Selling an image: girl groups of the 1960s

Popular Music ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Cyrus
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Audience Member ◽  
Hair Style ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Look ◽  
Title Pages

This article considers the parameters and implications of the look of 1960s girl groups such as the Marvelettes, the Shirelles and the Shangri-Las through an examination of approximately two hundred images taken from title pages for songs, from LP covers, and from ads and publicity photos. An overwhelming majority of these visual images depict the members of an ensemble as equal and visually interchangeable, for the members dressed in the same clothes and accessories, sported the same hair style and stood in the same pose. This uniformity supported the chatty teenage dialogue which typified the girl group lyrics. Perhaps more importantly, it also invited the audience member to identify herself with the members of the group. Such a message of belonging was an important part of a marketing strategy aimed at the increasingly multiracial teen market of the period.

The Look I Want to Know Better

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Kutulas
Keyword(s):  
Older Men ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Look

Youth becomes the defining force in fashion starting in the 1960s. This chapter looks at younger and older men’s adoption of a traditional womanly attitude toward fashion where clothing becomes a signifier or who one is. Stylish older men followed the British peacock look in the late 1960s. Younger men resisted fashion until the idea of hip consumerism emerged, enabling what they regarded as a holistic and authentic approach to style.

Discovering Usher

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Evert Jan van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Target Audience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Audience Member ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
The Look ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Magic Lantern

This introductory chapter provides an overview of House of Usher (1960), which was a part of American International Pictures' TV series The Curse of Corman. This TV series introduced American International's Poe pictures to a new generation. It is the emotional intensity conveyed through the mise-en-scène that sets the Poe pictures apart from their immediate rivals. The Poe pictures appealed to AIP's target audience — teenagers — because their aesthetics were also akin to the look and feel of EC horror comics. More than any of the other Poe pictures, House of Usher is a work of pulp expressionism that appeals to the angst holed up inside the minds of many a teenage audience member. Like a magic lantern, the film projector reveals a series of beautifully crafted, colourful tableau that in sequence give expression to Edgar Allan Poe's vision of human frailty and corruption, and the void that awaits beyond the threshold of life. This book explains why House of Usher has attracted a cult audience for nearly 60 years.

Marketing as a response to paradox and norms in the 1960s and 1970s

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Bourassa ◽  
Peggy H. Cunningham ◽  
Jay M. Handelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Chain Store ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

PurposeThis study seeks to investigate the interaction between marketers' strategic behaviors, social norms, and societal stakeholders within a particular historical time period, the 1960s and 1970s.Design/methodology/approachThe study's findings are based on an analysis of two dominant retail industry trade publications, Chain Store Age and Progressive Grocer.FindingsThe analysis reveals an intriguing array of strategic marketing activity throughout these two decades not captured in considerations of marketing strategy at the time. The retailers examined engaged in two interesting behaviors. First, they responded to a wide range of stakeholder demands in a paradoxical fashion. Second, as retailers were confronted with social norms, instead of conforming to these norms they worked to help influence and shape them to their own advantage. This examination of retailers' behaviors over two decades has allowed the authors to present an intriguing new dimension to the understanding of marketing strategy.Originality/valueThe study found that throughout the 1960s and 1970s, marketers appeared to be actively engaged in a social dialogue. Through this dialogue, they not only responded to norms, but also attempted to shape the norms that came to define legitimate behavior for the marketers. This kind of strategic marketing endeavor was not accounted for in the managerial school of thought that dominated marketing thinking at the time.

The Affective Economy and Online Fan Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Nur Aliah Mansor ◽  
Rizalniyani Abdul Razak ◽  
Zam Zuriyati Mohamad ◽  
Norrina Din ◽  
Arbaiah Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Audience Awareness

This chapter explores participation and co-production in affective media experiences in Johnny & Associates' online fan communities. Johnny & Associates is a Japanese all-male talent management company established in the 1960s. As a pioneer in the idol industry, Johnny & Associates and artists under its management have been highly influential in the contemporary Japanese entertainment industry. These artists are collectively known as Johnny's idols or Janīzu. Much of the data are collected through participant-experiencer and interviews. The originality of this case study stems mainly from the empirical data for Johnny & Associates, Janīzu, and the global fan base during Johnny & Associates' transition to a social media platform. This chapter analyses marketing strategy, audience awareness, and behaviour in relation to a mass media phenomenon. The complex interaction among Johnny & Associates, Janīzu, and fans generates tensions and contradictions that mirror the modern mediated life.

Anatolian Anthroponymy after Louis Robert … and Some Others

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brixhe Claude
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
The 1960S

Until the 1960s, two works of Johannes Sundwall were the unique repertories of the onomastics of Asia Minor. In 1963 appeared Noms indigènes de l’Asie Mineure gréco-romaine of Louis Robert, an indictment of the methods of Sundwall and invitation to rigorous philology, a turning point. For survivals from the second millennium, P.H.J. Houwink ten Cate, E. Laroche and L. Zgusta brought decisive complements. In the Roman period there occurs a ‘koinéfication’ of the name-stock of Asia Minor, with an overwhelming majority of Greek names and strong percentage of Latin. The only differences from region to region are the degree of resistance and the content of the indigenous element. Stress is laid on the need for a sociological and anthropological approach, which situates the name in society and so explains its origin and functioning: Hellenistic Pamphylia is taken as an example.

scholarly journals Deconstructing Racist Humor: How Archie Boston’s Advertisements Provoke Institutionalized Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Shaheila Valmai Kalyana Roeswan ◽  
Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
Black People ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Institutionalized Racism ◽  
Visual Semiotics ◽  
Incongruity Theory ◽  
The 1960S

Humor is one of the most used mediums for overcoming the dominant power in society. One type of humor, Black Humor, was initially used by the Black community to speak their voice regarding the racism they face every day. However, it showed that even the most powerful tool could also act as a double-edged sword for its users. In this research, we analyzed three advertisements made by Archie Boston circa the 1960s that took the symbolism of the Ku Klux Klan, Uncle Sam, and slavery and turned these symbolisms into objects of humor. Using Kress and van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design, Barthes’ visual semiotics, and incongruity theory by Goldstein and McGhee, these advertisements were analyzed and then critically associated with the theory of Institutionalized Racism. The results revealed that these advertisements showed affiliation with how stereotypes are identified through symbolism by using humor and visual images. Therefore, these advertisements perpetuate negative stereotypes of the Black community by making Black people seem complicit in and supporting the racist acts that the symbols perpetuated.

The Sexual Politics of Memory: The Vietnam Women's Memorial Project and “The Wall”

Prospects ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 341-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karal Ann Marling ◽  
John Wetenhall
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Sound Track ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Look

During the 1988 season, there was nothing unusual about seeing the Vietnam War on television. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Vietnam had appeared during the dinner hour, for the most part, in ninety-second spots showing green foliage and red dust whipped into a vivid frenzy for the camera by the blades of helicopters. But in the waning 1980s, a generation after the fall of Saigon, Vietnam moved into prime time. With vintage rock blaring on the sound track, major stars began to “hump the boonies” in picturesque jungle fatigues. Magnum P.I., aiming for a more serious dramatic tone in its final seasons, afflicted the titular hero with flashbacks to his POW days. On a nearby Hawaiian set, CBS's Tour of Duty patrol (led by Terence Knox, late of St. Elsewhere, on another network) simulated the look of news footage, circa 1968.

Koufu: Fortune of an Entrepreneurial Singapore Hawker

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 175-205
Author(s):  
Pui Mun Lee ◽  
Chong Guan ◽  
Calvin M. L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Out Of School

This case traces the rags-to-riches entrepreneurial journey of Mr Pang Lim in building his Koufu food court business empire over the past decades amidst the changing landscape of the food and beverages industry in Singapore. After dropping out of school at 13 years old, Mr Pang started work as a dishwasher in the 1960s. However, his entrepreneurial acumen enabled him to seize strategic opportunities and adapt to changing environmental forces to become the owner of Koufu, a leading food court chain in Singapore. When Koufu was founded in 2002, the food court business in Singapore was already dominated by other major players such as Food Junction and Kopitiam. Yet, through astute management, clearly defined market segmentation strategies, and a significant focus in brand-building, Koufu grew into an international food court empire. By 2012, it consisted of 54 food courts in Singapore, one food court in Macau, and annual revenue of $152.7 million. Koufu also grew to become one of Singapore’s most established F&B brands with many sub-brands in its stable. This case is suitable for use in Marketing Strategy and Strategic Marketing courses. Key marketing and branding theories and concepts illustrated in this case include macro-environment and micro-environment analysis; segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies; and branding architectures (i.e., house of brands, branded house, house brand).

scholarly journals Skipping Breakfast Everyday Keeps Well-being Away

Acta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ak Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Breakfast, the first meal of the day, is considered the most important meal throughout the day.  As nutritionist Adelle Davis famously put it back in the 1960s: “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper”. Breakfast is most commonly skipped meal more than lunch and dinner specifically in the young adult in the university study period and those who wake up late. Lack of time is the main reason behind skipping meals, in general, lack of appetite, inability to cook, fasting/religion, and not being hungry. Many people are used to be in a hurry for job, business, children’s’ school in the morning where a filled stomach may prevent them to walk a long way. It is obvious that the irregular omission of breakfast may be effective in energy intake reduction over the next 24 hours and in this day, exercise performance may be compromised. There is no evidence that breakfast skipping reduces overeating or prevent weight gain. Some people argue that breakfast and good health is a marketing strategy by breakfast companies.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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