Self-disclosure in same-sex friendship dyads from Australia, Japan, and the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Don Munro ◽  
Christine Riney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractA total of 202 unmarried males and females from the United States, Japan and Australia were recruited through personal contacts and completed two copies of the Jourard (1958) Self Disclosure Questionnaire, one for a same-sex friend of the same nationality as themselves and one for an equally close friend in one of the other two countries. Psychometric and factor analyses indicated that the scale was acceptably internally consistent but possibly measures more than one dimension of self-disclosure. Sex differences in favour of higher disclosure by females was taken as indicative of cross-cultural validity. There were highly significant differences between countries in scores for both own-country and other-country friends, and a general bias towards disclosing more to own-country friends. However, Japanese respondents disclosed more to other-country friends, particularly Americans. While Australians showed little bias, there was a strong tendency to disclose less to them, particularly by Americans. These results are interpreted in terms of cultural values and communication norms. Further psychometric and substantive investigations of self-disclosure across cultures are suggested.

scholarly journals Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1993-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Gillespie-Lynch ◽  
Nidal Daou ◽  
Maria-Jose Sanchez-Ruiz ◽  
Steven K Kapp ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Quality ◽  
Autistic People

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( n = 556) and those in the United States ( n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.

Hybridity and Identity Performance in Diasporic Context: An Autoethnographic Journey of the Self Across Cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Nziba Pindi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Third Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Identity Performance ◽  
Ways Of Being

In this autoethnographic article, I am interested in theorizing about how hybridity illuminates my lived experience of identity performed across cultures, and more specifically in diasporic context, at the intersections of various facets of my selfhood: Black, female, postcolonial, African, bi-tribal, diasporic, immigrant, nonnative English Speaker, “French native speaker,” and so on. I use personal narrative as a locus of subjectivity to recount critical moments of my lived experience as a hybrid subject navigating at the borderlands of two cultural worldviews: Congolese and American. My cross-cultural journey reveals a series of challenging and triumphant episodes from my childhood back home to my life in the United States, a journey during which I have experienced both privilege and oppression. My process of identity construction results in the creation of a third space that celebrates difference through new ways of being, encompassing cultural values from both the United States and the Congo. This process is articulated through different ways of being/not being “American” and/or “African” and just being “different.”

Cross-Cultural Validity of the Ruminative Responses Scale in Argentina and the United States

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernán G. Arana ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Group Self ◽  
Brooding And Reflection ◽  
The U.S

Although frequently used in the United States, the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) has not been extensively studied in cross-cultural samples. The present study evaluated the factor structure of Treynor et al.’s 10-item version of the RRS in samples from Argentina ( N = 308) and the United States ( N = 371). In addition to testing measurement invariance between the countries, we evaluated whether the maladaptive implications of rumination were weaker for the Argentinians than for the U.S. group. Self-critical perfectionism was the criterion in those tests. Partial scalar invariance supported an 8-item version of the RRS. There were no differences in factor means or factor correlations in RRS dimensions between countries. Brooding and Reflection were positively correlated with self-critical perfectionism in both countries, with no significant differences in the sizes of these relations between the two samples. Results are discussed in terms of psychometric and cross-cultural implications for rumination.

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Li ◽  
Peter Harmer ◽  
Likang Chi ◽  
Naruepon Vongjaturapat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
Metric Invariant ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Mean Differences

It is becoming increasingly important to determine whether structural models of measures of sport and activity behavior developed in North America are invarant across different populations. This study assessed (a) the cross-cultural validity of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) using male college students across the United States (n = 309), Thailand (n = 312), and Taiwan (n = 307); and (b) the factorial equivalence and structured latent mean differences of the TEOSQ in these samples. Using a confirmatory factor analytic procedure, the initial test of the hypothesized two-factor structure representing task and ego orientation yielded a good fit for each sample. The factor structure was further shown to be metric invariant across the three countries. Furthermore, tests of latent means showed significant differences between groups. The United States sample exhibited the highest levels of task and ego orientation, followed by the Taiwan and Thailand samples, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance Analysis on the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale in a U.S. and Japanese College Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Saki C. Nakai ◽  
Regan A. R. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Configural Invariance

In the present study, we tested the factor structure of the 20-item Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS; Cheek & Melichor, 1985) in a U.S. sample and used measurement invariance analysis to explore its cross-cultural validity in a previously collected Japanese sample (Sato et al., 2018). We additionally measured related personality traits (Big Five; Locus of Control, LOC; and Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System, BIS/BAS) to examine whether each predicted shyness. Participants were undergraduate students in the United States (N = 525) and Japan (N = 508). Exploratory factor analysis (n = 261) revealed a unidimensional structure for shyness to be the best fit. Measurement invariance analysis (n = 256 for United States) showed that the RCBS did not establish configural invariance, the weakest level in measurement invariance, suggesting that it may not be a cross-culturally valid and reliable tool to assess shyness. We thus did not perform any cross-cultural comparisons of variables, as initially intended. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression in the U.S. sample foundextraversion to negatively predict shyness, β = −.59, p < .001, and neuroticism, β = .18, p < .001, LOC (external), β = .14, p < .001, and BIS, β = .19, p < .001, to positively predict shyness. Gender was not a significant predictor, β = .09, p = .075. Future work may focus on the development of a Japanese shyness measure independent from U.S. conceptualizations to improve the cross-cultural validity and reliability of shyness measures.

Supervision With East Asian International Supervisees: Unfolding Unspoken Complexities

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Pei-Fen Li ◽  
Liang-Ying Chou ◽  
I-Shan Yang ◽  
Wei-Ning Chang ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Eastern Philosophies

East Asian international supervisees possess a cluster of cultural values that are unique to their ethnic traditions, social structure, and Eastern philosophies. They commonly encounter cross-cultural clashes in Western therapy and supervision settings with their clients, colleagues, and supervisors. To address the supervisees' unique acculturation experiences, a supervisor must provide culturally responsive supervision where the supervisees can critically examine the influence of cultural experiences on self-of-the-therapist. The authors used autoethnography as the methodology to present their supervision stories, which include challenging clinical examples and collective reflections, to highlight unique issues they encountered in the United States. Clinical implications are provided to develop effective and culturally responsive supervision.

Cross–cultural Validity of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire Among Adults Across Five Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096667
Author(s):  
Bojana M. Dinić ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Aleksandar Vujić ◽  
Josanne D. M. van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Marginal Model ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire

This study aims to test psychometric properties and factor invariance of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) for adults across five countries: Serbia ( N = 409), Mauritius ( N = 400), the United States ( N = 389), the Netherlands ( N = 372), and China ( N = 325). The results supported the two–factor structure across country samples, with a marginal model fit in Mauritius. Results also supported the congruent factor structure of Reactive Aggression scale across countries, while the Proactive Aggression scale can be considered as equal across samples from Serbia, the United States, and China, but not from Mauritius and the Netherland. Among items from the Proactive Aggression scale, those referring to open aggression aimed at obtaining social status and dominance, frightening or harming others, obtained the highest loadings across all samples and could be considered as the good representatives of adult proactive aggression. This is the first study in which cross-cultural validation of the RPQ among adults has been tested and results suggested that there are some cultural differences in expression of proactive aggression.

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