scholarly journals The Distribution of Benefits from Industrialization in Rural Areas: Some Findings

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Richard F. Bieker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Trickle Down

Industrialization has long been proposed as a policy for promoting regional economic growth and reducing the incidence of unemployment, poverty and dependency in lagging regions (Smith). Such policy proposals are based on the trickle down theory. This theory holds that economic development results in an increase in the demand for skilled labor which in turn results in an upgrading of the positions of the semiskilled, unskilled, and unemployed. The result is economic growth and a reduction in the incidence of unemployment, poverty and dependency and the degree of income inequality in the area.

scholarly journals Measuring Nineteenth Century Regional Economic Growth: Historiography and Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-268
Author(s):  
Dmitry Yu. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
National Values

Introduction. The scope of regional economic inequality, its causes and consequences are relevant issues in the economic history. High regional inequality impedes representative estimation of national economic development and international comparison. The end of 19th and beginning of 20th centuries was the time when industrialization, states’ economic and political integration led to their regional divergence/convergence. Methods. The main challenge of measuring and accounting for 19th century regional economic growth is a scarcity of regional historical and economic statistics. Thus, the paper concerns with historiographical analysis of successful attempts to face this challenge in economic history. Results. It can be distinguished three approaches to historical regional economies accounting depending of relevant statistics availability: 1) for countries with high regional-data integrity, GRP can be estimated as a sum of its residents’ incomes (R. Easterling’s method); 2) for countries with moderate regional statistics being saved, it is possible to estimate GRP through distributing known GDP totals across regions on the basis of indicators of regional sectors’ shares (Geary-Stark method); 3) for countries with poor regional historical statistics it fits only short-cut approach on the basis of indirect regional economic indicators (Crafts’ approach and Good–Ma method). Furthermore, the paper deals with following methods and models used in quantitative explorations of unequal regional economic development: shift-share analysis, β and σ-convergence. Discussion. It appears that historical statistics from the Governors reports makes possible to distribute known national values added in the first and secondary sectors across provinces of the late-nineteenth century Russian Empire in the line with Geary–Stark methodology. The contribution of tertiary sector to the provinces’ economic growth could be estimated on the basis of indirect indicators from the same historical source and the other sources, following Good–Ma methodology. Finally, the cross-checking of the GRP to be calculated is possible through comparison with A. Markevich estimates for 1897.

Linkage Between Regional Accessibillity, Economic Development, and Logistic Infrastructure

2018 ◽  
pp. 719-744
Author(s):  
Ana Vulevic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economic

This chapter reviews regional accessibility and relationship between regional accessibility, the logistic infrastructure and regional economic development. The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the complexity and causality of this relationship. Transport infrastructure is an important policy instrument to promote regional economic development. In addition, development of logistics is a very important part of the transport policy, while accessibility is an important determinant of the attractiveness of regions for logistics activities. Accessibility indicators measure the benefits households and firms in a region enjoy from the existence and use of the transport infrastructure. Economic development may determine transportation needs and lead to infrastructure improvements and accessibility. The theoretically is defined and empirical evidence that transport accessibility suggests that there is a link between the accessibility of the region and its competitiveness and, therefore, regional economic growth.

scholarly journals The Management of Urban Development for the Regional Economic Growth: the Example of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1285-1301
Author(s):  
Svetlana O. Mukhametzhan ◽  
Gulsara A. Junusbekova ◽  
Marat Ye. Daueshov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Management ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Impact

Considering the increasing imbalance in the economic development of urbanised territories of Kazakhstan, examining the impact of urbanisation on the economic growth of cities to ensure their innovative development is necessary. This study analyses trends and problems of the impact of urbanisation on urban development on the example of Kazakhstan. The article focuses on urban development and related processes that will open new opportunities for Kazakhstan to accelerate economic growth and improve living standards. The works of local researchers do not show the relationship between the levels of urban and economic development in different regions of the country and the impact of urbanisation on this process. To supplement previous studies, we used statistical and comparative analysis methods. Moreover, we compared the current state of urban development in Kazakhstan with the situation in other countries. The obtained empirical estimates confirm the correlation between the level of urbanisation of a country and its economic growth. Without a holistic approach to urban management, it is difficult to establish the directions, principles and development strategies for Kazakhstan’s cities and megacities to follow. Thus, we identified the main directions for economic growth of urbanised territories of Kazakhstan: proper control and management of urbanisation, flexible management, development of appropriate policies for different regions of the country, use of best practices in developing urban strategies. We recommend considering the analysis of urban management in the broader context, and not only as a task of implementing regional economic growth. For that purpose, it is necessary to create an integrated multi-level management system that provides feedback and preventive management, classifying the consequences of urban policy in the regions and the effects of achieving the country’s strategic development goals. Therefore, the Kazakh government should at least review its functions and responsibilities and look for solutions to achieve a tangible synergistic effect.

Scientific and Innovative Aspects of Regional Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
E. O. Butova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Scientific Potential

Innovation-driven development of the Russian economy requires a consistent national policy aimed at boosting scientific and innovative activity in the regions, which would facilitate the development of entrepreneurship and technology. It also plays an important role in ensuring the socio-economic progress of the regions and efficiency of income distribution.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the potential directions for optimizing scientific and innovative activity in regional socio-economic development and to identify factors that facilitate the intensification of innovative activity in the regions.Tasks. The authors conduct a correlation analysis between scientific and economic development of the regions with allowance for such factors as the level of education of the population and the number of researchers engaged in research and development (R&D). They also assess the current state of scientific and innovative activity and the national policy on the formation of the scientific and innovative potential of the regions.Methods. The methodological basis of the study of the scientific and innovative aspects of regional economic development includes correlation-regression analysis and abstract logical methods.Results. This study substantiates the role of scientific and innovative activity in regional economic development; determines a positive correlation between regional economic growth and the number of researchers; establishes an inverse correlation between scientific and economic development based on the dependence of innovative activity in the regions on the accumulated scientific potential; empirically assesses the impact of innovative factors on regional economic growth and proposes directions for improving the efficiency of the regional system of science and innovation.Conclusions. Concentrations of knowledge are analyzed as agglomerations of expenses on research and development, science and technology. This leads to an increase in the number of scientists, engineers, scientific and technological personnel of innovative enterprises in various Russian regions. A correlation analysis between scientific and economic regional development shows that per-capita GRP growth rate by the number of researchers is statistically significant, which means there are several factors affecting this dependence: geographical accessibility of higher education, university expenses on infrastructure and services, job creation, additional revenue from students from other countries and regions. It is established that efficient regional higher education systems and innovative development have a positive effect on regional economic development. The conducted analysis shows that a policy on the innovative development of resource regions should be based on government support that would facilitate the creation of innovations and strengthening of scientific potential.

scholarly journals Does the Expansion of Urban Construction Land Promote Regional Economic Growth in China? Evidence from 108 Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualin Xie ◽  
Zhenhong Zhu ◽  
Bohao Wang ◽  
Guiying Liu ◽  
Qunli Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
The Impact

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has maintained rapid growth. At the same time, the process of urbanization in China has been accelerating and the scale of urban construction land has expanded accordingly. The purpose of the research is to explore whether there is an inevitable connection between the expansion of urban construction land and economic growth. This study uses 108 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example. Considering panel data from 2005 to 2015, the spatial econometric model was used to explore the impact of urban construction land expansion on regional economic growth. The results are as follows: (1) The expansion of construction land in cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant impact on economic growth but the extent of the impact is not as great as that of capital stock. (2) In the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the expansion of urban construction land in a certain area has not only a positive effect on the local economic growth but also a certain spillover effect and it can promote the economic development level of the adjacent areas in the economic belt. (3) Although the expansion of urban construction land along the Yangtze River Economic Belt promotes economic growth, there are obvious differences between regions. The expansion of urban construction land in the central region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant driving effect on economic growth. However, the expansion of urban construction land in the eastern and western regions has no significant effect on the economic growth of the respective regions. Finally, based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations for economic development in different regions. These research conclusions will also facilitate the follow-up of other researchers to further explore the driving factors of the economic development of many prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the related mechanisms for the expansion of construction land to promote economic growth.

The Carbon Emissions Rights Optimization under Regional Economic Growth Disparities

2013 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Zheng Xie ◽  
Bai Qing Sun ◽  
Wei Quan Jin ◽  
Xin Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Rating Criteria

Greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions is one of most important environmental problems; the growth of carbon emissions has attracted more and more attention. However, a phenomenon is that economic growth is always together with increasing of carbon emissions. In order to control carbon emissions validly in the premise of economic growth and taking into account that there are regional economic growth disparities for most countries, this paper builds a carbon emissions rights optimization model under regional economic growth disparities. This paper proposes two strategies to evaluate economic growth and carbon emissions: one is the same to all regions, and the other one is different. After calculating, finding that the same regulation of emissions reduction for all regions is better for economic growth and different regulation of emissions reduction is better for balanced development of regional economy. It provides certain rating criteria to find equilibrium point of economic development and carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth and Income Inequality using the Heuristic Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 1016-1024
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Regional Budgets ◽  
The Impact

To achieve regional economic growth, the role of regional budgets is very important. In this regard, the utilization of regional economic and financial resources is an important factor in supporting the implementation of the fiscal decentralization system in the area. The implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia is marked by the process of transferring financial resources to regions in significant amounts. In the last five years (2011-2015), the proportion of balancing funds to total regional income nationally reached an average of 73%. Despite the huge spike in decentralization policies, the implementation of fiscal decentralization in East Kalimantan Province, one of Indonesia's provinces, till now has not been able to bring about improving the welfare of local communities. In reality, there is still income inequality, although still relatively low in East Kalimantan Province. This study performs to measure the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth and income inequality in East Kalimantan – Indonesia. The hypothesis in this study is that fiscal decentralization negatively affects income inequality directly or indirectly through economic growth in East Kalimantan – Indonesia. The aim of this study is how to use the heuristic network to prove this hypothesis.

In Memory of the Regional Khozraschyot: The Dilemmas of Russian Federalism

2011 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The paper is devoted to the problems of promoting regional economic growth in Russia. Despite the efforts directed at the reforms of budgeting and political systems the interregional disbalances still persist. Unevenness of socio-economic development in the Russion regions leads to further centralization and may threat the existence of the federation. The paper draws an analogy between the Soviet elaboration of «khozraschyot» mechanisms and the Russian enhancement of federalism. In the latter case the attempts at reforming are performed using the paradigm that is marked by methodological contradictions and therefore is of no use for the improvement of Russian federalism.

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