scholarly journals Deconstructing Racist Humor: How Archie Boston’s Advertisements Provoke Institutionalized Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Shaheila Valmai Kalyana Roeswan ◽  
Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
Black People ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Institutionalized Racism ◽  
Visual Semiotics ◽  
Incongruity Theory ◽  
The 1960S

Humor is one of the most used mediums for overcoming the dominant power in society. One type of humor, Black Humor, was initially used by the Black community to speak their voice regarding the racism they face every day. However, it showed that even the most powerful tool could also act as a double-edged sword for its users. In this research, we analyzed three advertisements made by Archie Boston circa the 1960s that took the symbolism of the Ku Klux Klan, Uncle Sam, and slavery and turned these symbolisms into objects of humor. Using Kress and van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design, Barthes’ visual semiotics, and incongruity theory by Goldstein and McGhee, these advertisements were analyzed and then critically associated with the theory of Institutionalized Racism. The results revealed that these advertisements showed affiliation with how stereotypes are identified through symbolism by using humor and visual images. Therefore, these advertisements perpetuate negative stereotypes of the Black community by making Black people seem complicit in and supporting the racist acts that the symbols perpetuated.

SOCIAL MOVEMENT THEORY: LESSONS FROM THE SOCIOLOGY OF W. E. B. DU BOIS*

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Aldon Morris
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Black People ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
The 1960S

This article addresses why movement scholars had no idea that the civil rights and black power movements of the 1960s and 70s were imminent. In fact, their theories led them to predict that these movements were impossible because only whites possessed history-making agency. These scholars accepted the dogma that black people, their culture, and their institutions were inferior and incapable of organizing and leading powerful movements. This article demonstrates that the black sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois predicted those movements a half century before they occurred. He did so because he conducted concrete empirical analyses of the black community, and his lived experiences led him to reject the thesis of black inferiority. This article argues that the field of social movements remains too white and elitist and that this condition causes less robust and accurate analysis. The article suggests ways to make needed changes.

Having Their Say, Leaving Their Mark

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Adolphus G. Belk ◽  
Robert C. Smith ◽  
Sherri L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Independent Organization

In general, the founders of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists were “movement people.” Powerful agents of socialization such as the uprisings of the 1960s molded them into scholars with tremendous resolve to tackle systemic inequalities in the political science discipline. In forming NCOBPS as an independent organization, many sought to develop a Black perspective in political science to push the boundaries of knowledge and to use that scholarship to ameliorate the adverse conditions confronting Black people in the United States and around the globe. This paper utilizes historical documents, speeches, interviews, and other scholarly works to detail the lasting contributions of the founders and Black political scientists to the discipline, paying particular attention to their scholarship, teaching, mentoring, and civic engagement. It finds that while political science is much improved as a result of their efforts, there is still work to do if their goals are to be achieved.

“Thank You, Black Twitter”: State Violence, Digital Counterpublics, and Pedagogies of Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lamont Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Political Organizing

In this article, I examine the role of Black Twitter as a “digital counterpublic” that enables critical pedagogy, political organizing, and both symbolic and material forms of resistance to anti-Black state violence within the United States. Focusing primarily on post-Ferguson events, I spotlight the ways that Black people have used Black Twitter and other digital counterpublics to engage in forms of pedagogy that reorganize relations of surveillance, reject rigid respectability politics, and contest the erasure of marginalized groups within the Black community.

Race Doesn’t Matter

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey D. Fields
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Racial Uplift ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
Abstract Notion

This chapter focuses on African American Republicans who can be labeled as “color-blind” because their strategy for linking black identity to Republican politics involves de-emphasizing the role of race in black people's lives. These African American Republicans see themselves as linked to a broader black community, but they reject identity politics as the pathway to racial uplift. They endorse Republican social policy as part of a commitment to an abstract notion of conservative politics, not because the policies are good for black people. Indeed, for race-blind African American Republicans, the best thing for blacks is to abandon race-based identity politics.

The Multi-media Museum: The 1960s–70s

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Elisa Mandelli
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter discusses the spreading of film projections and other multi-media and interactive devices in museum galleries in the 1960s–70s, due to the advent of video and technological innovations that rendered these machines more easily available, as well as to the growing importance accorded to the visual design of exhibitions. The chapter also focuses on the curatorial debate about several key issues. It addresses the relationships between museums and their visitors, and the role of multi-media in shaping their interactions. The chapter analyses a seminar held in 1967 by Marshal McLuhan and Harley Parker. In this meeting with museum professionals, the famous communication theorist discussed emerging trends in the communication strategies of museums, which included the role of audio-visual and multi-media devices.

The Ku Klux Klan and the War on Poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-98
Author(s):  
Emma J. Folwell
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
White Men ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Antipoverty Programs

Chapter three traces the history of the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi from Reconstruction to the 1960s, before exploring the wave of white supremacist violence that exploded across the state of Mississippi in 1967. This renewed wave of Ku Klux Klan attacks was directed at the state’s antipoverty programs, and in particular at white men and women involved in those programs. The chapter traces the rhetoric used in Klan literature in opposing the war on poverty, which claimed the programs were part of a move toward federal dictatorship. The language fused the core myths and fears on which white segregationists drew—miscegenation, the spread of venereal disease, interracial sex, the threat of black power, and liberal welfare policies that benefitted African Americans. It also illustrates how gender shaped both the Klan violence and its ideology, as attacks on white women teaching in Head Start classes intensified.

scholarly journals 163 Appreciating Historical Racial and Ethnic Nuance in Developing Novel Approaches to Effective Communication of Mental Illness in the Black Community

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Napoleon B. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Black People ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Access To Treatment

Abstract:There are many barriers to mental health care in the Black Community. These barriers lead to racial disparities in access to treatment and quality of life, along with inappropriate treatment and misdiagnosis in mental and physical health. These disparities directly lead to increased morbidity, mortality and poor mental health in the our communities. Many would question if Black people are not interested in mental health and don’t see it as a needed concern. This talk will address that all cultures are not the same and that there is a fundamental need to address communities on their terms and not make them conform into a "majority culture" approach and perception of mental health care, but rather focus on the individual patient and community needs for mental health care. Often psychiatrists and other mental health professionals are trained in a very academic scientific approach to identification and treatment of mental illness. Too often this model does not fit the needs of all patients due to it not taking into account ethnic differences in communication of mental health and desired outcomes of the patient. This often leads to a lack of understanding on with both sides, the mental health professional and the patient. Too often a patient may see the physician, be given a diagnosis, starts taking a prescription, but then not be able to explain what is their diagnosis, the name of the medication, what it is for, nor what is the medication supposed to do for them. This could lead to unexpected poor outcomes due to the lack of effective communication. This talk will attempt to explain the barriers of communication to the Black community while appreciating and supporting cultural nuance and effective communication. This is needed to help bring mental health to the community in a digestible way and to meet the communities needs on their level. To do this, psychiatry needs to shift it’s focus to understanding cultural characteristics, such as how Black patients may have different cultural needs and may benefit from a unique, customized approach to their mental health. There is a need for psychiatry to take into consideration the spiritual aspects of patients and how many focus not only on needing to improve themselves, but also on how their mental health and behavior are impacting their family and the community as a whole. The traditional model of interview, diagnosis with medication, and follow up for medication adjustment is not fitting all communities leading to the detriment of their mental health.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis of Packaging Visual Design for Happiness on Organic Food—Middle-Aged and Elderly as an Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Che Tu ◽  
Hsing-Tzu Chang ◽  
Shu-Bei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Packaging Design

This study explored the visual images that affect middle-aged and elderly consumer groups in organic food packaging design, and summarized the happiness of visual design elements for organic food as a reference for design. This study used expert interviews, the KJ method to collect image vocabulary and select representative samples, and the Semantic Differential method (SD method) to evaluate the happiness image of organic food. Then, the questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the subjects’ attention regarding happiness in the visual design elements of organic food. This study adopted one-way ANOVA to understand the differences of consumers’ visual images for different organic food packages. The results show that the living patterns of the consumer groups in organic food packaging design can be classified into four groups. The “Self-actualization Group” thinks that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, reassuring, environment-friendly, healing, comfortable, and novel. The “Caring for Health Group” believes that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, reassuring, and environmentally friendly. The “Lohas Food Safety Group” believes that happiness organic food is packaged in a healthy, simple, and environment-friendly way. The “Extroverted Loyalty Group” believes that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, comfortable, professional, simple, environment-friendly, and novel.

Selling an image: girl groups of the 1960s

Popular Music ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Cyrus
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Audience Member ◽  
Hair Style ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Look ◽  
Title Pages

This article considers the parameters and implications of the look of 1960s girl groups such as the Marvelettes, the Shirelles and the Shangri-Las through an examination of approximately two hundred images taken from title pages for songs, from LP covers, and from ads and publicity photos. An overwhelming majority of these visual images depict the members of an ensemble as equal and visually interchangeable, for the members dressed in the same clothes and accessories, sported the same hair style and stood in the same pose. This uniformity supported the chatty teenage dialogue which typified the girl group lyrics. Perhaps more importantly, it also invited the audience member to identify herself with the members of the group. Such a message of belonging was an important part of a marketing strategy aimed at the increasingly multiracial teen market of the period.

scholarly journals A History of Marginalization - Africville: a Canadian Example of Forced Migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pamela Vincer
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Black People ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The People ◽  
Dominant Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Resettlement ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Colonial Government

The people of Africville, Nova Scotia were removed from their homes and had their community razed in the 1960s during an era of urban renewal. Africville, Nova Scotia will be explored as an example of forced resettlement in Canada. Specifically, this case study will display the extreme racism Black people in Nova Scotia have endured upon settlement and onward. This paper will trace their migration, while highlighting the exclusion from the dominant society – by the colonial government of Nova Scotia, through lack of access to quality land, hence denial of their livelihoods. The racialization of space and the dominance of whiteness theories will be applied to the case of Africville and Blacks in Nova Scotia. The migration of Black people to Nova Scotia is unique, in that they arrived in Canada during the same time as the early European settlers, yet are still treated as the Other.

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