scholarly journals Detailled Study of The Dynamics of Fragments of Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake

1999 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
E. Desvoivres ◽  
J. Klinger ◽  
A.C. Levasseur-Regourd
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Close Approach ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Keplerian Motion ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Common Center ◽  
Loss Of Mass

The fragmentation of cometary nuclei is a frequent phenomenon, but the dynamics of the fragments is not yet well understood. During the close approach of comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake to the Earth (0.1 AU) on late March 1996, images were taken with the 1 meter telescope of Pic du Midi observatory. Bright condensations were observed near the nucleus on images taken between March, 22,1996 and March, 31, 1996. It was suggested that these features were mini-comæ surrounding fragments receding from the nucleus (Lecacheux et al., 1996). A model was developped for the motion of cometary fragments in the orbital plane of the comet, and the simulations were compared with the observations (Desvoivres et al, 1998).In the model, we consider that the nucleus of the comet and a fragment are under the influence of the gravity of the Sun, of their mutual gravity, and of non-gravitational forces (NGF) due the loss of mass induced by solar heating. From an estimation of those NGF, we compute numerically the trajectories of the fragment and of the nucleus with respect to their common center of mass (CoM). Then, the motion of the center of mass is studied in an heliocentric reference frame using the theory of perturbed keplerian motion.

Resonance in the Motion of Geocentric Satellites due to Poynting-Robertson Drag

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charanpreet Kaur ◽  
Binay Kumar Sharma ◽  
M. Shahbaz Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Bodies

The problem of resonance in a geocentric synchronous satellite under the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Earth subject to Poynting-Robertson (P-R) drag is the subject matter of this paper. Based on the assumption that the two bodies the Earth and the Sun lie in ecliptic plane and the satellite in the orbital plane. Five resonance points results from commensurability between the mean motion of the satellite and the average angular velocity of the Earth. Out of all resonance, the 3:2 and 1:2 resonance occurs only due to velocity dependent terms of P-R drag. We have determined the amplitude and time period of the oscillation in two different cases at those resonance points.

scholarly journals XXIV. A discourse concerning the menstrual parallax, arising from the mutual gravitation of the Earth and Moon; it's influence on the observations of the Sun and Planets; with a method of observing it: By J. Smeaton, F. R. S

1768 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 156-169 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Sir Isaac Newton ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Common Center

It is demonstrated by Sir Isaac Newton in the Principia , that it is not the Earth's center, but the common center of gravity of the Earth and Moon, that describes the ecliptic; and that the Earth and Moon revolve in similar ellipses, about their common center of gravity.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Space Particles and Spacecrafts Passing by the Atmosphere of the Earth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Martins Gomes ◽  
Antonio Fernando Bertachini de Almeida Prado ◽  
Justyna Golebiewska
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Three Body Problem ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Spacecraft Position

The present research studies the motion of a particle or a spacecraft that comes from an orbit around the Sun, which can be elliptic or hyperbolic, and that makes a passage close enough to the Earth such that it crosses its atmosphere. The idea is to measure the Sun-particle two-body energy before and after this passage in order to verify its variation as a function of the periapsis distance, angle of approach, and velocity at the periapsis of the particle. The full system is formed by the Sun, the Earth, and the particle or the spacecraft. The Sun and the Earth are in circular orbits around their center of mass and the motion is planar for all the bodies involved. The equations of motion consider the restricted circular planar three-body problem with the addition of the atmospheric drag. The initial conditions of the particle or spacecraft (position and velocity) are given at the periapsis of its trajectory around the Earth.

scholarly journals Revolution of Charged Particles in a Central Field of Attraction with Emission of Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Orbit ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Electronic Charge ◽  
Central Field ◽  
Angular Momenta ◽  
Stable Circular Orbit ◽  
Common Center

A particle of mass nm, carrying the electronic charge -e, revolves in an orbit through angle ψ at distances nr from a center of force of attraction, with angular momenta nL perpendicular to the orbital plane, where n is an integer greater than 0, m the electronic mass and r1 is the radius of the first circular orbit. The equation of motion of the nth orbit of revolution is derived, revealing that an excited particle revolves in an unclosed elliptic orbit, with emission of radiation at the frequency of revolution, before settling down, after many cycles of ψ, in a stable circular orbit. In unipolar revolution, a radiating particle settles in a circular orbit of radius nr1 round a positively charged nucleus. In bipolar revolution, two radiating particles of the same mass nm and charges e and –e, settle in a circular stable orbit of radius ns1 round a common center of mass, where s1 is the radius of the first orbit. Discrete masses nm and angular momenta nL lead to quantization of the orbits outside Bohr’s quantum mechanics. The frequency of radiation in the bipolar revolution is found to be in conformity with the Balmer-Rydberg formula for the spectral lines of radiation from the atom hydrogen gas. There is a spread in frequency of emitted radiation, the frequency in the final circle being the highest, which might explain hydrogen fine structure, as observed with a diffraction grating of high resolution. The unipolar revolution is identified with the solid or liquid state of hydrogen and bipolar revolution with the gas state.

scholarly journals Equilibrium Points and Basins of Convergence in the Triangular Restricted Four-Body Problem with a Radiating Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 2030003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Osorio-Vargas ◽  
Guillermo A. González ◽  
F. L. Dubeibe
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Libration Points ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Trojan Asteroid ◽  
Four Body Problem ◽  
Common Center ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, we extend the basic equilateral four-body problem by introducing the effect of radiation pressure, Poynting–Robertson drag, and solar wind drag. In our setup, three primaries lie at the vertices of an equilateral triangle and move in circular orbits around their common center of mass. Here, one of the primaries is a radiating body and the fourth body (whose mass is negligible) does not affect the motion of the primaries. We show that the existence and the number of equilibrium points of the problem depend on the mass parameters and radiation factor. Consequently, the allowed regions of motion, the regions of the basins of convergence for the equilibrium points, and the basin entropy will also depend on these parameters. The present dynamical model is analyzed for three combinations of mass for the primaries: equal masses, two equal masses, different masses. As the main results, we find that in all cases the libration points are unstable if the radiation factor is larger than 0.01 and hence able to destroy the stability of the libration points in the restricted four-body problem composed by the Sun, Jupiter, Trojan asteroid and a test (dust) particle. Also, we conclude that the number of fixed points decreases with the increase of the radiation factor.

scholarly journals Libration of the Moon: shape of the Earth and motion of the ecliptic plane

1986 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
M. Moons
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Spherical Harmonics ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Lunar Gravity ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Gravity Field ◽  
The Earth

Very accurate theories of the libration of the Moon have been recently built by Migus (1980), Eckhardt (1981, 1982) and Moons (1982, 1984). All of them take into account the perturbation due to the Earth and the Sun on the motion of a rigid Moon about its center of mass. Additional perturbations (influence of the planets, shape of the Earth, elasticity of the Moon, …) are also often included.We present here the perturbations due to the shape of the Earth and the motion of the ecliptic plane on our theory which already contains planetary perturbations. This theory is completely analytical with respect to the harmonic coefficients of the lunar gravity field which is expanded in spherical harmonics up to the fourth order. The ELP 2000 solution (Chapront and Chapront-Touzé, 1983) supplies us with the motion of the center of mass of the Moon.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN TERJADINYA PUNCAK PASANG SURUT SUNGAI BARITO AKIBAT PEMANASAN GLOBAL

INFO-TEKNIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Holdani Kurdi ◽  
Ulfa Fitriati ◽  
M. Ainun Najib ◽  
Aulia Isramaulana
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Neap Tide ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Dead

Regional development engineering in coastal areas, tidal land reclamation, delta area reclamation and port planning, tidal knowledge is very important. Tides mainly occur due to the gravitational forces of the moon, sun, and other planets. The influence of different gravitational forces can be predicted precisely because the rotation and revolutionary movements of the earth, moon, sun, and other planets take place with very high order. The tidal period every day is mainly determined by the rotation of the earth with a 24-hour period. Influence of the sun even though its attraction is only half that of the lunar pull, its influence should not be ignored As understood months around the earth with a period of about 29.5 days. When the position of the moon-earth-sun is in line, the tidal forces of the sun and moon strengthen each other. At that time spring tide occurred. Whereas if the sun-earth forms an angle of 90 degrees, then the minimum tides occur (neap tide). The two conditions are about 7 days old, according to the moon's revolution. Because of the influence of the inertia of the mass of water, the spring and neap tide occur between one and three days after these extreme conditions occur. In short-term studies often researchers take extreme conditions, namely during the tidal peak and peak tide (spring tide), because it does not require a long time compared to researching during a longer tide period. The research approach that will be carried out is whether the tide and peak peaks still occur 1-3 days after the full moon and the dead moon, whether there is a change in the height of the tide and ebb during a certain period due to global warming. As a result of global warming, it is also an effect on the water level of the Barito River. There was a decrease in the maximum water level which previously was around 3 m, now only around 2 m, the minimum water level previously around 2 m was now below 1 m. This will affect the hydrotopographic conditions of tidal swamp land, land that was previously type A can change to type B and so on. The highest tides on the Barito River often occur in the dead months, namely the 1st and 29th of the Hijri.

scholarly journals Dowsing the ‘Vital Energy’ of the Planets and their Moons

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
John F. Caddy
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Production

An experimental dowsing of the planetary and lunar bodies of the solar system suggests that all planetary and lunar names evoke some degree of energetic excitation reflecting that of the bodies themselves. The highest values of pranic energy were found for Jupiter and the other large distant planets, and for moons close to their planet which are subject to gravitational forces and show volcanic activity. The Earth, Venus and Mars show similar moderate-high levels of pranic energy, but the low-moderate scores for pranic energy shown by Mercury and the Sun seem to verify that subtle energy production is incompatible with high production or high levels of conventional photonic radiation. A short discussion of the implications of these observations follows.

scholarly journals Minimal length estimation on the basis of studies of the Sun–Earth–Moon system in deformed space

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. P. Gnatenko ◽  
V. M. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Minimal Length ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Lunar Laser Ranging ◽  
Weak Equivalence Principle ◽  
Moon System ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Laser

A space with deformed Poisson brackets for coordinates and momenta leading to the minimal length is considered. Features of description of motion of a body in the space are examined. We propose conditions on the parameters of deformation on which Poisson brackets for coordinates and momenta of the center-of-mass reproduce relations of deformed algebra, kinetic energy of a body is independent of its composition, and the weak equivalence principle is preserved in the deformed space. Influence of minimal length on the motion of the Sun–Earth–Moon system is studied. We find that deformation of the Poisson brackets leads to corrections to the accelerations of the Earth and the Moon toward the Sun, as a result the Eotvos-parameter does not vanish even if we consider equality of gravitational and inertial masses. The upper bound for the minimal length is estimated using results of the Lunar laser ranging experiment.

scholarly journals Orbital Perigee Deviation under Inclination Window for Sun Synchronized Low Earth Orbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Shkelzen Cakaj ◽  
Bexhet Kamo
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Low Earth Orbits ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
Earth Orbits ◽  
Earth’S Oblateness

Data processing related to the Earth’s changes, gathered from different platforms and sensors implemented worldwide and monitoring the environment and structure represents Earth observation (EO). Environmental monitoring includes changes in Earth’s vegetation, atmospheric gas content, ocean state, melting level in the ice fields, etc. This process is mainly performed by satellites. The Earth observation satellites use Low Earth Orbits (LEO) for their missions. These missions are accomplished mainly based on photo imagery. Thus, the relative Sun’s position related to the observed area, it is very important for the photo imagery, in order the observed area from the satellite to be treated under the same lighting (illumination) conditions. This could be achieved by keeping a constant Sun position related to the orbital plane due to the Earth’s motion around the Sun. This is called Sun synchronization for low Earth orbits, the feature which is applied for satellites dedicated for the Earth observation. Nodal regression is the phenomenon which is utilized for low circular orbits providing to them the Sun synchronization. Nodal regression refers to the shift of the orbit’s line of nodes over time as Earth revolves around the Sun,  caused due to the Earth’s oblateness. Nodal regression depends on orbital altitude and orbital inclination angle. For the in advance defined range of altitudes stems the inclination window for the satellite low Earth orbits to be Sun synchronized. For analytical and simulation purposes, the altitudes from 600km to 1200km are considered. Further for the determined inclination window of the Sun synchronization it is simulated the orbital perigee deviation for the above considered altitudes and the eventual impact on the satellite’s mission.

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