scholarly journals Observing the Nucleosynthesis from Core Collapse Supernovae

1988 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Claes Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stellar Nucleosynthesis ◽  
Plasma Effects ◽  
Indirect Sources

Since the appearance of the classical papers on stellar nucleosynthesis in the 1950’s most of the observational tests have been through indirect sources of information. Even though this has been rather successful (cf. various contributions in this volume), it represents only an average over all sources, yielding little information about specific stars. The most direct evidence comes from observations of young galactic supernova remnants (age less than ∼103 years). Unfortunately, the analysis of X-ray data are hampered by a lack of understanding of the detailed physics, eg. non-equilibrium and plasma effects, as well as by observational problems (Itoh and Nomoto, 1987). Optical observations (cf. Raymond, 1984) have given some valuable insight of eg. the oxygen-rich remnants. The analysis of these are, however, suffering from the fact that only a small fraction of the mass is seen in the optical.

scholarly journals 60Fe in core-collapse supernovae and prospects for X-ray and gamma-ray detection in supernova remnants

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (3) ◽  
pp. 4287-4310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W Jones ◽  
Heiko Möller ◽  
Chris L Fryer ◽  
Christopher J Fontes ◽  
Reto Trappitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova ◽  
Structure Line ◽  
Solar Metallicity

Abstract We investigate 60Fe in massive stars and core-collapse supernovae focussing on uncertainties that influence its production in 15, 20, and 25 M$\odot$ stars at solar metallicity. We find that the 60Fe yield is a monotonic increasing function of the uncertain 59Fe(n, γ)60Fe cross-section and that a factor of 10 reduction in the reaction rate results in a factor of 8–10 reduction in the 60Fe yield, while a factor of 10 increase in the rate increases the yield by a factor of 4–7. We find that none of the 189 simulations we have performed are consistent with a core-collapse supernova triggering the formation of the Solar system, and that only models using 59Fe(n, γ)60Fe cross-section that is less than or equal to that from NON-SMOKER can reproduce the observed 60Fe/26Al line flux ratio in the diffuse interstellar medium. We examine the prospects of detecting old core-collapse supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Milky Way from their gamma-ray emission from the decay of 60Fe, finding that the next generation of gamma-ray missions could be able to discover up to ∼100 such old SNRs as well as measure the 60Fe yields of a handful of known Galactic SNRs. We also predict the X-ray spectrum that is produced by atomic transitions in 60Co following its ionization by internal conversion and give theoretical X-ray line fluxes as a function of remnant age as well as the Doppler and fine-structure line broadening effects. The X-ray emission presents an interesting prospect for addressing the missing SNR problem with future X-ray missions.

scholarly journals X-Ray Absorption in Young Core-collapse Supernova Remnants

2018 ◽  
Vol 864 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Alp ◽  
Josefin Larsson ◽  
Claes Fransson ◽  
Michael Gabler ◽  
Annop Wongwathanarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Non-Equilibrium Ionization X-ray Emission from Supernova Remnants

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
J. Michael Shull
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Heavy Element ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
Ionization Equilibrium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Abundances ◽  
Stellar Nucleosynthesis

X-ray spectra of young supernova remnants (SNR's) are perhaps the most spectacular examples of hot, line-emitting astrophysical plasmas. Heated to temperatures of 1 to 10 keV and enriched with the heavy element products of stellar nucleosynthesis, the plasma inside these SNR's emits prodigiously in lines of 0, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. Theoretical models of this emission provide measures of the plasma temperature and density, elemental abundances, and the degree of approach to ionization equilibrium. Thus, astrophysicists are offered the opportunity to test their understanding of the supernova explosion, its interaction with the interstellar medium, and the nucleo-synthetic processes which enrich our galaxy with heavy elements.

scholarly journals What Shapes Supernova Remnants?

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S296) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Symmetry ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Outstanding Question

AbstractEvidence has mounted that Type Ia and core-collapse (CC) supernovae (SNe) can have substantial deviations from spherical symmetry; one such piece of evidence is the complex morphologies of supernova remnants (SNRs). However, the relative role of the explosion geometry and the environment in shaping SNRs remains an outstanding question. Recently, we have developed techniques to quantify the morphologies of SNRs, and we have applied these methods to the extensive X-ray and infrared archival images available of Milky Way and Magellanic Cloud SNRs. In this proceeding, we highlight some results from these studies, with particular emphasis on SNR asymmetries and whether they arise from “nature” or “nurture”.

scholarly journals Stellar binaries that survive supernovae

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (4) ◽  
pp. 5394-5410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Kochanek ◽  
K Auchettl ◽  
K Belczynski
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Model Finding ◽  
X Ray Binaries

Abstract The number of binaries containing black holes (BH) or neutron stars (NS) depends critically on the fraction of binaries that survive supernova (SN) explosions. We searched for surviving star plus remnant binaries in a sample of 49 supernova remnants (SNR) containing 23 previously identified compact remnants and three high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB), finding no new interacting or non-interacting binaries. The upper limits on any main-sequence stellar companion are typically $\lesssim 0.2\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ and are at worst $\lesssim 3\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. This implies that f < 0.1 of core-collapse SNRs contain a non-interacting binary, and f = 0.083 (0.032 < f < 0.17) contain an interacting binary at 90 per cent confidence. We also find that the transverse velocities of HMXBs are low, with a median of only 12 km s−1 for field HMXBs, so surviving binaries will generally be found very close to the explosion centre. We compare the results to a ‘standard’ StarTrack binary population synthesis (BPS) model, finding reasonable agreement with the observations. In particular, the BPS models predict that 6 per cent of initial binaries leave a star plus remnant binary, or 5 per cent of SNRs assuming an 84 per cent binary fraction.

scholarly journals Plerion model of the X-ray plateau in short gamma-ray bursts

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (4) ◽  
pp. 5010-5018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Strang ◽  
A Melatos
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Electron Energy Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Magnetic Field ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova

Abstract Many short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) exhibit a prolonged plateau in the X-ray light curve following the main burst. It is shown that an X-ray plateau at the observed luminosity emerges naturally from a plerion-like model of the sGRB remnant, in which the magnetized, relativistic wind of a millisecond magnetar injects shock-accelerated electrons into a cavity confined by the sGRB blast wave. A geometry-dependent fraction of the plerionic radiation is also intercepted and reprocessed by the optically thick merger ejecta. The relative contributions of the plerion and ejecta to the composite X-ray light curve are estimated approximately with the aid of established ejecta models. The plerionic component of the electron energy spectrum is evolved under the action of time-dependent, power-law injection and adiabatic and synchrotron cooling in order to calculate the X-ray light curve analytically. The model yields an anticorrelation between the luminosity and duration of the plateau as well as a sudden cut-off in the X-ray flux, if the decelerating magnetar collapses to form a black hole. Both features are broadly consistent with the data and can be related to the surface magnetic field of the magnetar and its angular velocity at birth. The analogy with core-collapse supernova remnants is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Observations of Supernova Remnants With ISO

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1148-1150
Author(s):  
R.J. Tuffs
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Cygnus Loop ◽  
Radiative Shocks ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Cas A

Pointed observations with ISO have been made, or are planned, towards 58 supernova remnants (SNRs) in the galaxy and Magellanic clouds. The main emphasis is on detailed studies of gas, dust and synchrotron emission from selected regions within 24 well studied galactic remants. First results are available for Cas A (Lagage et al. 1996, 1997; Tuffs et al. 1997; Unger et al. 1997), the Cygnus Loop (deCourchelle et al 1997; Fischera et al. 1997), RCW103 (Oliva et al. 1997; Wright et al. 1997), and W44 and 3C391 (Reach and Rho 1996). These are providing insights into issues such as the yield and composition of condensates in supernova ejecta, the processing of grains by adiabatic and radiative shocks, and the measurement of cold gas, inaccessible to optical observations, both from cool regions in radiative shocks and from unshocked ejecta. In this progress report these points are illustrated with reference to Cas A, the prototype of an ejecta-dominated remnant of a massive core-collapse supernova, and the Cygnus Loop and RCW103 as prime examples of radiative shocks delineating the interaction of fast blast waves with diffuse atomic and dense molecular clouds, respectively.

Ground based observations of X-ray sources—a short review

1969 ◽  
Vol 313 (1514) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Class B ◽  
Near Future

Forty-five X-ray sources have been announced up to October 1968; five (possibly seven) of these have been identified convincingly with optical objects; seven more have very well determined positions and it may be hoped that they will be identified in the near future; of the remaining objects, eight have been observed in several flights and their existence is beyond doubt, although their location is poorly known, 23 have been observed only in one flight and for some of them it is still uncertain whether they are real or not. The identified sources belong to three categories: A, supernova remnants; B, sources whose optical counterparts are starlike objects having spectra resembling old novae; C, radiogalaxies (only Vir A = M87 belongs to this class). After a short critical discussion concerning the distribution of X-ray sources upon the sky and a comparison with the distribution of other known objects, a short review is given of optical observations of objects of class B.

scholarly journals Optical observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 2366 through narrowband Hα and [SII] filters. Supernova remnants status

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Vucetic ◽  
D. Onic ◽  
N. Petrov ◽  
A. Ciprijanovic ◽  
M.Z. Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
H Ii Regions ◽  
Nearby Galaxy ◽  
Irregular Galaxy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ratio Criterion

We present detection of 64 H II regions, three superbubbles and two optical supernova remnant (SNR) candidates in the nearby irregular galaxy NGC 2366. The SNR candidates were detected by applying [S II]/H? ratio criterion to observations made with the 2-m RCC telescope at Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory in Bulgaria. In this paper we report coordinates, diameters, H? and [S II] fluxes for detected objects across the two fields of view in the NGC 2366 galaxy. Using archival XMM-Newton observations we suggest possible X-ray counterparts of two optical SNR candidates. Also, we discard classification of two previous radio SNR candidates in this galaxy since they appear to be background galaxies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document