An X-Ray All Sky Monitor for a Japanese Experimental Module on the Space Station

AbstractWe propose an X-ray all sky monitor for Japanese Experimental Module (JEM) on the space station. Considering practical circumstances, we show as a case study that the all sky monitor with slit hole cameras is most promising for monitoring the short-term and long-term X-ray transients. We call this all sky monitor as MAXI (Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image). Position determination of gamma-ray bursts could be achieved with accuracy less than one degree observing the X-ray component of the burst. Weak X-ray sources such as active galactic nuclei could be also monitored with time resolution less than one day. The X-ray all sky monitor will work to discover X-ray novae and transient phenomena and give us the alarm for further detailed observations. The obtained data will be also used for archival study.

Download Full-text

An X-Ray All Sky Monitor for a Japanese Experimental Module on the Space Station

Observatories in Earth Orbit and Beyond - Astrophysics and Space Science Library ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-3454-5_65 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 463-468

Author(s):

M. Matsuoka ◽

N. Kawai ◽

T. Imai ◽

M. Yamauchi ◽

A. Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Space Station ◽

X Ray ◽

Sky Monitor ◽

Japanese Experimental Module

Download Full-text

Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126846 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 410-411

Author(s):

Allen Angel ◽

Kathryn A. Jakes

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

X Ray ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Backscattered Electron ◽

Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

Download Full-text

Determination of standards of raw timber natural losses due to shrinkage at long-term dry storage

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/83/2020-jfs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 195-203

Author(s):

Dalibor Šafařík ◽

Petra Hlaváčková ◽

David Březina

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Upper Limits ◽

Natural Losses ◽

Term Storage

The aim of the article is to describe the issue of determining the characteristics and parameters of raw timber natural losses due to shrinkage at long-term storage, defining the theoretical basis for creating standards, and verify its finding by means of a case study in raw timber storing. This issue is very topical in forestry practice in the Czech Republic as well as in other countries. The lower and upper limits of the standards were calculated, and the proposed mean value was grouped according to woody plants that reflected the most frequent commercial usage with respect to subsequent processing. Subsequently, experimental verification was carried out on a representative sample of 2 209.99 m3 of raw timber of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ H. Karst.) at selected forest administrations. Furthermore, the article addresses the related accounting and tax issues of the standards of natural losses of raw timber. Currently, no legislation mandates an entity to establish standards.

Download Full-text

Determination of the Microstructure of a Lithologic Interface Using the Delayed Response Characteristics of Horizontal Well Gamma Ray Logging Curves: A Case Study of the Daqingzijing Oilfield, Songliao Basin, Northeast China

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering ◽

10.1007/s13369-018-3493-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 6653-6664 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jinkai Wang ◽

Jinliang Zhang ◽

Jun Xie

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Horizontal Well ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Songliao Basin ◽

Delayed Response ◽

Response Characteristics

Download Full-text

American National Standard for Determination of the Imaging Performance of X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Systems for Cargo and Vehicle Security Screening

10.1109/ansi.2008.4606807 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

National Standard ◽

Security Screening ◽

X Ray ◽

Vehicle Security ◽

Imaging Performance

Download Full-text

The use of restraints in Rietveld refinement of molecular compounds; a case study using the crystal structure determination of tryptamine free base

Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science ◽

10.1107/s0108768102011370 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 835-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Harriott Nowell ◽

J. Paul Attfield ◽

Jason C. Cole

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Rietveld Refinement ◽

Free Base ◽

Final Choice ◽

X Ray ◽

Global Weight ◽

Efficient Packing ◽

Molecular Compounds

The previously unknown crystal structure of the biogenic compound tryptamine, in the form of a free base (C10H12N2), has been solved from X-ray powder diffraction data using simulated annealing followed by restrained Rietveld refinement [space group P212121, a = 12.28593 (6), b = 8.53351 (4), c = 8.49385 (4) Å, Z = 4, final reduced-χ2 = 5.255]. A restrained Rietveld refinement was carried out in which the global weight factor, f, of the stereochemical restraints was gradually lowered. The effect of the relaxation of restraints on the crystal structure and on χ2 was studied and a criterion for the final choice of f is reported. The crystal structure reported here shows efficient packing involving weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding and a herringbone-type packing pattern.

Download Full-text

THE INTERPLAY OF PROMPT AND AFTERGLOW EMISSION IN GRB 060418

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271808012899 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (09) ◽

pp. 1343-1349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. D. VERGANI ◽

D. MALESANI ◽

E. MOLINARI

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Spectral Properties ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Early Time ◽

Lorentz Factor ◽

X Ray ◽

Central Engine ◽

Low Energies ◽

Prompt Emission

We present observations of the early afterglow emission of GRB 060418. Thanks to the simultaneous coverage at optical, X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths, we can detect and separate the external shock emission (visible in the optical and late X-ray data) and the central engine activity (early X and gamma rays). The two components are clearly distinguished based on temporal and spectral properties. The detection of the afterglow onset (in the optical) allows the determination of the fundamental fireball properties, namely its bulk Lorentz factor and total energy. The early time X-ray flare closely resembles the prompt emission gamma-ray pulses in its temporal profile, being wider at low energies and showing lags between the hard and soft bands. This provides a strong suggestion that X-ray flares are a continuation of the prompt emission.

Download Full-text