, which includes both a desiderative and an intellectual aspect, I demonstrate in this essay that Aristotelian practical science does not make people practically wise on a ground and personal level, but teaches moral educators how to produce basically good men in and through practice. In particular, the formation of the correct wish for happiness is the natural culmination of desiderative habituation, and intellectual habituation that develops personal practical wisdom is mainly a process of moral apprenticeship under senior statesmen. My analyses of the aspects of moral habituation should reveal that even in his practical science, that is, in a kind of theory pursued for the sake of practice, Aristotle still maintains the clear distinction between theoretical and practical intelligence and shows deep insights into the peculiarity of the latter.

scholarly journals The Principles of Visual Perception Within The Context of Visual Illusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Background Segmentation ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
And Function ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Brain

In the transformation of the low-level, ambiguous retinal signal into a vivid and meaningful phenomenological experience, certain aspects are as essential as the input coming from the external environment. The semantic knowledge stored in memory, figure-background segmentation, grouping principles, and current mood and expectations of the person are equally important. Visual illusions, which might be described as the discrepancy between the objective properties of the external world and their subjective representations, is a common feature of the visual perception that provides meaningful insights with regards to the structure and function of the complex information processor in the brain. In this context, visual illusions are the end results of the optimization strategies that allow the effective use of limited neuronal and metabolic resources, and thus reflect the natural working principles while coping with these limitations, rather than restrictions inflicted upon the system. In this review, we present a compilation of illusions and summarize the key principles of visual perception on the basis of these visual phenomena. In the final section, we also discuss a number of recent topics within the context of Bayesian inference and psychopathology, illusions and alpha brain oscillations and time perception to describe the current directions in the field. Keywords Visual perception, visual illusions, visual system

Visual Perception in Specific Learning Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Neriman Aral
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Specific Learning

From the moment the child is born, learning becomes meaningful and it is interpreted as a result of the experiences first in the family and then in school. However, it is sometimes not possible to talk about the fact that learning takes place in all children although the process has taken place in this direction. Sometimes the individual differences that exist in children and the inability to get the necessary support in structuring their learning experiences can be effective in the failure of learning, while sometimes the type of congenital difficulty can be effective. One of these types of difficulty is a specific learning difficulty. It is not always possible for children with specific learning difficulties to learn, even if they do not have any mental problems. In this case, many factors can be effective, especially the problems that children experience in their visual perception can become effective. Since visual perception is the processing of symbols received from the environment in the brain, the problem that may be experienced in this process can also make it difficult to learn this situation. In line with these considerations, it is aimed to focus on the importance of visual perception in specific learning difficulties.

Rayism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Parton
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Color Theory ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Italian Futurism ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Consistent Response

An abstract and non-objective style of painting, Rayism ("Luchizm") was pioneered by the Russian artist Mikhail Larionov in early 1912. The style represented the first theoretically coherent and practically consistent response on the part of the Russian avant-garde to the challenges of French Cubism and Italian Futurism. In divorcing art from figuration and in its emphasis on the purely formal qualities of painting, Rayism prepared the way for the development of both Suprematism and Constructivism. Larionov’s innovative style was practiced chiefly by those artists in his immediate orbit: painters such as Natalia Goncharova, Alexander Shevchenko, and Mikhail Le-Dantiyu, who belonged to the Donkey’s Tail and Target group. While Rayism had a limited life-span in Russia, being overtaken by Suprematism in 1915, Larionov and Goncharova continued to practice the style throughout their careers, executing Rayist paintings right up to the 1950s. In its earliest phase, known as "Realistic Rayism" ("Realistichesky luchizm"), the style proceeded from Larionov’s interest in optics and Impressionist color theory and specifically from the idea that the color, contour, and form of our world is defined by rays of light reflected from all material objects. According to Larionov’s booklet Rayism (Luchizm) of 1912, his initial aim was to explore the nature of visual perception as it exists before the brain converts what we see into a comprehensible form.

scholarly journals Entropic Approach to the Detection of Crucial Events

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garland Culbreth ◽  
Bruce West ◽  
Paolo Grigolini
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Fractional Brownian Motion ◽  
Anomalous Diffusion ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Brain

In this paper, we establish a clear distinction between two processes yielding anomalous diffusion and 1 / f noise. The first process is called Stationary Fractional Brownian Motion (SFBM) and is characterized by the use of stationary correlation functions. The second process rests on the action of crucial events generating ergodicity breakdown and aging effects. We refer to the latter as Aging Fractional Brownian Motion (AFBM). To settle the confusion between these different forms of Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM) we use an entropic approach properly updated to incorporate the recent advances of biology and psychology sciences on cognition. We show that although the joint action of crucial and non-crucial events may have the effect of making the crucial events virtually invisible, the entropic approach allows us to detect their action. The results of this paper lead us to the conclusion that the communication between the heart and the brain is accomplished by AFBM processes.

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