ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MORPHOGENESIS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENTS OF THE PANCREAS OF A RACCOON DOG IN POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS OF THE RADIATION FACTOR

There have been no studies devoted to the study of the pancreas of a raccoon dog living in a contaminated area in the world. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the connective tissue components of the pancreas in a raccoon dog at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis. The material for the study was raccoon dogs seized from former settlements, in the vicinity of lakes Zhartai, Vyura, Gnezdnoye and the Nesvich River in the exclusion zone (30 – kilometer exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant). As a result of the studies, the features of the morphofunctional state of the pancreatic stroma under the influence of the radiation factor were revealed.

TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS WITH A RADIATION FACTOR IN THE ADJACENT RADIOACTIVELY POLLUTED AREAS OF RUSSIA AND BELARUS

Описан состав и основные характеристики технических средств мониторинга чрезвычайных ситуаций с радиационным фактором на сопредельных радиоактивно загрязненных вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС территориях России и Беларуси, предназначенных для обеспечения оперативного проведения аварийно-спасательных и других неотложных работ. Describes the composition and main characteristics of technical means for monitoring emergency situations with a radiation factor in the adjacent territories of Russia and Belarus contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster, designed to ensure prompt rescue and other urgent work.

"Dose – effect" calibration dependence by frequency of unstable chromosomic exchanges in human lymphocytes in acute gamma irradiation by 137Сs in low doses for biological dosimetry

The calibration dependence of dicentrics and rings chromosomes with an accompanying fragment induction in human lymphocytes by in vitro 137Сs acute gamma irradiation of blood in the dose range of 0.09 - 1.0 Gy is presented. The application of the obtained calibration curve for estimation of “biological” doses for overexposed 9 persons from the contract staff of the Chornobyl SSE is shown. Their doses calculated by the frequency of dicentrics and centric rings with consideration of operation duration and mode in the zone of influence of the radiation factor, significantly exceeded the doses determined by the methods of physical dosimetry.

CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE OF LYMPHOID AND MYELOID LEUKEMIAS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE CHERKASSY REGION IN 2001 AND 2014

The purpose - to carry out comparison of the cumulative morbidity on the lymphoid and myeloid leukemia on relatively clean and contaminated regions of the Cherkassy region for 2001 and 2014. Materials and methods. The incidence was determined in regions A (relatively clean), B (radioactive contaminated), C (chemically contaminated) and D (radioactive and chemical contaminated) per 100 thousand population, which was registered during the All-Ukrainian census conducted in 2001, and in 2014 according to the published data of the State Statistical Service of Ukraine. Results. In 2001, in the radioactive contaminated region of Cherkassy oblast, there was a 2.46-fold (p = 0.024) higher incidence of myeloid leukemias alone (5.30; 3.03-8.33 vs. 2.15; 0.66-3.64 per 100 thousand population, respectively). Instead, in the area contaminated with chemical factors, the prevalence of lymphoid (acute and chronic) was determined (7.12; 1.84 - 12.39 vs. 2.69; 1.02 - 4.35 per 100 thousand population, respectively) and myeloid (6.10; 1.22 - 10.99 vs. 2.15; 0.66 - 3.64 per 100 thousand population, respectively) leukemia, compared with relatively clean regions. According to 2001 data, who living in a chemical contaminated region, the risk of cumulative morbidity for acute and chronic lymphoid and myeloid leukemias is 3.30 (p = 0.014) and 2.83 (p = 0.043), respectively. In 2014, no increase in the level of cumulative incidence of these hematological neoplasms was detected between the clean and contaminated regions of Cherkassy oblast. Conclusions. It was proved that the radiation factor in 2001 increased the probability of growth the cumulative incidence only for myeloid leukemias, and chemical contamination - for both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. In 2014, there was no increase in the level of cumulative incidence of certain hematological diseases between clean and contaminated regions of Cherkasy oblast.

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING THE SIZE OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE OF NUCLEAR FACILITY

The dimensions of the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) for nuclear facility (NF) of I and II hazard classes are calculated based on the recommendations of national regulatory documents, taking into account the radiation factor of human exposure. At the same time, factors of a non-radiation nature are not considered, although they are present in the zone of influence of the NF and make an additional contribution to the formation of negative consequences for people. In this case, the definition of the boundaries of the SPZ is possible only in a result of analysis, comparison and calculation of various values characterizing the state of the environment and NF. Such an opportunity can be provided by the use of an expert system. The article describes a simplified version of the expert system designed to determine the boundaries of the NPP SPZ, which takes into account the dose criterion and criteria for non-radiation factors, and the results of its application for a real NPP.

Morphometric Characteristics Of The Spleen Of White Rats In Normal And In Chronic Radiation Disease

In an experimental study, the morphofunctional features of the spleen of 6-month-old white rats were studied in normal conditions and in chronic radiation sickness. The study found that in response to the action of a chronic radiation factor in the spleen of white rats, there is a decrease in structural parameters. This is reflected in the morphological parameters of the organ. As a result, the functional activity of the spleen’s lymphoid tissue decreases.

Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

Hybrid monitoring concept development. Modeling of pulse height spectra of gamma-radiation emitted from radioactive cloud released from NPP

In emergency situations with the release of radioactivity to the environment, possible radiation doses to the affected public are estimated with computational modeling. However, it should be noted that the estimates to a certain degree depend on various calculation parameters that may make the predicted radiation doses inconclusive. To reduce occurring uncertainties is possible by adjusting estimated outcomes with measurement data. The gamma-radiation spectra from the released radioactive cloud is measured by systems for radiation situation monitoring in the area surrounding the source of radioactive materials release. The feasibility study aimed at obtaining information needed for improvement of radiation doses estimates quality should be carried out. Due to certain problems related to performance of experimental work, there is the need to devel-op new approach to calculate gamma-spectra of radioactivity emitted from the released cloud. The solution of this problem will allow to select the parameters of equipment and measurement parameters necessary for adjusting the forecasts of radiation doses to the population in a case of accidents with a radiation factor based on the results of processing gamma radiation spectra.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.